Hydrocarbons
It is an organic compound consisting of two elements, hydrogen and carbon. Most of the petroleum composition consists of hydrocarbons of varying lengths.
The smallest hydrocarbon methane consists of a single carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. However, hydrocarbons can consist of hundreds or thousands of individual atoms linked together in many ways, including chains, circles, and other complex shapes.
In order to classify the properties of hydrocarbons, they are divided into several basic types.
Alkanes: These are called saturated hydrocarbons. That is, they only contain single bonds between all carbon atoms. Alkanes are the basis of petroleum fuels and exist in linear and branched forms.
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: Hydrocarbons that have one or more double bonds between carbon atoms are called alkenes.
Cycloalkanes: Any hydrocarbon containing one or more ring structures.
Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Aromatic hydrocarbons , also called arenes, are a unique class of carbon molecules in which carbon atoms are bonded by successive double and single bonds. This class of molecules has special ring structures in which the bonds between carbon atoms are an intermediate bond between single and double bonds.
Molecules in this class contain the industrial solvent "benzene".
Benzene (C6H6): Like other hydrocarbons, benzene is a natural component of petroleum. It is a colorless, flammable, sweet-smelling liquid at room temperature and is a component of most gasoline blends because of its high octane number.
Benzene is also highly carcinogenic and is well known to cause bone marrow failure and bone cancer. Of course, its carcinogenicity is not well known when used as an additive in aftershave and other cosmetics due to its "pleasant aroma".
The largest use of benzene (50%) is the product of styrene and polystyrene plastics. It is also converted into a molecule known as cyclohexane, which is important in Nylon production. About 15% of benzene is used to produce cyclohexane. Smaller amounts are used in everything from pesticides to rubber.
The benzene structure can be drawn in two ways. In the first, the double bond character is drawn explicitly. In the short handed version, a circle is drawn inside the ring to show the structure. There is only one hydrogen bonded to each carbon atom in benzene.
I. and II below. drawings are identical. III in practice. drawing is used.
Benzene is a colorless, flammable liquid with a boiling point of 80.1 ° C and a melting point of 5.5 ° C.
Binuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons: They are compounds that contain two benzene rings in their molecules.
Hydrocarbons
It is an organic compound consisting of two elements, hydrogen and carbon. Most of the petroleum composition consists of hydrocarbons of varying lengths.
The smallest hydrocarbon methane consists of a single carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. However, hydrocarbons can consist of hundreds or thousands of individual atoms linked together in many ways, including chains, circles, and other complex shapes.
In order to classify the properties of hydrocarbons, they are divided into several basic types.
Alkanes: These are called saturated hydrocarbons. That is, they only contain single bonds between all carbon atoms. Alkanes are the basis of petroleum fuels and exist in linear and branched forms.
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: Hydrocarbons that have one or more double bonds between carbon atoms are called alkenes.
Cycloalkanes: Any hydrocarbon containing one or more ring structures.
Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Aromatic hydrocarbons , also called arenes, are a unique class of carbon molecules in which carbon atoms are bonded by successive double and single bonds. This class of molecules has special ring structures in which the bonds between carbon atoms are an intermediate bond between single and double bonds.
Molecules in this class contain the industrial solvent "benzene".
Benzene (C6H6): Like other hydrocarbons, benzene is a natural component of petroleum. It is a colorless, flammable, sweet-smelling liquid at room temperature and is a component of most gasoline blends because of its high octane number.
Benzene is also highly carcinogenic and is well known to cause bone marrow failure and bone cancer. Of course, its carcinogenicity is not well known when used as an additive in aftershave and other cosmetics due to its "pleasant aroma".
The largest use of benzene (50%) is the product of styrene and polystyrene plastics. It is also converted into a molecule known as cyclohexane, which is important in Nylon production. About 15% of benzene is used to produce cyclohexane. Smaller amounts are used in everything from pesticides to rubber.
The benzene structure can be drawn in two ways. In the first, the double bond character is drawn explicitly. In the short handed version, a circle is drawn inside the ring to show the structure. There is only one hydrogen bonded to each carbon atom in benzene.
I. and II below. drawings are identical. III in practice. drawing is used.
Benzene is a colorless, flammable liquid with a boiling point of 80.1 ° C and a melting point of 5.5 ° C.
Binuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons: They are compounds that contain two benzene rings in their molecules.
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Kyäni, nutritional supplement products consisting of beneficial ingredients; It delivers to more than 50 countries around the world with unique business opportunities. We use Kyäni products daily to maintain our ideal health, share these products with others, devote a certain amount of time to work almost every day to build and maintain our business, and share our success with others by involving others in the Kyäni opportunity or contributing to the Potato Pak and Caring Hands programs.
About
Kyäni, nutritional supplement products consisting of beneficial ingredients; It delivers to more than 50 countries around the world with unique business opportunities. We use Kyäni products daily to maintain our ideal health, share these products with others, devote a certain amount of time to work almost every day to build and maintain our business, and share our success with others by involving others in the Kyäni opportunity or contributing to the Potato Pak and Caring Hands programs.
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Glossary of Terms
A
Stage A: It is an early stage of the polymerization reaction in which the material is soluble and soluble in some liquids after application of some thermoset resins (especially phenolics) on the reinforcement. See also phases B and C.
TYPE A ZONE REGULATOR: It is a regulator that automatically adjusts the nominal inlet pressure up to 25 bar to a fixed nominal output pressure of 4 bar.
TYPE A STATION: It is a natural gas unit deployed in a separate area equipped with a regulator, filter, heater, meter, blending unit and other equipment that reduces the 75 bar transmission line gas pressure to the distribution line pressure between 19 bar and 40 bar.
ACQ (ANNUAL CONTRACT QUANTITY): Annual Contract Amount.
ABATAJ, 1) The mine in the natural position, pickaxe, martopikör, -> dynamite, etc. dismantling with vehicles and making it ready for transportation. 2) -> Excavation.
ABİSAL FASİYES, 1) Sediments in the sea bottoms with a depth of more than 900 m. 2) Deep sea facies. -> Facies.
ABIOGENIC METHANE: While hydrogen-rich gases and carbonaceous molecules deep in the earth's crust gradually rise towards the earth, they encounter with minerals that do not contain oxygen and enter into various reactions; Elements such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, argon and water are formed. If these gases are under very high pressures as they rise towards the surface, they are directed to the formation of methane, similar to thermogenic methane.
ABIOGENIC THEORY: The theory that the origin of oil is the hydrocarbons that are trapped in the depths of the earth during the formation of the planets.
SUBSCRIBER CONSUMPTION AMOUNT: It is the highest amount of gas consumption accepted by a subscriber to consume in an hour.
ABR: Acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber
ABS: Alkyl benzene sulphonate: a stable surfactant added to detergents, resistant to biodegradation. Acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene rubber. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (thermoplastic)
ABSORPTION: It is the loss of a substance in another substance; While the absorbed material loses its self-identifying properties, the absorbent material retains most of its physical appearance. Absorption process is used in refining, to selectively separate special compounds from process streams. There is a chemical reaction between the absorbed gas and the absorber; Refinery gases are kept in basic absorbers such as ethanolamines and purified from acidic gases.
ABSORPLAYICI, 1) A vehicle that is protective against high voltage in electricity. 2) In astronomy, the medium that has the ability to absorb and reduce light. 3) In agriculture. Device that transfers grains by absorbing them. 4) Refineries, the purification equipment used in the filtration of petroleum gases.
ABSORPTION, 1) Absorption, absorption, that is, the penetration of water or other liquids into the pores of the solid material. The high absorption capacity is due to the large surface area of the material, the total pore volume, and sufficient pore size and distribution. Bentonite, fuller soil, sepiolite and atapulgite are used as absorbent materials since they have these properties to a great extent. 2) Partial or complete dissolution and absorption of gas, light, heat and rays while passing through a substance. 3) The situation in which gases are dissolved in coal and in a form of molecular leakage. 4) Absorption. 5) The absorption of less mobile neutrons by thin layers of boron and cadmium.
AC (AMMONIUM CHLORIDE) METHOD, One of the synthetic soda ash production methods. The AC method, called DUAL and developed by the Japanese, is a different form of the solvay method. With this method, all the sodium content in the salt is converted into soda ash. This rate is 70% in the Solvay method. As a by-product -> Ammonium chloride (NH4 CL), which means starch, is most commonly used as an electrolyte in dry batteries, galvanizing and tinning, and also in soldering to facilitate soldering of the metal by removing the oxide layer on metal surfaces. -> Solvay method.
ACI WATER (Brackish): Lightly salt water.
ACM: Acrylonesterchlorovinyl rubber / Ether rubber
ANGLE STATION, 1) Conveyor or layout at the place where the overhead line changes direction. 2) The lodge.
OPEN FORM: Oil bed rock with good porosity and permeability.
OPEN BURNING [Open burning] The process of burning in landfills in order to reduce the amount (volume) of waste.
Angle Winding: It is the winding of the fibers with a helical angle of approximately 0 ° in GRP products produced by the fiber winding method.
ANGULAR FLEXIBLE CONNECTION PART: It is a flexible connection element that is used to meet angular movements in gas pipelines and installations.
ADAPTER: It is a pipe connection element that is used to connect pipe parts of different diameters and shapes.
Adhesion: The ability of the film to hold the ink on its surface.
Adhesion Promoter: The additive put into the ink to increase adhesion in cases where the film's adhesion is not good.
ADIABITIC DEFLECTION RATE [Adiabatic lapse rate] The rate of decrease (deviation) in temperature associated with the increase in altitude.
Additive (Additive): Petroleum products additives are chemical substances that improve some of the chemical or physical properties of the product when added in very small amounts. Some well-known additives include foam, anti-icing and anti-wear agents, corrosion inhibitors, demulsifiers, detergents, dispersants, emulsifiers, heavy-load additives, lubricants, oxidation inhibitors, pour point reducers, rust inhibitors, adhesives, viscosity index increasing agents. .
Adsorption: It is the attachment of gas or liquid molecules to the surfaces of solid materials (eg activated carbon); These materials have very high porosity and complex network structures that connect the channels to each other. Unbalanced molecular forces on the canal surfaces give this type of carbon the ability to adsorb many substances; For example, the total surface area of a handful of activated carbons could be as much as 10 football fields.
ADSORPTION [Adsorption] Molecules adhere to solid surfaces.
Adiabatic Compression: It is the compression of a gas without loss of heat. consequently, the temperature of the gas rises. Increase in temperature is an important factor in lubrication, because at high temperatures the oil degradation is accelerated by oxidation. In such conditions, the oxidation inhibitor in the oil prevents the oil from breaking down rapidly.
ADIOACTIVE METHOD, A geophysical mineral exploration method based on the determination of the presence and fragmentation of radioactive material causing ionization as a result of measuring the degree of ionization of the air in the soil on the land.
AEROBIK [Aerobic] Organism that lives or can be active in the presence of free oxygen; where oxygen dissolved in water acts as an oxidizer.
AEROBIC DISCRIMINATION [Aerobic decomposition] Decomposition of organic materials by microorganisms or fungi operating under weather conditions.
Aerobic Degradation: It is the breakdown of molecules into smaller molecules or atoms by microorganisms under dominant oxygenated conditions. It is fast and odorless. Raw materials: Organic matter (carbon, chemical energy, protein, nitrogen), minerals (nitrogen and other nutrients) and water; Products: Organic matter: (carbon, chemical energy, nitrogen, protein, humus), minerals, water and microorganisms.
Aerobic Bacteria: They are living and active microorganisms that only occur in the presence of oxygen. Bacteria play an important role in aerobic mechanism; While organic substances in waste are broken down, the substances that come out are pure carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. While microorganisms feed on these elements and multiply, they leave carbon dioxide and a dark, sweet, nutritious residue.
AEROSOL [Aerosol] Suspended particulate matter in air: pressure canister that sprays liquids.
DISASTER AREAS [Hazardous areas] Areas prone to natural disasters such as earthquakes, landslides, avalanches, forest fires and floods.
Afterflame: It is the process of continuation of combustion after the combustion source is removed.
Afterglow: It is the heat that continues in the material after the end of the combustion. In mulberries where there is no drip, it is the process after the flame is drawn.
AGIR METALS [Heavy Metals] Lead, mercury, zinc etc. environmentally hazardous metals such as.
GRAVITY FLOW The fluid flow in the treatment and water supply system with pipes located at a certain minimum incline to allow continuous flow at maximum speed to prevent wear and overpressure.
Agglomeration: It is the agglomeration of the same or different elements or compounds. For example, in the drying of a powdery substance, moist (or sticky) particles that collide due to turbulence stick together to form larger grains; that is, they become agglomerates. Agglomeration processes are diverse, such as; such as drop and surface agglomerations. In the drip method, powder particles are moistened with very finely sprayed liquid droplets. In the surface method, humidification is done with steam or hot humid air. There are various agglomeration processes applied in the production of powder and granule materials in the food, chemical, paint and pharmaceutical industries.
Aggregates: They are generally unprocessed, solid materials of mineral origin used in composite molding. It is used in flooring production and surface hardening processes.
HEAVY GRAM BOTTLES: Bottles are inflated from parizon to a smaller capacity shape accordingly. The result is a larger bottle with a larger wall thickness because more plastic is used for a smaller bottle shape.
MOUTH: The opening in the top of the bottle or jar.
MOUTH: reverse side of the spine in the book
AI [Active ingredient] Active ingredient.
AIR BLOCK: It is the situation where the possible air accumulation at the peaks of the pipelines narrows the pipe cross section and makes the flow difficult.
AKIFER [Aquifer] Porous soil or geological formation that allows water to travel very long distances, transmitting underground waters to springs and wells.
CURRENT BRIDGE: These are metallic bonds that enable the transmission of the protection current by eliminating the effect of the resistances formed at the joints and joints of the pipe. (Interest: Cathodic Protection)
CURRENT DENSITY: It is the current intensity per unit surface. (Its unit is A / m².)
Fluidized bed A solid bed of fine particles, through which air or a gas is blown. The control of blown air or gas is intended to make the solid behave like a liquid.
Fluidized bed combustion Burning of liquid fuel or small coal in a fluidized bed. Since this process enables combustion at lower temperatures, it causes less nitrogen oxide production, and with the addition of limestone to the process, it eliminates the possibility of sulfur oxides to be discharged into the atmosphere by not forming in the bed trace.
Viscosity The feature that determines the flow rate of liquid.
FLOW RANGE: Actual velocity or velocity of fluid motion.
FLOW COMPUTER: It is the equipment that is equipped in the Measurement Lines to determine the delivered natural gas flow amount and determines the flow rate by using the pressure, differential pressure, flow rate, temperature and gas analysis data detected in these lines.
FLOW PIPE: It is the pipe that carries water from a heat source in a circulating water system.
FLOW REGULATOR: It is an in-pipe mechanism that makes the flow laminar before the measurement line.
FLOW REGULATOR: It is a perforated pipe equipment used to ensure homogeneous distribution of the flow passing over the flow meter.
Flow Line: It is the trace that appears on the line where the resin injected at two points during molding meets in the mold. It is also referred to as the "junction point" or the "source line".
Flow Traces: It expresses the wavy surface appearance of a product molded with thermoplastic resin. It is due to the resin not flowing properly in the mold.
FLOW AMOUNT: It is the instantaneous natural gas flow rate.
Flow: The movement of the resin under pressure to fill all the cavities of a mold.
Fluid Injection: It is the flow of oil into the production well by injecting gas or liquids into a reservoir.
Fluid Coke: It is created by spraying the residue on the hot coke particles; It has high sulfur, low volatility, poor crystallinity and poor grinding feature.
Fluidized Bed: fluidized bed; The catalyst is in powder form with an average size of 60 microns, acting as a liquid while acting on the hydrocarbon mixture.
Fluidity: It is the resistance of the viscosity material against flowing. MFR is the amount of material flowing under defined conditions in terms of weight, MFI and MFR are the same concepts. MVR is the expression of the amount of material flowing in terms of volume.
FLOWMETER: A device used to measure the flow or quantity of a moving fluid.
AKİFER: They are layers that contain groundwater and can easily transmit them.
Yield Strength: It is the stress at the yield point. It refers to the moment when the stress on the material deviates according to the stress / strain ratio.
Yield Stress: The stress at which the plasticity of the plastic material is deformed (deteriorated).
Yield Point: The point where permanent deformation begins in a material under tension. Only materials with flow properties have a "Pour Point". Beyond the point that leads to the constant degradation of the applied substance. It is the lowest temperature at which an oil or base oil can flow when cooled under specified conditions; The pour point of an oil is considered to be the temperature 3 ° C above the temperature at which it cannot flow.
Pour Point Reducer: Additive used to lower the pour point of a petroleum product.
Yield Limit: The strength of the material in the event that it undergoes a limited and permanent deformation or subjected to a specified total elongation by applying a certain tensile force. Permanent deformation is generally accepted as 0.2% of the total elongation at rupture.
Acrylic: It is a thermoplastic polymer produced by polymerization of acrylic acid ester and its derivatives.
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS): It is obtained from three different monomers; acrylonitrile, styrene and butadiene. Styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) co-polymers are formed from butadiene, polybutadiene, styrene and acrylonitrile. Polybutadiene (C = C has double bonds) acts as a skeletal chain; SAN chains are placed on this skeleton.
AKS: Pipeline junction points.
[Activated sludge process] Aerobic biological treatment process used in wastewater treatment plants.
ACTIVE CARBON [Activated carbon] is the substance used in the adsorption process to remove odors and toxic substances from industrial flue gases.
Activated Sludge: Activated sludge is one of the biological treatment processes of domestic waste water (including sewage waste water). In the process, biological flocs (clumps) are created by pumping air or oxygen into the waste water; they degrade and break down organic matter in wastewater. In all activated sludge systems, the wastewater is treated with oxygen sufficiently and the mixture is taken into a settling tank, the upper part of the tank is re-treated and discarded as clean water. The settled part is sludge, part of it is given to the aeration tank and inoculated into the new raw wastewater and air mixture coming into the tank. The sludge remaining in the tank is discarded after necessary procedures.
Activated Carbon: Activated carbon is very small carbon clusters stacked on top of each other; Their crystallinity is high. Carbonaceous materials (pistachio shells, coconut shell, coal, etc.) are first heated in an airless environment to increase the carbon concentration, then they are activated by giving oxidizing gases at very high temperatures; The activation process enables carbon to become porous and thus gain adsorption properties. The pore volume and structure depends on the raw material used and the activation technique.
ACOUSTIC ENVIRONMENT [Acoustical environment] Environment that emits a certain sound source.
Acoustic Emission / Sound Propagation: It is a test method applied to a material under tension. With sound wave propagation, it is measured whether the defined material can preserve its integrity and whether there are any cracks.
Accumulation: The amount of oil (or gas) in the reservoir rock in an oil or gas field; or defines the amount of movable (portable) oil.
Alloy / Mixture: It is a mixture of one or more polymers. It is more of a mechanical mixture than chemical bonding.
Alloy: It is the blending of polymer or copolymer with other polymers or elastomers under selected conditions in plastics.
ALLOY STEEL PIPE: It is a pipe made of alloy steel material. Alloy steels are steels that exceed the rates specified in plain carbon steels in their composition and / or incorporate one or more of the other alloying elements into its structure for special purposes. Steels that do not exceed 5% of the total alloying elements in the composition are called low alloy steels, and those exceeding 5% are called high alloy steels. (Reference: Plain Carbon Steel Pipe)
ALBEDO [Albedo] Percentage of the earth reflecting sunlight. A measure of the reflective quality of solids in an airborne sample.
LOW LANDS [Bottom lands] Land adjacent to and slightly higher than a river channel.
ALD [Approximate lethal dose] Approximate lethal dose.
ALDRIN [Aldrin] Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide, especially effective against DDT resistant pests.
ALLERGY SUBSTANCES [Allergenics] Allergenic substances.
Flame Retardants: They are chemical additives used to reduce the burning tendency of the resin.
Flash Point: The lowest temperature in a petroleum product at which the vapor-air mixture on the surface of the liquid produces a flame, but sufficient vapor is generated that does not cause combustion. It is the temperature at which an oil heated under specified conditions creates a gas + air mixture that can burn suddenly in a small flame contact.
ALPHA RADIATION [Alpha radiation] Radiation with a relatively low penetration power. See. Beta radiation, Gamma radiation.
RECEIVER [Receptor] Animate or inanimate object exposed to certain risks from pollution.
Receiving waters [Receiving waters] Water formations into which liquid or solid contaminants are discharged after processing.
BOTTOM MELTED PE CONNECTION: It is the process of making the jointed mouth parts ready for welding by heating them up to the melting point in order to combine PE (Polyethylene) pipes with each other or with fittings and welding by pressing against each other under pressure.
QUOTE [Borrow] Material dug up from one place (area) to be used as fill material in another area.
Acclimatization The process of a living organism acclimating or becoming resistant to a new environment.
Alkyd: Alkyd coatings are a polyester coating group; They are complex thermoset polyesters obtained by the condensation of polyhydric alcohols (eg glycerin) and polybasic acids (eg maleic acid).
Alkyl Benzenes: Alkylbenzenes are a class of compounds with alkyl groups attached to the benzene ring. These compounds are defined by various names according to the structure of the group; such as linear alkyl benzene (LAB), branched alkyl benzene (DDB, dodecyl benzene), high molecular weight alkyl benzene (heavy alkylate), low molecular weight alkyl benzene (light alkylate), etc. The low-temperature flow properties and additive solubility of these materials are very good, viscosity indexes of about 50 for linear molecules and zero or less for branched ones.
Alkyl: Monovalent radicals with general formula CnH2n + 1, formed by the removal of a hydrogen atom from aliphatic hydrocarbons; such as the methyl (CH3) radical produced from methane (CH4).
Alkylation: These are reactions of adding an alkyl group to an organic molecule; It is generally applied in order to obtain a higher molecular weight isoparaffin as a result of the reaction of an olefin (eg isobutylene) with an isoparaffin (eg isobutane) with an acidic catalyst.
Alkylate: The product obtained from the alkylation process; For example, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane produced by the reaction of isobutylene and isobutane is an alkylate. Alkylates are gasoline compounds with high octane number and low reid vapor pressure, they can be mixed with all types of gasoline to increase the octane number.
ALCOHOL: Volatile liquid substance used to increase quality in printing
LOWER THERMAL VALUE: It defines the effective thermal value released as a result of combustion. (Interest: Upper Calorific Value)
LOWER EXPLOSION LIMIT (APS): It is the lowest gas mixture ratio that will cause an explosion when gas is mixed with air. For natural gas, this rate (depending on its composition) is 4.5%. The Lower Explosion Limit is shown in natural gas leakage meters as Low Explosion Limit LEL. If there is 0% gas, LEL = 0, if there is 4.5% gas, LEL = 100%. (Attention: Upper Explosion Limit)
INFRASTRUCTURE: Sewerage, water, electricity, telephone, etc. installed underground in avenues or streets to supply basic needs in residential areas. It is the name given to all investments. Natural gas lines are also covered by this definition.
Aluminum foil: It is one of the best barrier materials against water vapor and gases. During laminations using aluminum foil, disturbances later cause the foil to tear. It is completely non-toxic. It is the material that is allowed to come into direct contact with foodstuffs in the world.
Packaging: It is a suitable packaging unit for unraveling, transporting, storing, selling and using products such as yarn, roving, etc.
AMERICAN BRISTOL PAPER: It is generally coated on one side or double-sided paper. Bristol, on it, suitable for working with ink, high-quality, printing-suitable slippery paper pressed, mostly used as book cover, box, etc. cardboard.
AMERICAN SKIN: It is a form of binding that is joined without sewing the jerseys and connected with glue applied to the spine of the book. The jerseys are cut from four sides and glued together on the backs with plastic glue. It is possible to strengthen the back surface with cheesecloth or wire. Paperback binding systems have been developed except for products that must be used every day of the year such as books or diaries that need to be used for a long time. This system is defined as the American Skin type in our country. In the American binding machine, the back part of the blended forms is shaved with special knurled knives, this section is pressed with glue and a cover attached. Today, it is preferred in high circulation products (novels, stories, textbooks, etc.) because of its economical and fast speed. It should not be preferred for binding glossy papers.
Amide: Organic compounds with a carbonyl group attached to nitrogen.
Amine Treating (Processing): In the process of removing acidic impurities from the sour gas and hydrocarbon flows; Gas and hydrocarbon streams containing carbon dioxide and / or hydrogen sulfide are removed by absorption with amine solutions (eg MEA, DEA, MDEA).
Amino Resin: Thermoset resins produced from amino compound and formaldehyde; melamine-formaldehyde resins and urea-formaldehyde resins.
AMMONIA [Ammonia] A toxic, irritating gas used in industrial processes and fertilizer production.
Ammonification The reduction of nitrates and nitrites by bacteria to ammonium compounds.
AMMONIAGER BACTERIA [Ammonifying bacteria] Bacteria that release ammonia in wastewater or solid wastes.
Amorphous (irregular): semi-crystalline
MAIN EXIT POINT: It is the station outlet valve for the owners and operation of the Natural Gas Stations, which are directly connected to the Main Transmission Network and where pressure reduction and measurement functions are performed, and for those that do not belong to the Transporter, it is the Export Exit Point of the isolated flange on the inlet side of the station inlet valve.
MAIN TRANSMISSION NETWORK: These are the pipelines in the Transmission Network with a maximum operating pressure of 75 bar and above.
MAIN CHANNEL [Main sewer] The lagim channel that acts as a collector for a large area.
MAIN SHUT-OFF VALVE: It is the natural gas valve placed at the entrance of the building and at the end of the building connection line, which is used to completely cut off the gas used in multi-storey or detached buildings and non-industrial buildings such as hospitals and schools in case of an emergency or for repairs.
MAIN MEMBRANE: It is a part of the gas regulator that provides the movement of the valve in the closing and opening directions in order to obtain a constant outlet pressure at variable inlet pressures.
MAIN FAUCET: It is a faucet that works by the rotation of a hole or threaded plug, used to stop the main feed flow and left in the normally open position.
MAIN MEASUREMENT STATION (A.Ö.İ.): These are the stations where natural gas is measured and received. MAIN NETWORK LINE: These are steel lines of various diameters that take natural gas from the exit of the city-entrance stations to the entrance of the Zone Regulator and have a maximum operating pressure of 25 bars.
ANAEROBIK [Anaerobic] Organism capable of living and growing under conditions where free oxygen is not available; conditions in which free oxygen is not available.
ANAEROBIC DISCRIMINATION [Anaerobic decomposition] Separation of organic materials by microorganisms operating in conditions where air is not available.
ANAEROBIC DEGESTION [Anaerobic digestion] The process of treating waste water with high organic load under airless conditions. The process of removing the stench of some organic wastes to allow them to be used in agricultural soil.
Anaerobic Bacteria (Anaerobes): They are living or active microorganisms that occur in oxygen-free environments.
Anaerobic Degradation: It is the breakdown of molecules into smaller molecules or atoms by microorganisms that maintain their lives partially or completely in oxygen-free environments.
ANC [Acid-neutralizing capacity] Acid neutralizing capacity.
ANHIDRIK [Anhydrous] Suzus.
INSTANT PRESSURE VALVE: It is the device that prevents the rupture of the main membrane or the regulator from being out of service by discharging the sudden pressure fluctuations that occur in the regulator to the outer atmosphere or the discharge line. (Interest: Regulator)
Aniline dye: It is an organic dye obtained from coal ether. Used in flexo printing.
Aniline Point: It is the lowest temperature at which a mixture of equal volumes of aniline and oil passes into a single phase, that is, completely dissolves into each other. The test provides information on the amount of paraffinic hydrocarbons in the oil; high temperatures indicate high paraffinic compounds. Aniline point test is used to calculate the diesel index value.
Anilox roller: Tram roller. The anilox roller, whose task is to transfer the ink from the chamber roller to the printing roller, is made of chrome or ceramic coated metal and has laser engraved pores with equal depth.
Anisotropic Laminate: Showing different properties in different directions
Anisotropic: It is the ability to show different properties when tested along axes of different directions.
Anisotropic: As the thermoplastic materials cool, the chains enter a certain order. These regular regions where the chains are intertwined with each other are called crystal regions. Amorphous materials are those that cannot form this structure, that is, they cannot crystallize and remain dispersed. Anisotropy is that the values in the flow direction of the material differ according to the other axis. Properties in isotropic materials are independent of plastic internal orientation.
ANM Acrylester acrylonitrile
RATED PRESSURE: It is the approximate, rounded pressure that lines or equipment can carry or withstand, providing ease of use in classifying pipeline or pipeline equipment according to their pressure.
RATED DIAMETER: It is the rounded value to a numerical value close to the outer diameter of the pipe in order to provide ease of use while classifying pipes according to their diameters.
RATED WALL THICKNESS: It is the rounded value of the pipe wall thickness used or calculated in the projecting of pipelines in order to provide ease of use.
RATED LOAD: It is the useful energy amount in kcal / h or kwh that a gas device can produce in an hour at its rated pressure. See… Load
ANOXIA [Anoxia] Oxygen deficiency.
ANODE CURRENT CAPACITY: It is the amount of current that one kilogram of anode metal can give. Expressed in ampere * hour. Theoretical current capacity is calculated according to Faraday's law. (Interest: Cathodic Protection)
ANODE BED FILLER MATERIAL: It is a conductive material (graphite, coal dust, etc.) placed around the anode to reduce the electrical resistance of the embedded anode. (Interest: Cathodic Protection)
ANOT: It is the electrode where oxidation reactions occur. In the anode, metal atoms leave their electrons in the electrolytic environment and turn into ions. In other words, it is the electrode where the oxidation reaction occurs. (Interest: Cathodic Protection)
ANSI: American National Standards Institute.
ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT [Antagonistic effect] Inverse synergistic effect. Less effective than each of the components of the component.
ANTIMICROBIIAL [Antimicrobial] Chemical or biological substances that inhibit microbial growth.
Anti Knock (Anti-Knock) Substance: It is an additive added to gasoline in order to increase the octane number.
Antifreeze: It is a water-based coolant used in gasoline and diesel engines or some cooling systems; It is a mixture whose freezing point is below the lowest temperature that the engine will encounter during operation and whose boiling point is above the boiling point of water. The mixture contains additives that protect engine parts from corrosion. Since ethylene glycol has a high boiling point, it has been used in the production of 'continuous antifreeze' since 1937, which has been used in engines in summer and winter. Antifreeze with ethylene glycol is a toxic substance, it is unfavorable to use it as a coolant in areas such as food processing units. In such places, non-toxic propylene glycol antifreezes are used.
Anticline: It is an area with dome-shaped formations with flat rock layers adjacent to it; These types of areas allow the holding of natural gas and oil.
Antioxidant: It is an additive added to the resin in small amounts in order to prevent degradation as a result of oxidizing effects.
ANTIOXIDANT: A kind of chemical that is thrown into plastic resin to prevent or minimize oxidation of plastic.
Antioxidant: (AO) They are compounds that prevent a product from oxidizing in air or in an oxygenated environment; such as acetone-diphenylamine-acetone-amine, N-phenyl b-naphthylamine, 4,4'-dioctyldiphenylamine.
Antioxidant: Chemical additives that protect plastic materials against degradation caused by ambient oxygen.
Antiozonate: Additives that protect polymers from ozone-effective degradation; especially used in diene rubbers. Typical examples are aromatic diamines such as p-phenylene diamine and its derivatives.
ANTISTATIC (NON-STABLE) ACTIVE: It is a chemical applied to the surface of the plastic bottle or mixed with the material from which the bottle is made. Its task is to make the surface of the bottle less sensitive to the accumulation of electrostatic charges that attract and hold dust on the surface of the bottle.
Antistatic Agent: Friction etc. on the surface of the packaging material. These are additives that enable the discharge of the electrical charge due to reasons to be released into the air and the packaging material to hold less dust.
Antistatic Substance: They are surface-modifying additives used to reduce the surface resistance of polyolefins; They prevent the accumulation of electric charge on the polymer surface and thus dust accumulation. A widely used antistatic compound is glycerin monostearate.
Antistatic Agents: These types of materials are materials that make it more conductive when applied to a molding material or the surface of a molded product. Thus, they prevent dust or electrical charge accumulation.
Antistatic: Antistatic materials are chemical agents that are mixed into the plastic material by compound method or then applied to the surface as a coating. It prevents possible static electricity by reducing the surface resistance of the material. Buddha powders
ANTI-SURGE SYSTEM: Surge is the instantaneous reverse flow event in natural gas compressors. It causes power loss, low flow rate, variation from the operating conditions of the compressor and loss of performance. The system is a system that prevents pressure fluctuation by returning the process gas and prevents damage to the compressor.
Anthracite: It is hard, black, shiny charcoal; It has few volatile compounds and very high carbon content. It is often called hard coal.
WAREHOUSE (WAREHOUSE, WAREHOUSE): It is the place where commercial goods coming to customs are placed and protected.
AOM [Active organic matter] Active organic matter
API (AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE): American Petroleum Institute. API-650: It is a document containing technical information about the storage of Flammable-Flammable liquid and gas products and these tanks.
API GRAVITE: API gravity is used according to international agreements. The API value of the water with a density of 1 gr / cc was accepted as 10 and formulated as API = (141.5 / SG) - 131.5.
API Gravity: It is a scale expressing the density of petroleum products.
API: American Petroleum Institute; RY (RD) = relative density
APP: A kind of polymer, which stands for Atactic Poly Propylene and comes out as a by-product in the production of polypropylene. It is used as a raw material in the production of plastomeric bitumen.
APP Atactic poly propylene
Intermediate Strength: It is the ability of a laminate to be removed from the mold and processed without any permanent deterioration before it reaches full hardness.
Intermediate Stop: It is to stop the application of heat or pressure in a mold for a short time and to allow gas to escape from the molding material before the mold is completely closed.
Intermediate Material: In sandwich products, usually in the form of foam or honeycomb, glued between two walls
Intermediate Product: Products obtained while processing a raw material, but reused as part of an end product.
Intersection: The boundary or surface between two different, physically distinguishable media. In laminate, it refers to the contact surface between reinforcement and resin.
INTERMITTENT SCREW THREAD FINISH (C / T): The auger that comes out between the neck of the bottle to hold the screw cap.
Aramid: It is a highly oriented organic material derived from polyamide. However, it contains an aromatic ring structure. It is primarily used as a high strength, high modulus reinforcement fiber. Kevlar and Nomex are examples of aramid fibers.
ARBITRATION (ARBITRATION): Arbitration and mediation in labor disputes.
TREATMENT [Treatment] All processes of cleaning waste water or gases from contaminants.
Aryl: Any organic group formed by the removal of a hydrogen atom from an aromatic hydrocarbon; such as phenyl (C6H5-), which consists of a benzene molecule.
Arc Resistance: It is the ability to withstand high voltage electrical loads. An intermittent intermittent arc can move across a plastic surface without losing surface conductivity over the total time expressed in seconds.
ARC TRACES: These are the marks that occur on the surface of the material as a result of the welder to ignite the electrode on the main material consciously or unconsciously while starting the welding process. These marks can be crack initiation points, especially in critical metals.
BACKGROUND: If the ink on the printed surface does not dry, the second layer on it contaminates the surface of the paper. This term is confused with the fact that a job printed in bold on the front of the paper is visible from the back of the paper.
ARL [Annual release limit] Annual release limit.
Enhanced Oil Production: Defines the various processes applied to increase the amount of oil taken from a reservoir; For example, by injection of a liquid (such as water, surfactants) or gas (such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide).
INCREASE [Accretion] Growth process caused by the addition of various substances with natural effects to the outer surface of the inanimate material.
SUPPLY SOURCE: The place where the natural gas is procured and released to the market.
PRIME GAS (SOY GAS): They are elements that do not exchange electrons and do not tend to combine with other elements because they have a stable electron arrangement.
LIFT: One of the apparatus of the printing machine. It is the printing table where the printing material to be printed is stacked. The printing material must be properly left here.
ASBEST POLLUTION [Asbestos pollution] Asbestos pollution caused by emissions from the cement industry and the wear of brake linings in automobiles.
Asphalt: It is a substance similar to dark brown cement; It is the heaviest bituminous residue left during the refining of oil. It is a by-product obtained from the asphalt removal unit; They are called propane asphalt because they dissolve in propane. (Look. Bitumen)
Asphaltenes (Polyaromatic hydrocarbons): Asphalt compounds soluble in toluene or carbon disulfide, but insoluble in paraffinic naphtha; It has various structures according to the origin of crude oil. (Asphaltene structure in a Venezuelan crude oil residue; INTEVEP SA Tech. Rept., 1992.)
MINIMUM WALL: A term that specifies the minimum wall thickness of a container.
MINIMUM HOURLY DRAWING AMOUNT (Qmin): It refers to the lowest hourly amount that the measuring equipment equipped at the Measurement Station can measure without exceeding the error tolerance within the standards.
MINIMUM DELIVERY PRESSURE: It is the minimum natural gas pressure specified in the STS and that the Transporter is obliged to provide for each outlet point. (STS: Standard Transport Contract).
ACIDOPHILIC [Acidophilic] Living in acidic or acidic conditions.
Corrosion The wear of a substance over time, usually by chemical action. Sulfur oxides and chlorine, fluorine and so on. are compounds.
ABRASION [Abrasion] Abrasion of surfaces for various reasons.
ACID DEPLOSION [Acid deposition] pH reduction and acidification in soil or surface waters with oil that carries more acidity than normal levels. See. ACID RAIN.
ACID RAIN [Acid rain] Acid precipitation caused by emissions of water vapor containing sulfur and nitrogen oxides, mainly from industrial plants, residential heating and automobiles.
Acidification [Acidification] Soil and water pollution by acidic emissions.
ACID CLEANER [Acid pickles] Industrial waste water for cleaning metal surfaces.
ACIDITY PROFILE [Aciditiy profile] A record of changing acidity levels at a given location, showing past trends.
Acid Deposit: Generally defined as 'acid rain'; Sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxides emissions are transformed into acidic compounds in the atmosphere and mixed into the air in dry form or with rain or fog.
Acid Gas: Generally hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide gases.
CLEANING WITH ACID: It is the process of cleaning the substances such as dirt and rust on the surfaces of steel pipes by chemical means. Generally, sulfuric acid H2SO4, hydrochloric acid HCl, phosphoric acid H3PO4 are used for cleaning.
Acid Number: It is a value that defines the acidity of base oils and lubricating oils; SAN = strong acid number, TAN = total acid number.
Acid Treatment: It is a process applied to correct the color, odor and other properties of petroleum products such as gasoline, kerosene and lubricating oil stocks by treating them with sulfuric acid.
Acidification: It is the acid treatment performed in order to increase the production in oil wells.
ACID-FREE PAPER: Paper and paper made from acid-free or low-acid pulp to delay the aging of the print. It also has names such as alkaline paper, pH-balanced permanent paper.
SUSPENDED SOLID [SS = Suspended solids] The term used to refer to solids in water and lagwater, about 1 micron in size or larger, but smaller than, for example, a grain of sand.
Associated Gas: Natural gas in the same reservoir with crude oil; It may be dissolved in petroleum or it can be located like a cap at the top of the reservoir.
Associated Liquids: These are liquid hydrocarbons that are found together with natural gas.
Aspect Ratio: It is the ratio of fiber diameter to fiber length.
Aspirin: Acetylsalicylic acid; It is obtained from very pure acetic anhydride and salicylic acid. The reaction is carried out over concentrated sulfuric acid.
Primer: A water-based or solvent-based liquid material that is applied to the waterproofing cover before waterproofing in order to clean the floor and provide a better adhesion.
PRIMER: It is an adhesive material called primer that is applied to the pipe surface in order to ensure the adhesion of the first bandage to the bare pipe in cold wrap tape application.
ASTM: American Society for Testing Material
Abrasion Preventive: These are additives added to the oil to prevent metal-metal contact in materials operating under high load; such as zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates.
OVER PRESSURE PREVENTION DEVICE: A device or equipment installed to prevent the gas pressure in a pressure vessel, pipeline or distribution system from exceeding a predetermined value.
Atactic Polymer: They are macromolecules or polymers that do not contain a certain order, where the substituents in the repeating units on the main chain are in random configurations.
Horsehead: It is a steel type material in the form of a horsehead; It is located in front of the pump unit beam in oil wells.
WASTE RECOVERY Collection and treatment of waste materials for reuse; Like reprocessing paper, glass, aluminum and plastic.
WASTE Any undesirable liquid, solid, gas or radioactive substance discharged into the environment in an amount that will cause deterioration in the environment.
WASTE GAS FLOW INSURANCE: It is a safety device that is mounted on the waste gas pipe / channel and cuts the gas in cases of strong draft and backlash occurring in the chimney.
WASTE GAS CHIMNEY PRIMING: It is the coating applied to the inner surface of the chimney or the inner surface of the flue gas pipe in order to protect the chimney construction elements against the condensation of the flue gas. There is no need for such protective lining in flue gas pipes made of stainless steel or aluminum.
WASTE GAS CHIMNEY BLOCK ENTRANCE: It is the block that is prepared to be placed in the chimney block before and forms the chimney itself together with other chimney blocks.
WASTE GAS CHIMNEY: It is the chimney that allows the waste gases generated as a result of combustion in gas consumption devices to be discharged into the atmosphere.
WASTE GAS OUTLET PIPE (SMOKE DUCT): It is the flue connection channels with circle, square or rectangular cross-section that provides the connection between the gas consumption device and the chimney.
WASTE GAS: Waste gas is the combustion products in the form of gas that occur as a result of the burning of the fuel and are discharged after benefiting from its useful heat.
WASTE BURNING [Landfill] The most common method of solid, waste disposal, consisting of burying waste between layers of soil; The pit where the waste is buried.
Waste heat Unused heat released into the environment, especially by nuclear power plants.
WASTE STREAM Amount of liquid and solid wastes discharged into the environment and need to be treated.
Waste assimilation The ability of a natural resource to clean itself by absorbing the discharged wastes.
WASTE WATER Liquid waste from residential sewage and sewage water, industrial liquid wastes and flood waters.
WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT Developing and implementing systems for monitoring, treatment and disposal of wastewater in order to protect human health and the environment.
Waste Water: It is the water that comes out of a process (refinery) and must be treated before it is disposed of.
WASTE HANDLING Collection and transport of liquid and solid wastes.
WASTE INCINERATION The process of burning combustible wastes into a harmless residue by controlled incineration. The waste volume is reduced by 80-90 percent in this way.
WASTE LOAD ALLOCATION STUDY [Waste load allocation study] The study conducted to determine the assimilable maximum daily waste load that can be discharged to a stream.
Waste: It refers to any substance that is generated as a result of any activity, thrown or released into the environment.
IDLE CAPACITY: The remaining usable capacity after the capacity sales of the carrier.
Weft: It is glass fiber oriented at right angle to warp in a woven fabric.
ATMOSPHERE BULANIKLIGI (TOZLULUGU) [Atmospheric turbidity; dustiness] Condensed dust particles in the air of a particular place.
Atmospheric pollution rate of pollution caused by gas and particulate matter, which are directly released to the atmosphere or caused by chemical reactions in the atmosphere, mainly as a result of human activities.
Atmosphere: It is a unit of pressure equal to atmospheric pressure; standard atmosphere (international) is equal to 101 325 Pa = 760 mm Hg pressure. Technical atmosphere = kg. force / cm2 (1 kgf / cm²) = 1 Bar (approx).
Atmospheric lapse rate The rate of heat fall caused by the increase in altitude in the lower layer of the atmosphere.
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE: The pressure applied by the gases forming the atmosphere to the unit surface is called "Atmospheric Pressure". Equal to 760 mm mercury column pressure at sea level and 0 C. It is measured with a barometer.
ATOM ENERGY [Atom energy] Energy released during nuclear reaction. Nuclear energy.
Atomic absorption spectrography [AAS = Atomic absorption spectrography] Analysis method that detects metal amounts in a liquid mixture.
Atomization: It is the breaking down of a liquid into very small droplets, usually in the form of a spray.
AU Polyester urethane rubber
MONTH: It is the period that starts at 08:00 on the first day of any calendar month and ends at 08:00 on the first day of the next calendar month.
Release Agent: Any material applied to the mold surface prior to part manufacturing to assist the part to be removed from the mold. These can be waxes, oils or special release coatings such as PVA.
Separator Film: It is a non-adhering waterproof film layer that contacts the resin during curing.
Separator layer: A layer that spreads freely in between to protect the waterproofing membranes from damage caused by materials with different thermal elongation values when placed on them.
Parting Line: The plane at the junction of two die halves.
AYKOME: It is the abbreviated name of the Center established with the law numbered 3030 in order to provide coordination between the Infrastructure Organizations in the places where the Metropolitan Municipality structuring is located.
Mirror: Refers to the region where the molds used in the continuous fiber winding method are connected to the machine.
DISCRIMINATION LINE: It is a part of the internal installation between the consumption line and the device connection line.
Decomposers Decomposing organisms such as bacteria and fungi that cause biological degradation.
REDUCTION [Abatement] The method applied to reduce the pollution level.
PERIOD OF Peak demand [Peak demand period] The period in which a public institution or any system serving the community meets the highest demand for service.
Maximization A protection measure that includes avoiding waste generation and increasing the quantity and quality of production from resources.
MAXIMUM OPERATING PRESSURE: It is the highest permissible gas pressure at which the gas system can be operated safely. Maximum operating pressure; depends on project, design and material properties.
MAXIMUM HOURLY TRACTION AMOUNT (Qmax): It is the maximum hourly amount that the measuring equipment equipped at the Measurement Station can measure without exceeding the error tolerance within the standards. The Maximum Hourly Withdrawal Amount cannot be less than the total maximum hourly withdrawal value specified for that station in the Standard Transport Contracts of the Shippers (Capacity Registration Documents).
MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF HOURS (ASM): It is the maximum amount of natural gas determined in accordance with the Reserved Capacity of the Shipper at an Exit Point and specified in the STS (Standard Transport Contract) to be received by the Shipper at that Exit Point at any time during the day.
AZGELISMIS AREA [Depressed area] The region in economic and physical decline.
NITROGEN JACKET: It is the system operating with nitrogen pressure to ensure the safety of the system when the pressure of the pipeline rises above the normal working pressure.
NITROGEN CYCLE [Nitrogen cycle] The process of assimilation of nitrogen in the atmosphere by plants, then through the soil and returning to the atmosphere. Nitrogen is an important component of proteins and therefore essential for both plants and animals.
NITROGEN OXIDE [Nitric oxide] A pollutant from combustion that becomes toxic when released into the air.
B
LINE B: It is the circulation exit pipeline between tanks.
Phase B: It refers to an intermediate level in the reaction of some thermoset resins. 0 At this stage, when heated, the material softens and is plastic. It shows a meltable property but cannot completely dissolve or melt. The resin in the premixed or uncured prepreg is usually at this level.
B TYPE ZONE REGULATOR: It is the regulator that adjusts the nominal inlet pressure up to 4 bar to a fixed nominal output pressure of 0.1 bar.
TYPE B STATION: It is a natural gas unit in the form of a separate cabin equipped with a regulator, filter and other accessories that reduce the 20 bar connection line gas pressure to the internal line pressure between 2 bar and 4 bar.
Chimney (Flare): When undesirable situations occur in the refinery and its units, it may be necessary to stop suddenly and quickly; Hydrocarbons and gas streams are sent to the chimney to be burned safely.
Stack effluents Gases and suspended particles emitted from industrial chimneys.
CHIMNEY FUME [Plume] Visible smoke emission from the chimney, dispersing into the atmosphere in different ways.
CHIMNEY EFFECT [Chimney effect] Upward movement in gases caused by the change in temperature.
Flue gas [Flue gas] Smoke coming out of chimneys after combustion and containing nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, water vapor, sulfur oxides, particles and many chemical pollutants.
REMOVAL OF FLUE GAS SULFUR [Flue gas desulfurization] Many methods are used. The most common is the limestone / gypsum process in which the gases are washed with a solution of limestone and the resulting sludge is separated and, in some cases, reprocessed to recover its sulfur.
FLUE GAS SENSOR: It is the device that is placed in the flue gas duct or in the flue gas flow fuse in devices with atmospheric burner and automatically cuts the gas of the combustion system in cases such as accumulation, clogging and backlash occurring in the chimney.
Flue Gas: Flue Gas
BACA: It is a vertical or inclined smoke channel that allows the combustion products transmitted from the flue gas channel to be discharged to the outside atmosphere.
RELATIVE DENSITY: It is the density of absolute density relative to another reference substance. The density range of a lesser known substance is easier to understand than a known substance with the concept of relative density. For example, the absolute density of air can be accepted as 1,293 kg / m³, and the absolute density of natural gas (depending on its composition, but in terms of explanation) 0.78 kg / m³. Since the relative density of air with respect to air will be (1,293 / 1,293 = 1), the relative density of natural gas with respect to air; 0.78 / 1.2930 = 0.6.
TOWING HOOKS: These are the hooks on the dorfins to which the ropes of the ship are tied.
LINK SYSTEMS: Imported or the entry or exit points are exported natural gas transmission abroad connected to the network transmission systems, transmission connected in the network to Turkey and a transmission operated by a production company with transmission systems operated by the Company, gathering lines and Tank - but they are Storage Facilities operated by the Company.
CONNECTION AGREEMENT: An agreement between the carrier and those who want to be connected to the Transmission Network.
CONNECTION LINE: These are the steel lines that take the natural gas from the CA type station outlet in the consumption area to the entrance of the B type regulator in the field of the industrial facility and have a maximum operating pressure of 20 bar.
CONNECTION AGREEMENT: It refers to the Connection Agreement between the Transporter and the Storage Company or the Transmission Company.
CONNECTED SYSTEM DELIVERY AGREEMENT: As described in ŞİD, it is the agreement between BOTAŞ and the Storage Company for the delivery of natural gas.
Binder (Binder): It is a chemical compound that keeps the fibers together in the reinforcement materials in the form of felt or preform during the period from manufacturing to molding.
Binder (Finish): It is a coating material prepared as a mixture to be applied to glass fiber and other fibers. It contains chemical components that allow the resin to bond to the fiber more easily and securely.
Binder: Liquid substance that binds ink pigments.
Contingent Resources: It is a subclass of discovered unrecoverable resources; Although they can be technically produced, they still do not produce products because they are not economical.
RELATED TREATMENT: A sale in which the cost of clearing, exported or imported goods, services or technology transfers is partially or completely covered by goods, services, technology transfer or partially foreign currency.
BAHÇELI KENT [Garden city] The main features are the adjacent building layout and the urban development with a green belt around it.
Maintenance bypass: By-pass mechanism designed to allow isolation of the UPS section (s) during maintenance work and / or to provide a constant load power supply. In this case, the load can be fed from the power supply or emergency source.
MAINTENANCE DAYS: The days when the carrier can reduce the amount of natural gas it receives and delivers in the part of the Transmission Network that may be subject to maintenance (up to zero when necessary) due to Scheduled Maintenance.
MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE: It is the Maintenance Program prepared by the Carrier for each Gas Year.
MAINTENANCE: Maintenance, repair, control, connection or renewal in any part of the Transmission Network, as well as the preparation required for these, or all the works required for the re-commissioning of any part of the Transmission Network.
COPPER REGIONS [Wilderness] Lands not reached by human settlements or civilizations. More than a third of the land is still virgin, and the largest of these are in Greenland and Antarctica.
COPPER SULPHATE REFERENCE ELECTRODE: It is an electrode made by immersing pure copper metal in a saturated copper sulphate solution. (Interest: Cathodic Protection)
BACTERIA [Bacteria] Unicellular or filamentous microorganism without chlorophyll; bacteria are of great importance in terms of pollution control since they form in the material that dissociates in the air, soil and sea and help the decomposition process.
Honeycomb: They are sandwich construction intermediate materials produced by forming materials such as resin impregnated sheet material (paper, glass fabric, etc.) or metal foil into rhombic shaped cells.
BALLAST LINE: It is the line that carries the dirty ballast of slop-surge tanks and ships to the tanks on the shore.
Fish Eye: These are bubbles and small holes that appear on the laminate surface. It is caused by reasons such as dirty surface or foreign matter falling on the resin.
Fish kill Mass destruction of large quantities of fish.
Bailing The process of compressing garbage into solid, high-density blocks.
BANQUET [Berm] A man-made terrace that helps stabilize or control drainage from an inclined surface.
Band Width: In the fiber winding process, it is the width of the reinforcing material strip as it is applied to the mandrel.
BAR: A unit of pressure equal to 100 kPascal.
DAM [Dam] A wall, shore or other type of structure to control the flow direction of a river or stream by preventing the natural flow of water.
Barcol Hardness: It is a hardness value obtained by measuring the resistance of a sharp steel point to penetration under spring load. The device defined as "Barcol Impressor" gives "direct reading" between 0 and 100 scales. The hardness value is used to measure the hardness value of a plastic.
BARIYER [Barrier] Factor that prevents the migration or daily movement of biotanes.
Barite: Barium sulfate; BaSO4
BARRIER LAYER: A surface coating that provides resistance to penetration
BARRIER: Protection against deterioration or penetration of moisture and other elements (oxygen or other gases) through the packaging material
Barrel: Barrel; = 42 gallons (US) = 158.9873 liters
PRESSURE REDUCING STATION: It is the facility where the regulator and accessories that keep the output pressure constant even in variable flow rates by reducing the high pressure gas to the desired pressure, and other safety devices.
PRESSURE CONTROL VALVE (PCV): It is the valve that adjusts the maximum operating pressure of the line during the loading and transmission operation of natural gas or crude oil.
PRESSURE MEASURING POINT: It is a connection element placed for the connection of a pressure measuring device.
Pressure, Hydrostatic: The force a fluid exerts on a surface at rest; it increases in parallel with the density of the fluid and the height of the column. The unit is diverse; pound / inch2, like kPa.
Pressure, Water Gauge: It is a pressure unit generally used at very low pressures; 1 inch water gauge = 249.08891 Pa = 0.03613 psig = 2.490 89 millibars
PRESSURE: It is the force acting on a unit area. Commonly used units are: MPa (Mega Pascal), Bar, At (technical atmosphere). (1 Mpa = 10 bar, 1 bar = 1.02at, 1 at = 735.5 mm Hg)
Pressure: Force applied per unit area: given in units of kilo pascals (kPa) or pounds per inch2 (psi). The standard atmospheric pressure at sea level is 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) or 1 atmosphere.
Pressure Molding: It is a molding method in which the material is placed in the opened mold and the material is shaped with the effect of pressure and temperature applied after the mold is closed.
Pressurized Carbon Impregnation: It is a densification process for carbon-carbon composites that includes carbonization and bitumen impregnation under high temperature and isostatic pressure conditions.
Pressure Bag Molding: Pressure bag molding method is used in applications where pressures higher than atmospheric pressure are required. A flexible film is placed on the reinforcement material and resin and adhered to the edge of the mold. A pressure of 3.5 bars applied on the flexible film is applied until the curing is completed.
PRINTING AREA: It is called the net area where the machine can print. It is always smaller than the size of the printable paper.
PRINT PROVISION: It is a method of predicting how a job will look when it is printed. The proof is a sample taken from printing working with real paper, ink sets, and images that will be used in the final reproduction. Today, color proofing can be taken before printing with digital proofing systems.
PRINTING SURFACE PROTECTION: After the binding is finished, books, magazines, brochures, files, etc. It is a process performed to give a beautiful image on such materials and to protect it from external factors. These are cellophane, lacquering and varnish.
PRINTING: All kinds of image transfer made on paper or other materials using film, mold, cliché, etc. Offset printing, Letterpress Printing, Gravure Printing, Flexo Printing, Serigraphy Printing, Digital Printing
PRESSURE VALVE: The sensing line above the deluge valve is filled with pressurized air or water and this keeps the valve in the closed position. If the detection line is pneumatic, compressed air preparation system is connected to this line. If it is hydraulic, water is fed to this line under the deluge valve. Even the sensing elements can be thermostatic sensing and discharge element or closed type sprinkler. In case of a fire risk, the sprinkler opens when the ambient temperature reaches the explosion (or melting) temperature of the sprinkler sensing element (glass tube or molten metal) or opens if the thermostatic sensing element senses that the temperature increase rate is higher than a certain value (15 ° F / min), detection line pressure drops and deluge valve opens.
DIFFERENT VALUE: It is the price written on negotiable documents or other assets, that is, the same as its nominal value.
DEFAULT POINT: The point where there is no profit or loss.
Metamorphic Rock: They are generally formed when sedimentary and volcanic rocks are buried deep enough to be exposed to high temperatures (> 200 0C) and pressures (300 MPa (~ 3000 atm.) And / or they are compressed by large masses as a result of earthquakes. It is one of the rock types collected in the class (volcanic, metaformic and sedimentary) See Rock Cycle.
Initial Modulus: The slope of the load-elongation or load-strain curve seen in the initial stress part.
Initiator: Peroxides are used as the source of free radicals. It is used in the curing of thermoset resins in free radical polymerization, as a crosslinking chemical for elastomers and polyethylene, and also in polymer modification.
APPLICANT: Legal entities holding an Import License and / or a Wholesale License, applying for service procurement from the Storage Company.
BAT [Best available technology] The best available technology.
SWINGING AREA [Bog] The area where water resources are covered with rich organic deposits as a result of intense eutrophication.
SWITCH GAS [Marsh gas] Gas from swamps and peatlands (mainly methane).
SWACKS [Marshes] Land-water areas that are covered by estuary and coastal waters for at least a certain period of time.
Sinking Oil spill inspection process; This process includes sand, chalk, processed fly ash, cement powder, etc. It is carried out by physically submerging the oil by using it.
BATYAL [Bathyal] It is about the deepest layer of lakes and oceans. BDL [Below detection limit] Below detection limit.
Base Oil (Base Oil, Base Stock): It is a mixture of hydrocarbons produced from distillate or residue; It is produced in different viscosity ranges starting from the thinnest (lowest viscosity) spindle oil to the thickest base cylinder stocks. It contains structurally long chain (20-50 carbon atoms) alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons, the boiling range increases starting from 300 ° C.
Base Number: Neutralization Number.
BBLS (BARREL): American Standard Oil Company blue barrel unit is used as a measure of volume according to the international agreement in order to ensure the trade of crude oil in the world easily. Blue barrel (1 bbl) equals 159 liters (42 gallons) in volume.
Bcf (billion feet3): Gas is a unit of measure; It is equal to 1 trillion (1 000 000 000 000) Btu.
BDI (RMS) STATION: It is the station where pressure reduction and measurement processes are performed.
BEDEL-İ FERA: It is a legal term meaning transfer fee.
BEKLETME BASIN [Detention basin] Pool or reservoir to contain flood water in a controlled manner to prevent flooding.
HOLDING TIME [Detention period] Average retention period of a unit volume of liquid or gas in a tank or room during the flow process.
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE Solid wastes of residences and businesses in urban areas, including sewage sludge.
INDICATOR SPECIES [Indicator species] Species in an ecosystem, being particularly sensitive to minor environmental changes, providing information on environmental conditions and early warnings about environmental hazards. An example of this is seafood; The intensive growth of sea lettuce in water is a sign of the eutrophication process.
BENTOS [Benhtos] Animal and plant life living or occurring in the seabed area. BENZENE [Benzene] Cancer-causing industrial solvent.
ANALOGY; SIMULATION [Simulation] Testing a natural process under laboratory conditions or using a computer model.
Analogous Reservoir: Analogous reservoirs are formed in the same geographic area or under very similar geological conditions; They have similar geological age, reservoir rock and fluid properties.
BENZIPIREN A carcinogenic hydrocarbon found in coal and cigarette smoke.
Gasoline, Pyrolysis: It is a by-product formed while obtaining ethylene by steam cracking of hydrocarbon fractions such as naphtha or gas oil.
Gasoline, Srtaight Run: Gasoline produced by the first distillation of crude oil; It does not contain gasoline components that can be obtained through cracking, reforming, polymerization, alkylation or visbreaking processes.
Gasoline, Aircraft: Gasoline specially prepared for aircraft engines, also called Avgaz; Their octane number is very high, their stability and volatility are high, and their freezing point is low.
Gasoline: It is a mixture of naphtha and some refinery products with sufficiently high octane and other special characteristics; It is used as a fuel in internal combustion engines. There are various types of gasoline; such as conventional gasoline, unleaded gasoline (1973), oxygenated gasoline (1990), reformed gasoline (1992). Reformulated gasoline is also produced in varying degrees depending on the octane number; regular (regular) gasoline, high octane (midgrade) gasoline, super (premium) gasoline
BERILYUM (Beryllium) A metallic element that has harmful effects on humans.
Clarification: It is a process applied in wastewater treatment; Among the undissolved substances in the wastewater entering the clarification tank, those with high density settle, while the low density ones rise to the surface. Floating matter is collected by a skimmer.
BERTH: It is the anchoring-leaning place of ships.
BESIN AGI [Food web] Sequence of food chains in mutual link.
NUTRITION BUDGET [Nutrient budget] An estimate to determine the amount of essential mineral nutrients intake or lost in terms of a particular living system.
NUTRITION REMOVAL [Nutrient stripping] Third-degree treatment to slow down eutrophication in intake waters or to reuse waste water
FOOD CHAIN [Food chain] A chain of organisms through which each ring feeds on the previous one and provides energy, while transferring nutrients and energy to the next.
NUTRITION CHAIN STAGE [Trophic level] The place of an animal in the food chain.
NUTRIENTS [Nutrients] Substances necessary for the growth of plants and animals.
Feeding (Raw Material): Raw material or materials that are stocked to charge a process unit. For example, crude oil, natural gas or natural gas liquids supplied to a refinery or petrochemical plants; or refined intermediates or petrochemicals introduced into other processes.
BETA RADIATION [Beta radiation] Negative electron radiation at high speed.
WHITE TURNOVER: The turnover made is white turnover if the person or organization with which turnover is not specified in the signature attached to the back and alonge of a bills of exchange.
Horsepower: It is a unit of power; 1 horsepower = 745.7 watts
CLOTH FILTER [Fabric filter] A device made of fabric, similar to a household vacuum cleaner bag, that holds dust and particles from industrial emissions.
KNIFE: The machine used to cut the paper by dimensioning (Guillotine). A cutting template consisting of sharp steel pieces nailed to a wooden base, usually shaped by laser engraving, used for special cut materials.
BIDON [Skip] Large waste container, container.
BIIR Bromo-isobutene-isoprene rubber
BIL (BOTAS International Ltd. Sti.) Turkey's oil, to ensure the fulfillment of the natural gas and LNG needs, engage in international activities on issues related to these issues, foreign oil and to carry out natural gas trading and procedures were carried out to establish the company on this issue if necessary is a company that was established in 1996 to participate in established companies and to carry out similar activities.
BUILDING CONNECTION [House connection] The term used for sewage pipes that convey waste water from a building to a line located on the street.
UNIT PROPERTY [Condominium] Individual property in a multi-unit structure.
PRIMARY AIR POLLUTANTS [Primary air pollutants] Air pollutants released directly into the atmosphere.
PRIMARY TREATMENT [Primary treatment] The most common form of treatment of untreated sewage water: pretreatment where coarse and solids are separated.
COMBINED HEAT AND POWER [CHP = Combined heat and power] Combined generation of electricity and heat. The term is used within power plants using waste heat or air.
COMBINED SEWERAGE [Combined sewer] A single sewer system for collecting wastewater and stormwater.
COMBINED DISPOSAL [Codisposal] A co-disposal method of sludge cavity and solid waste through an integrated process that usually requires combustion.
COMBINED PRODUCTION [Cogeneration] The use of waste heat generated in electricity generation in heating, cooling and waste water treatment.
Integrated pest management method for controlling the spread of harmful organisms by combining biological, cultural and chemical approaches. In particular, it is used to combat organisms that have acquired resistance to at least one chemical drug.
HERB KILLER [Herbicide] A chemical agent used as a herbicide and defoliator.
BIYOACUMULATION [Bioaccumulation] Biodegradation.
DOES NOT BIOPROOFABLE [Nonbiodegradable] Organic matter that bacteria cannot separate.
BIYODENEME [Bioassay] Testing the quality and potency of potentially toxic compounds under laboratory conditions by observing their interactions with standard test organisms.
BIYOENERJETIK [Bioenergetics] The study of energy transfer between plants and animals, plants and plants, animals and animals.
BIYOIZLEM [Biomonitoring] Monitoring of changes in the biological status of a natural environment in order to assess differences in plant and animal life in a potentially harmful situation.
BIYOJEOCHEMICAL CYCLE [Biogeochemical cycling] The cycle of chemical elements between the physical environment and organisms.
REQUIREMENT OF BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN [BOD = Biochemical oxygen demand] The expression used as a measure of organic pollution. The amount of oxygen required per unit volume of water by the microorganisms that perform this process for complete separation of organic substances in a water or wastewater by biochemical processes. It is also used to measure the efficiency of domestic wastewater treatment processes.
BIOMASS [Biomass] The total mass or quantity of living organisms in a given area or volume.
BIOMASS ENERGY [Biomass energy] Energy produced from organic materials such as organic wastes in a biomass, plants or trees.
BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT [Biological treatment] Treatment of waste water by using microorganisms.
BIOLOGICAL GROWTH (YÜKSELME) [Biological magnification] The accumulation of increasing amounts of substances at the successive levels of the food chain.
Biological diversity The number of types of organisms per unit of area or volume; the combination of species in a particular place at a given time.
BIOLOGICAL BALANCE [Biological balance] The balance between animals and plants, plants and plants, and between animals and animals.
BIOLOGICAL SHIELD [Biological shield] Protective shield or thick concrete wall built around the core of the nuclear reactor to absorb (cool) neutrons and gamma radiation to protect the personnel and environment of a nuclear reactor.
BIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL [Biotic potential] The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce.
BIOLOGICAL OIL SPILL INSPECTION [Biological oil spill control] Process of using bacterial cultures to separate layers of oil in water.
BIYOM [Biome] A complex community of all living organisms in a particular natural environment and climate.
BIYOMETRI [Biometry] Application of statistical methods in the investigation of biological problems.
BIOSPHERE [Biosphere] The field that contains all parts of the source of life of our planet and its atmosphere.
BIOSIDES [Biocides] Chemical substances capable of killing organisms; sterilizers.
BIYOTA [Biota] The whole of plant and animal life in a particular region or environment.
BIOTIK [Biotic] It is about plants, animals and microorganisms in an environment.
Bioconcentration factor A measure expressing the level of accumulation of some chemical substances in organisms. Generally, these chemicals are increasingly present in the food chain. Example: DDT.
BILA FEE: Free means free.
Composition: It is a product obtained by adding ingredients such as filler, softener, plasticizer, reinforcement, catalyst, pigment or paint to a polymer and mixing them homogeneously. A thermoplastic composition; a thermoset composition, while pigments, foamers, etc. require the post-addition of certain substances; It contains all the necessary entries for the final product.
Known Accumulation: The term accumulation defines a movable body of oil; known accumulation means reserves that can be entered with a well.
Known Oil Quantity: Total production + Remaining Reserve (specified in the database); The known quantity of oil is also called the estimated total producible (or final) quantity.
Ball pressure test: It is the control of whether the material continues under heat and pressure and it is the measurement of the deformation that occurs. The part must provide a minimum of 125 degrees.
Ball hardness: It is the method of determining the hardness of plastic under a certain load using a ball of defined dimensions. It is the amount of sinking resulting from the application of 358 Newton force for 30 seconds and it is expressed in N / mm2.
BUILDING CONNECTION LINE: It is the line between the service regulator or the metal-plastic connection element (low pressure network) at the end of the service line and the Main Shut-Off Valve at the entrance of the building.
BUILDING GAS INSTALLATION: All gas pipes from the service box at the entrance of the building to the gas devices of the subscriber, waste (burnt) gas outlet pipe, ventilation systems, gas safety devices and chimneys.
Overlapped joint: The part where the waterproofing membranes placed one after the other (longitudinally) and side by side (transverse) are overlapped and adhered to form a waterproof layer. Longitudinal overlays should be 15 cm and transverse overlays should be 10 cm.
Binuclear Aromatic hydrocarbons: They are compounds that contain two benzene rings in their molecules.
DEPLOYMENT (SUMP): It is the accumulation of insoluble materials in the dissolved rock in the lower part of the cavern during the dissolution process carried out in caverns.
UNIT PIT: A single pit mold that is generally used as a pilot in production
FIRST CLASS AREA (A): These are the places with a maximum of six buildings in the area of 1 km long on the pipeline route and 200 meters wide from the axis of the pipeline, mostly in the desert, mountain, grassland, sea zone where settlement is very sparse. (Ref: Site Class)
FIRST CLASS LEAK: It is a leak that is or is likely to cause harm to persons and the environment. These leaks must be rectified immediately or brought into a condition that does not cause any harm. (Interest: Gas Leakage Class)
Primary Recovery: It is the first stage in which oil is extracted from a well; The oil comes out of the well under its own natural pressure, partly by artificial pumping.
PRIMARY RADIATION: It is the name given to the radiation emitted directly from the radiation source.
COMBINED GAS: It is the gas found in molten and / or layers in oil reservoirs as well as crude oil.
Bicycloparaffins: are compounds with more than two saturated rings joined by two neighboring carbons.
Bismaleimide: It is a type of polyimide resin that is cured by addition reaction instead of condensation reaction. Thus, formation of volatile organics is prevented during hardening.
Bit (Drill): It is a cutting or drilling element used in drilling wells such as oil and gas wells.
FINISH (PLASTIC): The plastic that forms the opening of a bottle and contains its special cap. It is the part of the neck that contains the gears, nails or bearing and sealing surface on which the cap fits.
FINISHED SIZE: The size of a printed material to be used
Bitum (Asphalt): It is a black, non-crystalline, viscous, semi-solid substance obtained from distillation or extraction, which softens when heated. It consists of hydrocarbons, dissolves in carbon disulfide. Although asphalt is obtained as residue in the refining of oil, it is also naturally found, usually dark brown or black in color.
Bitumen (bitumen): It is a hydrocarbon compound obtained by natural precipitation of crude oil or by distillation in refineries, which can be found in solid, semi-solid or liquid states with a color varying from dark brown to black. It is generally classified according to the penetration value.
Biodegradable: Substances that can be broken down by bacteria or other natural compounds.
Biodiesel: It is a diesel engine fuel that has started to be produced as an alternative to petroleum-based diesel fuel; Its most important advantage is that it is a renewable energy source. Generally, the term 'biodiesel' covers a large number of products derived from vegetable or animal oils.
BIOGAS: It is the usable gas produced from organic wastes.
Biogas: It is the gas formed by the anaerobic decomposition of organic materials in terrestrial areas; In its composition, approximately depending on the composition of organic substances; It contains 40-70% methane, 30-60% carbon dioxide, 0-3% hydrogen sulfide, and very little nitrogen and hydrogen.
Biogenic Methane: Methane formed by the chemical breakdown of organic substances by microorganisms called methanogens; For example, simple organic acids such as acetic acid are converted to methane by fermentation by methanogenic bacteria.
Biomass: Substances of biological origin, including organic substances that live and die underground and above; For example, trees and debris, crops, grasses, straw, and dried grass, roots, animal remains and animal waste.
Biosphere: Part of the earth (and its atmosphere that provides life); It is part of the global carbon cycle, which includes biogenic organic substances and living organisms.
Biofuels: Some fuels used in energy production; like wood, waste and alcohol.
Black Oiller: It is a general term given to heavy and dark colored petroleum products such as heavy diesel oil, fuel oil and some cylinder stocks.
BLANKET: It is the material attached to the blanket boiler to ensure that the image to be printed is transferred to the printing material.
Block Copolymer: They are copolymers formed by sequencing of structurally different groups in blocks; One type of blocks may be derived from M1 and the other M2 monomers.
BLUE STREAM: Blue Stream is the means, via the Black Sea port of Samsun entry is the name of the Russian gas pipeline project from Turkey.
BMC (Ready Molding Compound): Thermoset resins; They are viscous compositions in ready-made paste form, obtained by mixing materials such as chopped fiber reinforcement, filling material, etc., molded by press and injection molding techniques.
BMC: Bulk Molding Compound (moist polyester)
BMCI: US Bureau of Mines Correlation Index; it is a value used to classify crude oil as paraffinic, naphthenic, mixed or aromatic; 0 for paraffins and 100 for benzene.
BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand): Biological oxygen demand; defines the amount of oxygen consumed by bacteria that biodegrade organic matter in wastewater, mg O2 / L
BOD [Biochemical oxygen demand] Biochemical oxygen demand. BOP [Blow -out preventer] Leak preventer.
BON: Bi-directional oriented nylon (PA) film. Oxygen and odor prevention (barrier) properties are excellent, but poor water vapor prevention. BON film is more durable than cast nylon (CAN) film, but cannot be thermoformed.
BEAD: The collar of the plastic on which the cap below the neck area sits.
Boron Fiber: It is a fiber produced in the form of condensation of pure boron element, usually on tungsten filament, giving strength and rigidity.
PIPE - GROUND POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE: It is the measured potential of the pipe buried under the ground against the saturated copper-copper sulphate reference electrode. The value measured without applying external current to the pipe is called open circuit pipe-ground potential, the value measured by applying external current is called open circuit pipe - ground potential, and the value measured by applying external current is called closed circuit pipe - ground potential. (Interest: Cathodic Protection)
PIPE CURRENT: It is a direct current passing through a cathodic protected pipe metal. (Interest: Cathodic Protection)
Pipe Connection Element: Refers to the parts that allow pipes such as couplings, nipples, elbows, flanges to be connected to each other or to the system.
PIPE OUTLET TREATMENT [End-of-pipe treatment] Treatment plant used at the end of the emission pipeline.
PIPE GAS: It is the gas at a certain pressure in the transmission and distribution network.
PIPELINE [Pipeline] Pipeline network with pumping equipment, valves and other machinery that transports different substances over long distances.
PIPELINE CAPACITY: It is the amount of oil or gas that a pipeline can contain in full capacity. In other words, it is the amount of oil or gas that can pass through a pipeline in a given time.
PIPELINE: It is a steel pipe installed underground or submarine through which crude oil or natural gas is transported.
PIPE COATING: It is a cover that insulates the inner and outer surfaces of the pipe against chemical and electro-chemical effects of the environment. (Interest: Cathodic Protection)
PIPE SHEATH: These are pipes or materials used against corrosion in the laying and wall transitions of gas pipelines.
PIPE POTENTIAL: It is the measured potential difference between two pipes buried in the same ground. (Interest: Cathodic Protection)
PIPE CLEANING: It is the process of cleaning the outer surfaces of the pipes from foreign materials before coating. For this cleaning; One of the methods is wire brush and grinding stone, sandblasting with metal or silica sand, chemical cleaning with acids. (Interest: Sandblasting, Acid Cleaning)
PIPE: They are hollow cylindrical elements made of steel or polyethylene material used in the transportation of natural gas and oil.
BOSALTIM [Discharge] Term used for all pollutants released into the environment. Gas discharges are called emission, and liquid discharges are also called effluents.
UNLOADING: It is the process of evacuating pipes and equipment filled with fluid for maintenance, repair, additional connection or other reasons.
Void: An air or gas chamber trapped in a laminate. Porosity is a collection of these small voids.
BOTAŞ TRANSMISSION AND SHIPMENT CONTROL TARIFF: These are the regulations that are determined according to the "Natural Gas Market Tariffs Regulation" and include the prices, terms and conditions of BOTAŞ's natural gas transmission and related services.
BOTAŞ: Pipelines and Petrol Transportation Inc.
PAINT UNIT: Paint unit; It consists of paint reservoir, carrier, donor, crushing and distribution rollers. The task of the rollers is to take the paint from the chamber and thin it and transfer it to the mold evenly and smoothly. The rollers that paint the mold are covered with rubber, while the other rollers are steel or copper-plated.
NECK FINISH: The shape and size of the place of a bottle and jar holding the cap or stopper. Alpha makes continuous threaded necks and Hinge-Guard necks for twist-open caps.
NECK SUPPLEMENT: It is a part of the mold assembly that forms the neck and the end. It is also known as the neck ring.
NECK RING: The part of the molding equipment that forms the end of the bottle.
NECK: The portion where the cross sections of the bottle are reduced to form the end.
LONGITUDINAL PIPE: It is a pipe obtained by joining the plates in the axial direction with a straight line weld seam in pipe manufacturing. (Ref: Welded pipe)
Dimensional stability: It determines the rate of elongation or shortening of the product dimensions according to the first dimension against hot-cold differences. It is related to the carrier type and quality used in the product.
DIMENSIONAL STABILITY: The ability of a substance to retain its shape under given operations or conditions of use.
Dimensional stability: It is the ability to preserve the dimensions and shape of the material under conditions such as temperature and humidity.
Dimensional Stability: It is the ability of a plastic product to maintain its final shape after being molded.
Distorted or non-linear load: When the current / voltage relationship is not linear, the load is not linear. For example: IT hardware using intermittent power supply with capacitive input filter. These loads generate harmonic currents.
DEGRADATION The process of contamination of a natural resource.
BREAKING: In polyethylene pipes (PE), as a result of the pressurized fluid applied to the inner part of the pipe, it is the conditions such as flaring, cracking, tearing, puncture, leakage or sweating in the pipe.
UNDISTROVED AREA Natural areas that have not been altered by human activities.
Decomposition temperature: The temperature at which molecular structures break down and degradation begins.
ZONE HEATING [DH = district heating] A system installed centrally to provide heating for a certain number of dwellings or workplaces.
REGIONAL REGULATOR: It is a pressure reduction station established on the chassis in the cabin or room, established to meet the gas need of a zone or a neighborhood and equipped with safety devices.
ZONING [Zoning] Control of land zoning by dividing it into regions for specific purposes.
BPEO [Best practicable environmental option] Most useful environmental option.
BR Butadiene rubber
BRANCH LINE: See… Separation Line
BRANŞMAN: It is a connection arm.
Breathing: At the beginning of the molding process, the mold allows gas to escape while opening and closing. It can also be defined as degassing.
Bright Stock: High viscosity, fully refined base oil without additives.
Brine: (1) Production Water. (2) It is a type of sedimentary rock found at sea coasts. The layers of sediment formed by the combination of the shells of many sea creatures later turned into layers of rock.
BURNER: It is the device on which or in some cases the ignition flame is continued.
GROSS BETON: It is a bare, smooth surfaced concrete.
GROSS FLOOR AREA [Gross floor area] Total floor area of a building.
BSO [Benzene soluble organics] Organic substances soluble in benzene.
IT arrangement: All parts in an IT layout are ground isolated or connected to ground at a single point by an impedance and electrical wiring connected to ground.
Bubble Cap: Habbe bowls in fractionation column trays; Vapor bubbles emerging from a covered hole are raised upwards through the liquid in the tray and enter the upper hole, where the same bubbling phenomenon is repeated. The heavier compounds flow in liquid form into the tray below, while the lighter continues to rise in vapor form.
BUCURGAT: These are the electric motors similar to the spinning wheel used during the lifting of ship ropes to the pontoons.
STEAM [Vapor] Gaseous state of substances in liquid or solid state at atmospheric heat and pressure.
Vapor Pressure: It is defined as the pressure of the vapor in equilibrium with its liquid at a constant temperature. This pressure does not depend on the amount of vapor and the vapor-liquid ratio, as long as the liquid phase is not exhausted. As the temperature increases, so does the vapor pressure, and when it is equal to the external pressure, the liquid begins to boil.
Vapor stabilizer: The first layer of waterproofing cover that is applied on the thermal insulation with a strip or point bonding method to spread the pressure that will occur during the evaporation of the water generated by the condensation of the water vapor in the thermal insulation layer throughout the roof.
Steam Injection: It is an improved thermal gain technique that reduces the viscosity of crude oil by injecting steam into the oil well and enables more production.
Vapor barrier: The layer that allows the water vapor to pass in the permitted amount calculated in accordance with the TS 825 standard.
Steam Cracking: is a heat cracking process with steam; It is mainly applied to the production of olefins from ethane, propane, naphtha, gas oil and even crude oil, hundreds of chemical reactions occur, most of which go through free radical mechanisms. Basic reactions are initiation reaction, hydrogen release, radical decomposition, radical addition and termination reactions.
Steam Reforming: It is the reaction of hydrocarbons with steam in the presence of a catalyst (for example, nickel-based) at 750-1000 ° C to obtain hydrogen and carbon oxides. Since the reaction is endothermic, heat must be given from the outside.
EVAPORATION POOL [Evaporation pond] Shallow and artificial pond used in Lagim water purification; In this system, large areas of waste are distributed and evaporated.
Evaporation: The transformation of a liquid into its vapor without having to be heated to its boiling point.
TURBIDITY [Turbidity] Very harmful environmental conditions in terms of drinking water quality, caused by substances suspended in water and air, controlling the penetration of sunlight into the environment and the growth levels of plants.
Turbidity Point: The temperature at which turbidity or fogging begins to occur with the separation of wax crystals from the mixture of hydrocarbons (oil) cooled under certain conditions.
Bulk property: Some properties of the mixtures are the average of these properties of the compounds it contains; Properties that follow this rule are called "bulk" properties. The density of a mixture, for example, is a bulk property, that is, the volume average of the densities of each component in the mixture.
Bulk density: Bulk density is the density of the material in the form of transport before molding, while the bulk factor is the density of the molded material divided by the bulk density.
All Oil Found (Total Petroleum Initially-in-place): Defines the estimated amount of oil found in an underground resource; This includes the amount produced.
Bundle: During unwinding of more than one fiber at the same time
Bunker C Fuel: Bunker C, sometimes ASTM Grade No. 6 fuel, and used by some bunker manufacturers for Shell MFO 380 oil and equivalents.
BUSHING: It is a pipe connection element with a pipe thread inside and outside.
Buckling Stress: It is the shear stress that occurs in the cross-sectional area during the buckling process.
Buckling: Bending stress
Wrinkle / Elephant skin: It is a molding defect in the form of wrinkling or folding on the gelcoat outer surface. This problem can also be caused by improper placement of the plastic film in vacuum bag molding.
PLUG: An inlet part designed to narrow the diameter of an orifice.
BUV [Backscattered ultraviolet] Backscattered ultraviolet.
BENDING TEST: See… Bending Test
Bending: It is the damage condition on the structural element, which is characterized as unstable lateral deflection as a result of pressure effect.
Twist: The number of turns made in the axial direction per unit length in a yarn or other textile fiber.
BÜTAN (C4H10): It is a hydrocarbon from alkane group with four carbon atoms in its molecule. Butane is colorless, a humid gas that can burn at normal pressure and temperature. It can also be easily liquefied and transported under pressure. Normal butane; It can be liquefied at -1 ° C and ISO - Butane at -2 ° C (atmospheric pressure).
INTEGRATIVE [Holistic] An approach that emphasizes the organic or functional relationship between parts and wholes and sees a subject as a single system that integrates parts in a relationship of mutual dependency.
Growth theory Theories of urban scientists about settlement, growth and land use models in cities and regions.
By Pass: The bypass line. Side transition.
By Product: Look. Spin off
BY-PASS (JUMP LINE - SIDE PASS): The passage that transfers the gas flow from the upstream zone of the control to the downstream zone in order to be independent of the function of the control.
BYPASS: The sensor of the device and a mass flow controller component that maintains a constant rate of gas flow along the main flow path, dividing the gas flow into each of the fully calibrated flow range. It enables the total flow to be determined by measuring the portion of gas passing through the sensor. Also known as flow divider.
C / O
Phase C: It is the final level at which some thermoset resins become insoluble and insoluble in the reaction.
C (CYAN-MAVİ): Abbreviation used for blue ink in process printing.
CFR Engine (Co-operative Fuel Research Engine): Special test engines used in the determination of octane number (petrol CRF) and cetane number (diesel CRF).
CQ [Commercial quality] Commercial quality.
CA [Carbon absorption or adsorption] Carbon absorption.
CA TYPE STATION: With regulator, filter, heater, meter, blending unit and other accessories that reduce 40 bar distribution line gas pressure to connection line pressure between 15 bar and 20 bar, main network line pressure or the pressure of lines feeding large facilities using high pressure gas. is a natural gas unit equipped and deployed in a separate field.
CA Cellulose acetate
CAB: Cellulose acetate butyrate
CAD: Computer Aided Design
Calculated Carbon Aromaticity Index (CCAI): See. Calculated Carbon Aromaticity Index.
Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics: A general term for composites reinforced with felt, bundle and other types of fiber.
Glass Fiber reinforcement: It is the most commonly used material in the reinforcement of plastics. It is sold in the form of felt, roving, fabric, etc. It is used in the reinforcement of both thermoset and thermoplastics.
Glass Fiber: They are independent filaments obtained by drawing molten glass. Continuous filaments are single-ended glass fibers of indefinite length or size. Short fiber is a type of glass fiber whose length is less than 430 mm. Fiber length is related to the manufacturing process used.
Fiberglass (fiberglass felt): A flat cover consisting of randomly oriented and evenly distributed glass fibers combined with a chemical binder. It can be with or without reinforcement.
CAM: Computer aided molding
Glass transition temperature (Tg): It is the phase transition in amorphous polymers and in the amorphous regions of semi-crystalline polymers. This transition is the transition range from a fluid or elastic structure to a relatively hard and brittle structure.
Glass Transition Temperature: It is the appropriate ambient temperature where the glass transition occurs.
Glassification: It is the transition of an amorphous polymer from a viscous and elastic state to a solid and brittle state.
CAN: Cast nylon film. It is mostly used in thermoformable packaging applications.
LIVE CONNECTION: It is the process of taking branches by welding from the pipeline containing gas or making another hardware connection to this line.
STAINLESS ENVIRONMENT [Abiotic environment] Physical and inanimate chemical elements in nature. Example: Earth, water, atmosphere.
CAP Cellulose acetate propionate
CURRENT ACCOUNT: It is the contract that two people can reciprocally refuse to request their receivables separately from each other due to money, goods, services and other matters, and convert them into pen, item, embezzlement and embezzlement and demand the balance to be deducted from the account deduction.
CBD [Central business district] Central business district.
CBSR [Carcinogen bioassay in small rodents] Cancer bioassay in small rodents.
CCC [Countercurrent chromatography] Reverse current chromatography.
CF Cresol-formaldehyde
CFC [Chlorofluorocarbon] Chlorofluorocarbon.
CIIR Chloro-isobutene-isoprene rubber
CIM: Ceramic injection molding
CIVA [Mercury] A toxic metallic element that can be abundantly found in food chains, especially freshwater and marine organisms, and causes harmful effects.
DEVICE CONNECTION LINE: These are flexible or rigid lines that connect the separation lines to the devices.
DEVICE TYPE: Classification of devices according to the method of disposing of combustion products.
TYPE OF DEVICES: Devices are grouped according to the gas or gases used as fuel.
SKIN: It is the job of combining pages and jerseys with thread, glue or wire.
CK: Ceyhan Kırıkkale Crude Oil Pipeline.
CMC Carboxymethyl cellulose
CMH (CUBIC METERS PER HOUR): Cubic Meter / Hour
CN Cellulose nitrate EP
CNG (COMPRESS NATURAL GAS): It is compressed natural gas.
CNR [Composite noise rating] Composite noise measurement.
CNS [Central nervous system] Central nervous system.
CO Polyepichlorohydrin
COD [Chemical oxygen demand] The chemical oxygen demand.
COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand): It is a chemical oxygen demand; defines the oxygen equivalent of organic substances in waste water that can be oxidized by strong oxidizing agents; It covers all of the biodegradable and non-degradable materials. Generally COD (mg O2 / L) ~ 1.5 BOD (biological oxygen demand) in industrial wastewater
COH [Coefficient of haze] Fog coefficient.
COHb [Carboxhaemoglobin] Carboxyhemoglobin.
COM [Complex organic mixture] A complex organic mixture.
Contingent Resources: Look. Connected Resources
Core: Core
CP Cellulose propyanate
CPE Chlorinated polyethylene
CPET Crystal PET EVA
CPOM [Coarse particulate organic matter] Organic matter with large particles.
CPVC Chlorinated polyvinylchloride
CR: (Child protection) says that a package must pass the US Consumer-product Safety Commission testing.
CR Chloroprene rubber
Creep / Flow: It is the deformation of the material under load depending on time.
CS Casein
CSM Chlorosulfonated polyethylene
CTE / CLTE: It is the dimensional expansion amount per unit temperature in the heated or cooled material.
CTP: CTP system; Before this technology, the work done on the computer was first exposed to the film and then using these films to expose the film to the plate. This system is called the classical exposure system. The most important advantage of the CTP system is that the work flow is accelerated with the removal of the film. In addition to avoiding the errors that may occur due to the film and the lack of film costs, the consistency and quality of exposure to the plate provides an increase in product quality. Another advantage of the system is that sharp point (screen) structures and points that cannot be drawn into the mold in the classical system can be used in this system.
SURUF [Clinker] Melted residue in furnaces.
WORK ENVIRONMENT [Work environment] Conditions of the workplace.
WORKING PRESSURE: It is the pressure range in which the regulator can work regularly.
WORKING GAS: Apart from the Pillow Gas, it is natural gas that can be injected into the underground gas tank at certain times of the year and be re-produced when needed.
CHALLENGE [Turbulence] Fluctuation with fluctuations causing random air or water circulation. The reason is usually the roughness and roughness in the flow area.
SLUDGE [Sludge] Condensed solid formed by leaching, sedimentation or biological treatment during wastewater treatment.
MUD EXTRACTION [Sludge digestion] Anaerobic process to reduce the biological oxygen demand of waste water sludge to an environmentally acceptable level.
SLUDGE LIQUID [Slurry] Fluid that carries sludge in waste water treatment plants.
MUD DISPOSAL [Sludge disposal] Final disposal of waste water sludge.
Mud: Mud is also called drilling fluid. They are mixtures used in drilling to lubricate the drill in rotary drilling equipment. This mixture in fluid form cools the drill, removes bits and debris due to drilling, and covers the well cavity with a cake layer. This layer protects the well space until a steel casing is placed in the well cavity so that the well does not collapse. Most of the muds are clay based.
BURNING OF MUD [Sludge incineration] Burning of waste water sludge after it has been reduced in terms of volume and ignited by processing.
Burr: Refers to the debris left on the edge of a piece while it is being processed.
COVER: Small point that occurs during printing, caused by ambient dust, paper dust or dried paint particles, and distorts the printed image.
Crosslinking: It is a polymerization method; Branches emerging from the main polymer molecules connect with other branches and molecules through chemical reactions, forming a network-like network structures.
Cross Fabric: The fibers in the weft and warp are woven at a certain angle with the length of the fabric.
CROSS-MEDIA APPROACH [Cross-media approach] Approaching environmental problems, taking into account not only air pollution, for example, but all factors in interaction.
Distortion / deflection: It is the deterioration of the part structure due to the internal stresses that occur during the injection process or other forms of processing.
CRACK: It is the capillary opening that covers the whole or part of the wall thickness occurring on the steel pipe surface.
Crack: These are regional cracks that appear in a network structure below or above the plastic material or resin surface and can spread over a large surface area. It is generally seen on the surface of pressure vessels produced by fiber winding method.
DRAW AMOUNT: It is the amount of natural gas drawn by the End User and recorded in the Measurement Line.
Tensile Strength: It is the load or force acting on the unit cross-sectional area of the sample. It refers to the tensile stress sufficient to break the sample.
Tensile strength: It is the amount of force that must be applied to elongate the plastic by a certain amount. The higher it is, the stronger the material.
Shrinkage: Every plastic material shrinks (shrinks) when baked or solidified.
Drawing: The relative variation of the dimensions between the cold mold measured size of the molded product and the size measured 24 hours after demoulding.
Elongation in Tensile: It is the elongation that the sample shows during rupture under load. It is expressed as a percentage of the initial length.
CHECK VALVE: Valves that allow gas flow in only one direction.
STEEL PIPE CODING: It is the indication of the manufacturing method and mechanical properties of steel pipes with short symbols. The symbols used in the coding process and the expressions it covers are as follows: Manufacturing method; Steel Type; Heat Treatment; Flow Limit; Seamless pipe Environmental stress (Mpa) Electric arc furnace Normalized 25,000 psi Hardened 35,000 psi 60,000 psi Welded pipe Gas pressure (Mpa) Still steel Stress-relieved 30,000 psi 52,000 psi Annealed 42,000 psi 70,000 psi 80,000 psi Butt-welded tube Pipe diameter (mm) Spiral welded pipe Pipe wall thickness (mm) S SE HN A25 HAB X60 E PR HSA X52 HQ X42 X70 X80 FD SW t
Ring Tension: It is the circumferential stress in a cylindrical shaped material that encounters internal or external pressure.
Notch Sensitivity: A factor that disrupts the surface homogeneity, such as a notch on a material surface, makes the part more susceptible to breakage.
NOTCHING [Spalling] Cutting into chips or pieces.
FRAMEWORK APPROACH [Bubble concept] An approach that argues that the application of the intended limitations in the context of the control of pollutant emissions should address the areas affected by specific pollutants rather than their source of origin.
ENVIRONMENT Environment or conditions in which an organism exists. This environment includes natural physical elements, as well as human-made conditions influenced by the organism.
ENVIRONMENTAL ANALIZI [Environmental analysis] The study of environmental characteristics of a particular land such as topographic, hydrological, geological and cultural features.
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT An examination to determine whether an action or a project is environmentally beneficial and whether an environmental impact report should be prepared.
Environment-friendly The term used to refer to products that have been designed or modified to eliminate some of the harmful elements normally found in products.
ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS: It is the stress caused by the fluid pressure in the pipe body on the plane perpendicular to the axis and in the direction of the pipe circumference. This stress is expressed by the formula Bar-low. S = (P * D) / (2 t)
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY OBJECTIVE [EQO = Environmental quality objective] To demonstrate the intended quality level for a specific dimension of the environment. This level may not be available and can be expressed quantitatively.
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARD [EQS = Environmental quality standard] The highest permissible level for a pollutant in an environment or the lowest acceptable level for some characteristics of the environment.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Management of resources to minimize or prevent the discharge of potentially hazardous waste materials into the environment.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [EPA = Environmental Protection Agency] American federal agency tasked with enforcing all laws and regulations regarding pollutants.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING [Environmental Engineering] Environmental engineering, environmental protection, pollution reduction and so on. It includes the design of suitable technology systems and the study of environmental processes, as well as the realization of the interior design of certain buildings in this respect.
ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE: It is the average internal radiation and average internal air temperature of a closed system and the theoretical temperature explained by the formula below.
SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS [SCOPE = Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment] International organization whose main area of interest is improving the environment and studying various problems related to pollution.
PERIPHERAL ROAD [Beltway] A road that surrounds an urban area and is connected to the main transport arteries.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT The use of natural resources such as soil, water and air through environmentally acceptable practices.
ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREA [ESA = Environmentally senstive area] The term used for areas where a country needs to take special measures to protect its natural settlements and ongoing agricultural activities or to move from modern, intensive agriculture to traditional.
Environment: All external factors such as vibration, shock, magnetic and electric fields, radiation, humidity, heat and pollution that affect the performance of a substance.
ENVIRONMENTAL PRESSURE THRESHOLD: The sensitivity of a plastic part under the influence or pressure of certain chemicals
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT [ELA = Environmental impact assessment] Analysis and evaluation of potential permanent or temporary impacts of new developments and projects on the environment, including social consequences and alternative solutions.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT [Environmental impact statement] A detailed report containing the results of environmental impact assessment studies.
Inversion The atmospheric event occurring in the lower layers of the atmosphere and caused by the cold air layer being held by the upper warm air layer, In the absence of wind, pollutants cannot be dispersed and major air pollution events can occur.
OUTLET CHANNEL [Outlet channel] Water channel or drainage channel for collecting and removing liquid waste.
EXIT-YERIVARIS LOCATION SURVEY [OD Survey = Origin destination survey] A transport planning technique.
OUTLET REFERENCE PRESSURE: It is the predetermined value of the outlet pressure.
OUTPUT TOLERANCE: It is the allowed deviation ratios of the regulator outlet pressure adjusted to a certain value from this value. (If Output Tolerance ÇT is 10, it means ± 10% deviation is allowed in the set output pressure.) (Ref: Regulator)
ZINCOLU WATER POLLUTION [Zinc water pollution] Pollution arising in industrial wastewater as a result of galvanizing, polymer processing and other applications.
Biaxial Load: It is the application of the load applied to the laminate surface in two different directions.
DOUBLE WELDED STITCH PIPE: These are pipes manufactured by making two rows of welding seams with a gap of approximately 180o between submerged arc welding or gas metal arc welding method and are applied to pipes larger than 36 ”.
DOUBLE EAR: Equal folding of both sides of a sheet
Double Completion: It is a single well that can be produced from two separate formation at the same time.
DOUBLE (UNMATCH): Printing error that appears as blurring or ghosting. It may be caused by rubber pressures, poor adjustment, ink density on the rubber, distortion in the parallelism of the boilers or paper transfer problems.
ÇİĞLENME: It is the condensation of water vapor in natural gas or air depending on pressure and temperature.
GRASS: A raised tip around the rub in the mold, in the extrusion blow molding process, when the mold closes around the parison, clogging the part and separating excess material.
Cement: It is a mixture of powdered alumina, silica, lime and some other substances; When mixed with water, it hardens. It is a widely used material in the oil industry for placing crates on the walls of oil wells.
Cementing: It is the process of applying mud prepared from a mixture of cement and water to an oil well and various parts of its casing.
Zinc cliché: The preparation of zinc cliché is done by photomechanical impregnation method. This method is done in 2 ways.
NOT TOUCH WITH CHILDREN [Childproof] Not dangerous for children.
MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING [Multifamily dwelling] Housing housing two or more family units.
MULTIPLE OUTPUT POLLUTANT SOURCES [Nonpoint source] Widespread and intertwined fluxes, such as surface water or rain runoff, that contribute to water pollution.
Multigrade Oil: Oils that contain some low-temperature and high-temperature properties together are called multi-grade oils; for example, SAE 10W-40 oil.
Multi-Ended Roving: These are the rovings obtained by winding the glass fiber bundles parallel to each other without twisting.
MULTIPLE EXIT POINT: It is the Exit Point where capacity is allocated for more than one Shipper.
MULTIPLE ENTRY POINT: It is the Entry Point where capacity is allocated for more than one Shipper.
Multiple Completion: Sometimes it is to increase the production rate or the amount of oil obtained by drilling several different depths from a well to remove all oil and gas in a reservoir.
Sedimentary Rock: They are formed by the collapse and burial of various substances and the adhesion of particles to each other over time. These rocks generally consist of four basic elements; porosity, cement, particles, matrix. Look. Rock Cycle
Precipitation The process of separation of particles from the gas stream in which they are suspended, as a result of electric field action or thermal change.
Sedimentation Natural process of sedimentation of solids due to gravity; The process of particle separation and transport by erosion forces in the treatment of wastewater.
DISCHARGE TANK [Sedimentation tank] A part of the wastewater treatment plant where the settleable solids are separated from the wastewater.
Precipitation: Some metal ions in the waste water stream are converted into water-insoluble hydroxides, precipitated and removed by filtration. The most commonly used materials for this purpose are caustic and lime.
Desertification As long as the land becomes a desert, usually as a result of overgrazing, extensive deforestation, or contrary cultivation and irrigation practices.
Garbage Animal, vegetable and fruit waste from household or commercial food preparation and use; it is generally used for all waste products.
TRASH DISPOSAL [Tipping] Trash dumping in open areas.
WASTE RECOVERY [Refuse reclamation] turning solid waste into a useful product.
DUMP [Dump site] Waste disposal area where solid waste such as garbage is emptied and left uncovered.
Warp: It is the yarns lined parallel to each other along the length of the weaving.
SOLUTION / LEACHING: The process of melting water-soluble rocks in order to create caverns or extract minerals.
Solubility: It is the mixing of two or more substances in any concentration without phase separation; For example, water and ethyl alcohol are mutually soluble substances.
Insolubility: It is the insolubility of a solid substance in a liquid at a specified temperature or higher.
INSOLUBLE SUBSTANCES (INSOLUBLE): These are materials found in small amounts in rocks that can dissolve in water.
DISSOLVED OXYGEN [CD = Dissolved oxygen] Amount of oxygen dissolved in water or waste water.
Dissolved-Gas Drive: Dissolved gases are natural reservoir energy sources; The force that occurs when it expands and separates from the oil allows the oil to flow into the well.
RESOLUTION: When an image is clear and sharp.
Solubility: The maximum amount of substance that can dissolve in a solvent defines the solubility of that substance in that solvent.
Hollow Zone: It is the appearance of the depression in certain regions and the collapse on the surface as a result of internal stresses in the composite material.
[Putrefaction] Organic decomposition of matter in anaerobic form; At the end of this process, malodorous gases and products of incomplete oxidation are formed.
DEGRADATION AND DEGESTION [Digestion] The term for wastewater treatment, which is used to express the organic transformation of enzymes. Example: Anaerobic digestion of Lagim sludge.
D
DCQ (DAILY CONTRACT QUANTITY): Daily Contract Amount.
DISPERSION, for example, the diffusion process of a concentrated pollutant in a natural source.
SPREADING [Sprawl] Uncontrolled spreading of urban development into the surrounding countryside.
DISTRIBUTION LINE: These are steel lines that take natural gas from the exit of A-type stations located at the entrance of cities, cycle plants and industrial zones to the entrance of CA-type stations in consumption areas and have a maximum operating pressure of 40 bar.
DISTRIBUTION NETWORK: It is a steel and polyethylene pipe network of various diameters that takes natural gas from the Zone Regulator outlet and carries it to the streets and streets where the consumers are located and whose operating pressure is maximum 4 bar or 100 mbar.
DISTRIBUTION COMPANY: It refers to the legal person authorized to carry out the activities of the distribution of natural gas in a specified city and its transportation through the local gas pipeline network.
DISTRIBUTION VALVE: These are steel or PE valves located on the distribution network and under the ground, whose operating pressure is maximum 4 bars.
INTERNAL LINE: These are the steel lines that carry the natural gas from the exit of the B type station in the industrial facilities to the consumption point and with a maximum pressure of 4 bar.
INTERNAL USE GAS COST: All expenses of the carrier for the purchase of Internal Usage Gas, including transportation costs.
INTERNAL USE GAS CONTRACTS: It is the contract signed by the carrier to supply Internal Usage Gas.
INDOOR USAGE GAS: Contains Carrier Usage Gas, Transmission Network Stock and Gas that cannot be accounted for.
INTERNAL CONSUMPTION: It refers to the total amount of gas burned in compressors and equipment, and the amount of gas used in the heating of offices and guesthouses.
WAVE POWER [Wave power] is a potential renewable energy source where the power generated by seawater movements can be used in energy production.
DALGAKIRAN [Jetty] A structure built in low-tidal bays, lakes or rivers to protect a harbor from floods and tides.
Dalton's Law: The total pressure of a mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each component in the mixture.
STAMP TAX: It is the tax collected before the Stamp Duty Law, with documents and declaration that are written in the law and can be submitted for need.
DISTILLATION FACILITIES [Distillation plants] Large-scale facilities that convert salt water into drinking water.
DAMLA LACQUER: It is the ideal product to create a relief effect on small surfaces such as water drops. It creates a shiny and fluffy surface. Its effect is very strong, it is preferred because it is easily perceived both by hand and by eyes.
DROPPED FILTER [Trickling filter] Biological filter used in secondary treatment plants in the process of wastewater treatment. The filter is a bed of 1-2 m depth and 10-30 m diameter, consisting of stones 5-10 cm in size, where the waste water is sprayed and sprinkled. Microorganisms that find the opportunity to grow between the stones separate organic substances within the flow time.
NARROW NECK: Alpha's narrow neck bottles start from a 20mm special finish, up to 28mm continuous screw closure. Narrow neck bottles are best suited for liquids and lotions, ie products that can be poured and pumped.
IMPACT ADJUSTMENT: Pulse is a short duration electrical or acoustic wave sequence. Pulse Adjustment; It is a control used to optimize the signal transmitted to the transmitter by the probe and the connecting cable by adjusting the frequency spectrum of the transmitted pulse. (Interest: Ultrasonic Inspection)
Impact Resistance: It is the ability of the material to withstand a sudden impact.
Impact-Originated Cracks: Separations that occur in the material visible on the surface. Impact cracks occur in a specific area, where fiber reinforcement is insufficient or where the resin is highly concentrated.
Impact force: The amount of energy required to break the sample and is calculated by dividing the total energy by the piece cross-sectional area. The sample can be notched or notched. In the notched sample, the cross-sectional area is harvested at the bottom of the notch.
IMPACT METER [Impactor; Impinger] Instrument that collects and measures materials at the point of impact.
Impact Test: It is the test performed by measuring the energy required to break the material with a sudden impact.
IMPACT EFFECT TECHNIQUE: It is a technique in which the presence of discontinuity (error) in a material is determined by the reflection of impacts from discontinuity.
Impact / izod / charpi: It is the resistance of the material to the impact load resistance. Izod and charpy differ from each other by the notch structure and the way of testing. The notched test is much more critical because it is the beginning of the break.
RESISTANCE AGAINST IMPACT: It is a strength test performed by dropping steel balls from a certain height in order to check the strength of the polyethylene coating material in steel pipes. (TS 5139)
DATA CENTER: These are data areas where large information is kept and data center solutions are provided to customers.
RESISTANT CHEMICALS [Persistent chemicals] Soil and water contaminants resistant to biological and chemical processes that would allow them to be rendered harmless or removed. Examples of these include lead, copper, arsenic, or pesticides, harsh detergents (non-biodegradable) and radionuclides (radioactive nuclei).
Durability: It is the ability of the material to absorb work. In another definition, it can be expressed as the work that can break the material per unit volume or mass of the material. The toughness is proportional to the area of the load-extension curve below the region between the origin and the break point.
DBA [Decibel A] Decibel A. DDT [DDT] Short script of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; It is an extremely potent insecticide. Its remains last about 15 years.
DBP Dibutyl phthalate
DCP Di-capril phthalate
Deasfalting: The process of separating asphaltic materials from processed and partially removed crude oil; Liquid propane is used to dissolve non-asphalting compounds.
FLOW INCREASE STATION: It is a platform built on a part of a natural gas pipeline (especially a submarine natural gas line) and designed to increase the flow rate of the gas.
FLOW COEFFICIENT: See… Regulator
FLOW: It is the volume of fluid that passes through a certain cross-section (point) per unit time. (Denoted by Q, its unit is usually denoted by m h / h.)
Debutanizer: It is a fractionation column used to remove butane and lighter compounds from liquid streams.
Deeterizer: It is a fractionation column designed to remove ethane and gases from heavier hydrocarbons.
Deformation (Yield) Rate: It is the value of the slope on the deformation-time curve at a given time. It determines the deflection that occurs over time under a given static load.
Deformation (Flow): It is the dimensional change seen in the material under excessive load over a wide period of time, which does not include the sudden elastic deformation at the beginning.
Degasser: Equipment used to remove unwanted gases from a liquid; such as drilling fluid.
DEGREE OF CHANGE [Gradient] The change in the value of a quantity affecting the environment such as heat, pressure, density, humidity.
Degradable Organic Carbon: It is the carbon in materials such as paper, food and garden waste that can be easily biochemically degraded.
Degradation: Aging is the change of lubricating oils due to atmospheric oxygen, heat, light and radiation. The basic element controlling aging is the reaction of oil components with oxygen, that is, oxidation. Any oil loses its properties as degradation during use or storage.
DEGRADE: The increase or decrease of the tram between two specific points without revealing the transitions. It is also called vignetting.
VALUE READING: It is the gas control and / or gas concentration values read from the gas detector and expressed from the lower explosion limit unit and taken repeatedly.
Dehydrogenation: It is the separation reaction of hydrogen atoms from a molecule. Dehydrogenation is used to convert ethane, propane and butane into olefins (ethylene, propylene and butylenes).
Dehydrocyclisation: The process of aromatizing paraffin hydrocarbons.
Decanter: It is a separation equipment used in refinery and some other branches of industry; For example, in the solvent recovery section of the furfural extraction unit, the mixture is separated into two furfural-rich and water-rich phases in a stream decanter.
Delayed Koking: Delayed coking process:
Bundle: It is a whole formed by bringing a certain number of continuous fibers together without twisting.
DEMOGRAPHY [Demography] Study of the population, usually using statistical techniques.
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION [Demographic transition] The downward trend observed in the birth rate of a certain population, generally due to economic and social development.
DEMOURAGE: The payment made by the company or person for the extra time spent by the ship in the event that the company or the person who brought the goods in maritime transport cannot complete the loading and unloading operations within the period agreed with the shipowner (excluding the days and holidays of the ship at sea).
Demulsifiers: These are additives that facilitate the separation of water in oils that have come into contact with water or water vapor.
Demulsibility: It is the ability of an oil to separate from water, defined by the ASTM D 1401 or D 2711 test methods. In many oil circulation systems, the demulsibility of the oil is an important feature in order to perform the necessary functions for a long time.
TEST PIT: These are the pits that are opened on the natural gas line and at certain distances before the channel is excavated and generally towards the width of the road for the purpose of route selection and determination of other infrastructures while constructing natural gas lines. In the natural gas lines that are taken into operation, the pits opened on the natural gas line for gas leakage (leakage) measurement and control are also called test pits.
AUDIT OFFICER: It refers to those employed or assigned under various titles and titles to perform audit, inspection, investigation, control, preliminary examination, examination and research duties in audit units, including those in the positions of chairman and vice chairman.
Balance: It can be classified as thermal, mechanical and chemical balance. Thermal Equilibrium: It is the state in which the system and the environment are at the same temperature. Mechanical Equilibrium: It is the state in which the system and the environment are at the same pressure. Chemical Equilibrium: It is the state in which the system and the environment are at the same chemical concentrations.
BALANCING GAS AGREEMENT: An agreement between the Transporter and any Supplier for the purpose of purchasing Balancing Gas.
BALANCING GAS PRICE: It is the price used in the calculation of Daily Imbalance Fees.
BALANCING GAS: It is the natural gas supplied to the Transmission Network in accordance with the instructions given by the Transporter to the Transporting Suppliers or in accordance with the provisions of the Balancing Gas Agreement, in order to ensure the system balance in order to operate the Transmission Network in a safe and efficient manner.
BALANCED POPULATION [Equilibrium population] Unchanged population; the population whose number of births is equal to the number of deaths in a given period.
Balanced Construction: It is the use of weft and warps in equal density in the fabric. Tensile and compression loads result in elongation and compressive deformation in the construction, while bending loads are evenly distributed in the axial and lateral directions.
SEA BOTTOM REGION [Benthic region] The marine zone that covers the entire ocean bottom, both coastal and deep sea floor.
SEAFOOD DRILLING [Offshore drilling] Oil and gas extraction from underwater using expensive equipment and floating platforms.
MARINE ECOSISTEM [Marine ecosystem] The ecosystems of oceans and seas; It is divided into pellagic and benthic sections.
Ocean thermal energy conversion The method of generating energy by taking advantage of the temperature differences between the water heated by the sun on the sea surface and the cold water below the surface.
MARINE POLLUTION CONTRACT [MARPOL = Marine Pollution Convention] The contract, which is accepted under the leadership of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and which is established to prevent the tankers carrying fuel from causing marine pollution.
SEA POLLUTION LOOKING PROGRAM (MARPOLMON) [Marine Pollution Monitoring Program] An application of the Marine Pollution Convention.
DENIZ SEDDI [Seawall] The solid wall in the coastal strip that protects the beach and prevents internal flooding.
Dumping in the sea [Ocean dumping] Dumping of wastes into the sea, including lagim mud, dredged material, industrial wastes or other materials.
SEA PIPELINE PLATFORM: It is a structure that is fixed or temporarily installed or anchored on the sea at sea crossings of natural gas pipelines in order to carry or suspend the line.
SEA CROSSING: The part of the gas pipeline that is under the sea at a certain distance and depth from the coastline.
SEA PLATFORM: It is a facility built or anchored on the sea, either fixed or mobile, and used for oil or gas exploration / operation purposes.
Density: The density value of the film. Or the density of color on the paper.
DENSITIMETER: It is an instrument used to measure the density of crude oil.
DENSITOMETER: Machine used to measure the paint density on paper.
Denier: It is a coding system that specifies the weight in grams of a 9000 m long yarn or filament.
Depentanizer: It is a fractionation column used to remove pentane and lighter fractions from hydrocarbon streams.
DEPLASE: It is the relocation of the crude oil pipeline and natural gas pipeline.
LINE FOR STORAGE: It is the holding of more gas in the same volume by applying pressure above the normal system pressure, provided that the pressure of the gas in the natural gas pipeline remains within the safe limit. This line is in the position of a tank that is kept ready for use in peak conditions of the gas or during peak hours of the day.
STORAGE ACTIVITY: It is the injection of natural gas into the reservoir as gas, keeping it in the reservoirs and producing it back from the reservoirs.
STORAGE SERVICE AGREEMENT (DHS for short): It is the agreement between the Storage Company and the Service Receiver regarding the provision of a Standard Service.
STORAGE CAPACITY: It is the capacity announced by the Storage Company prior to a Storage Year for the use of the Storage Facility for the relevant Storage Year.
Storage Life: The period of storage and usable condition of liquid resin under specific heat conditions.
STORAGE COMPANY: It is the legal person authorized to carry out the storage activities of natural gas.
STORAGE TARIFF: These are the regulations that include the prices, terms and conditions regarding the Storage Activity and related services.
STORAGE FACILITY: Except for the facilities used in production, it is the facility that is owned or operated by a legal person and is intended to store natural gas as LNG or gas, or a facility for the storage of crude oil in tanks.
STORAGE YEAR: means each consecutive 12-month period that begins on the first Day of each Injection Period and ends at the end of the next Injection Preparation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, Storage Year is the period between April 1st and March 31st.
STORAGE: It is the storage of natural gas in order to meet the daily and seasonal changes and to eliminate the natural gas deficit caused by the decrease or cessation of natural gas supply.
EARTHQUAKE VALVE: Mechanical, electronic or electro-mechanical devices that act during an earthquake and cut off the gas flow in the piping.
MITIGATION OF EARTHQUAKE DAMAGES [Earthquake hazard mitigation] minimizing the damages that earthquakes can cause to human life and property through methods such as forecasting, warning systems and especially earthquake resistant building construction.
Depropanizer: It is a fractionation column used to remove pentane and lighter fractions from liquid streams.
STREAM CROSSING: It is the part of the crude oil pipeline that is under the stream at a certain distance and depth. DECIBEL (dB): It is the unit used to express the magnitude of a change in the amplitude of an ultrasonic signal. (Interest: Ultrasonic Inspection)
[Abyssall-benthic zone] The deepest parts of the ocean.
DERME ÇATMA HOUSING [Jerry built housing] Housing generally built with insufficient materials and labor to make an immediate profit.
Derrik: It is a tall tower that is built on top of a well and contains the necessary tubes and equipment for lowering and lifting the materials.
DESAND VENTILATION, 1) Ventilation of production areas from top to bottom. 2) Reverse ventilation.
DESANDRI, 1) The gallery that is driven in sideline, ore or coal with a downward inclination in order to transport ore or coal from bottom to top in mines. 2) Inclined gallery driven from the ground to reach the mine bed.
DESENSOR is a steel pipe system with a steel armor or a hard wearing material (sinter basalt) covered conveying helix, consisting of parts in units for ease of transport, and allowing the mine to be transported from top to bottom in vertical wells without breaking and loss by using gravity. It is generally manufactured as 1.5 m in diameter and 1 m in unit length.
DESIBEL [Decibel] International unit for measuring the intensity of sound. It is shortly written as dB.
DESİBEL is the unit of assessment (measurement) of the sound intensity (level) determined as one tenth of the logarithm of the "bar" unit, in order to compare different sound intensities. It is indicated by the decibel (dB) symbol. Sound that produces 0, 0002 microbar pressure is defined as the "hearing threshold" and is considered to be zero dB. If there are two noises measured in dB, they are summed up logarithmically. Different noise sources and maximum noise levels allowed to be emitted from these sources
SUPPORT: It is the process of continuing the business by withdrawing gas from other sources (stocks) in order to supply the amount of gas needed in emergency or peak situations.
Desulphurization: It is a chemical process used to remove sulfur or sulfur compounds from hydrocarbons.
Detergent Alcohols: Detergent alcohols can be synthetic or natural, depending on the raw material used. There are various processes used in the production of synthetic alcohols; For example, olefins (straight chain and branched) in the range of C2-C20 and long chain aldehyde isomers from the synthesis gas, from which long chain alcohols are obtained. The reactions are carried out in a catalyzed environment.
DETERGENTS [Detergents] Widely used, surfactant cleaning agent. Detergents, which also destroy bacteria and organisms, are one of the main causes of water pollution.
DETRITUS [Detritus] Distinct substance that enriches the bottom of lakes or the base of forests.
Continuous Bundled Felt: It is a glass fiber reinforcement material, which consists of spreading the fibers flowing from the barrel over a plane, forming uniformly distributed layers. The fibers laid in this way are held together using a second binder.
Continuous Sheet Production: Impregnating the fiber and polyester between two films by passing through the rolls and hardening in the furnace in machines that are generally up to 3 meters wide and capable of producing high capacity, thus expressing the production process in which the two-sided and bright sheets are cut to the desired lengths.
CIRCUIT VOLTAGE: It is the difference between open circuit pipe / ground potential and open circuit anode / ground potential. (Interest: Cathodic Protection)
TRANSFER PROCESS [Circular process] Recycling of waste and making it usable; waste reuse.
DEVRIDAIM [Flow through] Continuous circulation.
Dew Point: Dew Point
Dewaksing: It is the separation of waxes from petroleum products (generally lubricating oils and distilled fuels) by solvent absorption, cooling (chilling) and filtration processes.
Disinfection Disinfection of disease-causing organisms, for example, by chlorination.
DIC [Dissolved inorganic carbon] Dissolved inorganic carbon.
DIDA Di-isodecyl adipate
DIDP Di-isodecyl phthalate
DIELDRIN [Dieldrin] A white crystalline agricultural medicine from the class of chlorinated hydracarbons, also known as Octalox. It has a toxic effect in many pests and is fatal to some birds.
DIFFUSER [Diffuser] A device with a fine hole at the end of the supply pipe, used to better distribute gas or liquid into the environment in which it is mixed.
DIMETHYL SULFIDE [DMS] Chemical substance produced by plankton, which when oxidized contributes to acid deposition and increases under pollution conditions.
DIN: Deutches Institut für Normung
RECREATION SYSTEM The term used to refer to the entire set of facilities and programs that provide recreation and entertainment opportunities to the community.
DIOA Di-isooctyl adipate
DIOKSIN [Dioxin] A cluster of highly toxic substances found in herbicides.
DIOP Di-isooctyl phthalate
DIP [Dissolved inorganic phosphorus] Dissolved inorganic phosphorus.
EXTERNAL POLLUTION [Imission] Local air pollution caused by a remote air pollution source.
EXTERNAL CONTINENTAL RANGE [OCS = outer continental shelf] It can extend from a few kilometers to 400 kilometers on the coasts of a country; and the sea region generally recognized as having the right to exploit its country of origin for oil, gas and mineral resources.
DISCAL ORGANISMS [Fecal coliform organisms] Bacterial group found in the intestines of humans and animals; The presence of these organisms in environmental waters is accepted as a sign of the presence of disease-causing organisms in these waters.
DISPATCHER: Personnel who control and command the gas flow.
DISPLACEMENT: It is the process of replacing the volume of the fluid in the pipeline with a fluid of the same volume and other properties.
EXTERNALITIES The social cost that a social group has to pay or the social benefit it gets as a result of the activities of others.
DISTROPHIC LAKES [Dystrophic lakes] Lakes with very low lime content and dense humus, so the water turns brown.
CATHODIC PROTECTION BY EXTERNAL CURRENT SOURCE: The negative end of an external direct current source is connected to the pipe and the positive end to the auxiliary anode or anodes and the pipe is turned into a cathode.
EXTERNAL CURRENT: It is the direct current supplied to the cathodic protection circuit from an external current source.
EXTERNAL SEALING: Providing gas tightness to the external environment from the gas-carrying volumes of devices such as regulators or valves, or devices with gas inside, is called external sealing.
DIALIZ [Dialysis] A method used in wastewater treatment to separate large organic particles from small ones.
Diatom: Diatoms are a species of algae; Although some are found in chains and colonies, most of them are single-celled. The characteristic feature of diatom cells is that they are covered with a silica structure.
Dielectric Strength: It is the isolation feature that provides resistance to electrical load. It is expressed as the mean value of the deterioration potential of the dielectric property per unit thickness.
Dielectric Warming: Heating of materials with dielectric loss in high frequency electrostatic field.
Dielectric Strength: The measure of the resistance of an insulating fluid to electrical voltage; such as transformer oils. Oil dielectric strength depends on the properties of the base oil from which they are produced.
Dielectric Constant: It is the ratio of the capacitance value of an electrode pair in the insulating material to the capacitance value of the same electrode pair in the air.
Dielectric: It is electrical insulation. It is the ability of a material to withstand the flow of electric current.
Diesters (Dibasic Acid Esters): They are obtained by the reaction of an acid and an alcohol; they are used as synthetic oil. Pour points are between –50 and –65 0C.
DIGITAL PRINTING: It is a type of printing made using digital printing machines by passing the files prepared in computer environment directly to the paper using ink-jet or laser technology. Printing is done with CMYK values. Extra colors cannot be printed. Paper, Vinyl, Foil, One Way Vision, Mesh, Canvas, Cast foil… etc. It is the job of printing on it.
Vertical Pressing: It refers to the process of compressing the composite material in the heated metal molds in the desired direction under hydraulic pressure until the resin system hardens.
STITCHED PIPE: These are pipes obtained by bending steel plates in pipe form and joining them with special welding methods. (Ref: Longitudinal welded pipe Spiral welded pipe)
SEAMLESS PIPE: It is a pipe produced from soft (forged) steel without welding, by hot or cold drawing method or by hot pressing method.
SLITTING LINE: The line on the bottle where the two halves of the mold meet at the end
Dimerization: Dimers with one double bond at the end and an alkyl group attached to the second carbon of the double bond are obtained with aluminum alkyl catalysts (eg tri-isobutyl aluminum).
DYNAMIC PRESSURE: It is the pressure exerted by the fluid moving in the pipe in the direction of its movement.
DYNAMIC BALANCE SHEET: It is the balance sheet created by comparing the accounts in the accounting and calculating the actual values entered and used in the business.
DYNAMIC GAS PRESSURE: It is the pressure at which the gas is in motion (gas flow continues). ELBOW: It is a pipe fitting element with a smaller diameter than the "bend pipe" used for the change of direction of the pipeline.
Dynamometer: A device that measures the mechanical power output or rotational torque of a rotary machine.
Bottoms: Tower bottoms are residu of a distillation unit when the distillation of the highest boiling point is completed. Tank bottoms are heavy substances that are collected at the bottom of storage tanks, usually consisting of oil, water and foreign substances.
Resistance: Inverse of conductivity; It is the electrical resistance to current flow.
Dicyclopentadiene modified polyesters: It is a class of polyester resin where DCPD is used as one of the raw materials of polyester resin. They can be produced using the Diels-Alder addition technique. But more typically, they are obtained by attaching maleic acid to dicyclopentadiene double bonds.
DISPERSION LACQUER: Dispersion lacquer is applied to prevent the printing deterioration during friction of the prints printed with offset printing and to make the colors longer lasting. Dispersion lacquers can also be described as over-print protective films that dry through air circulation, in other words oxidatively.
Distillation Range: A single pure substance has a single boiling point under a certain pressure. The boiling of this mixture takes place not at a single temperature but within a temperature range. The temperature range is usually determined by standard instruments at atmospheric pressure.
Distillation with Atmospheric Fraction: It is a fractional distillation process performed at atmospheric pressure. A liquid hydrocarbon mixture is fractionated with narrow boiling ranges; Side stream products are gasoline, naphtha, gas oil and diesel oil (diesel oil), residue is removed from the bottom.
Distillation is simple: It is a physical separation process based on the difference in boiling points of compounds in a mixture.
Distillation, Water Vapor: It is the distillation process performed in the presence of water vapor. Some complex organic compounds that are sensitive to temperature, such as natural aromatic compounds, cannot be purified by simple or fractional distillation, but decompose. In such cases, the compound is purified at low temperature by applying steam distillation. (Ptoplam = P0su + P0org.)
Distillation, Vacuum: It is the distillation of petroleum under vacuum where sufficient boiling temperatures can be obtained to prevent the raw material (Feedstok) from breaking or cracking.
Distillate Fuel Oiller: They are heavy gas oillers; It contains long chain (20-70 carbon atoms) alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons, its boiling range is 380-540 ° C.
Distillate: These are the products collected by concentrating during the distillation (fractionated) process; For example, gaseous fuels, naphtha, kerosene and gas oil.
Distilled Fuel: It is a general classification for petroleum fractions obtained in conventional distillation operations. No. 1, No. 2 and No. With 4 fuel oils No. 1, No. 2 and No. 4 diesel fuels are distilled fuels.
Female Mold: It is the mold element that shapes the outer part of the product.
GEARS: In the permanent screw types, the plastic spirals in which the C / T cap comes are rotated. Different C / T closure types have different numbers of gear features.
Diagenesis (Creation): It is the transformation of organic materials into a complex hydrocarbon structure called "kerogen" with the release of methane, carbon dioxide and water by biogenic and non-biogenic reactions at depths close to the earth, at approximately normal temperatures and pressures.
Diesel Index: It is a number that gives information about the combustion quality of diesel fuel; It is calculated from the relative density of the fuel and the aniline point. Applies to distillate grade diesel fuels only, not residual fuels.
Diesel Fuel: Diesel Fuels: They are gas oil or diesel distillates; (used as diesel engines fuel and heating oil) Contains alkanes with 12 and more carbon atoms, boiling range 180-380 0C.
Diesel Fuel; Marine Diesel Fuel (MDF): A term used in the marine industry to describe heavy distillate fuel; May contain a small amount of residual fuel.
DM [Dry matter] Dry matter.
DMS (DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM): It is a software that models electrical and electronic networks mathematically. Can predict the problems that systems may arise and produce solutions. DMS contributes to energy efficiency with its many features. Networks can be monitored in real time via DMS, analysis, control and optimization operations can be done.
DMS [Dimethyl sulfide] Dimethyl sulfide.
DMS ALARM PANEL: These are the panels where the malfunctions in the system are followed by the user.
DNODP Di-n-octyl, N-decyl phthalate
DNP Di-nonyl phthalate
DNT [Dinitrotoluene] Dinitrotoluene.
DO [Dissolved oxygen] Dissolved oxygen.
DOA Di-octyl adipate
DOBSON UNIT [Dobson unit] Used in the measurement of Ozone; one dobson unit is equal to one hundredth of a millimeter.
NATURE PROTECTION AREA [Nature preserve] The area where the natural environment is protected for protection and investigation purposes.
NATURAL SELECTION The survival of some organisms by reproduction due to their better adaptation to the conditions of a certain environment.
NATURAL GAS [Natural gas] Fuel containing methane and hydrocarbons, occurring under the earth's crust by certain geological formations.
NATURAL RESOURCES Natural resource resources such as water, air and gas occurring naturally in the environment.
NATURAL RADIATION [Natural radiation] Radiation that emits gases such as radon, mainly caused by uranium, which decomposes in soil and rocks.
CORRECT POLLUTANT SOURCE [Line source] Pollution emission or discharge along a straight line. Air pollution caused by traffic moving along the road in a congested ring road creates a linear source.
BIRTH RATE [Birth rate] The birth rate of a certain group expressed in unit time. The number of births per 1000 population in a certain area per year is called the "rough birth rate".
Fertility [Fecundity] The ability of a living thing to give birth.
Fertility rate The number of live births per 1,000 women of childbearing age between the ages of 15-44.
NATURAL (NATURAL) GAS Gaseous hydrogen compounds in the form of gas formed as a result of the change of organic materials in large sedimentation basins such as petroleum and coal deposits under high pressure under the influence of bacteria in an anaerobic environment. -> Scheme and Figure. These are rather methane (CH4), varying amounts of nitrogen (N2), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulphurous hydrogen (H2S), etc. It is in the form of a mixture of gases. Its calorific value changes according to the ratio of gases it contains. Natural gas is used in energy production as a raw material and in the petrochemical industry as an input.
NATURAL GAS PIPELINE: Steel in various diameters and pressures that takes natural gas from its source to the point of consumption.
NATURAL GAS MARKET LAW: It is the law dated 18/04/2001 and numbered 4646.
Natural Gas Liquids (NGL): They are hydrocarbons obtained from natural gas; the main components are LPG (propane, butanes) and natural gasoline. Natural gasoline is sold mixed with gasoline obtained from crude oil in accordance with the specification values (especially in terms of volatility).
Natural Gas, Bitter (Sour): It is a natural gas containing corrosive sulphurous compounds such as hydrogen sulphide and mercaptans.
Natural Gas, Crude: Natural gas in the state that it is extracted from the reservoir is called raw natural gas; Contains various amounts of heavy hydrocarbons (which liquefy at atmospheric pressure), water vapor, sometimes sulfur compounds (such as hydrogen sulfide) and non-hydrocarbon gases (such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen or helium). Raw natural gas is not used, although it is mostly present.
Natural Gas, Wet: Wet natural gas is natural gas with hydrocarbon liquids ≥2 gallons / 1000 ft.3 gas (26 ppm); Hydrocarbons that can liquefy heavier than methane in wet natural gas are economically separated and used as fuel.
Natural Gas, Liquefied (Liquefled Natural Gas, LNG: Supercooled natural gas (methane), liquid at -160 0C; very suitable for non-pipeline transport (eg tankers) as it takes up 1/640 of the original gas volume.
Natural Gas, Sweet: Natural gas that does not contain sulfur or sulfur compounds, or contains so little that such corrosive compounds do not need to be processed directly to be used;
NATURAL GAS: Natural gas is a mixture of light molecular weight hydrocarbons such as methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8). It can be found underground alone or with oil. Natural gas, like oil, is found in the microscopic pores of rocks and flows through the rock to the production wells. Natural gas is decomposed on the surface and heavy hydrocarbons (butane, pentane etc.) contained in it are removed.
NATURAL VENTILATION, 1) Ventilation with natural air in the furnace due to the difference in air density. 2) Sure ventilation. 3) Sure ventilation.
ACCURACY: The combined error of nonlinearity, repeatability, and hysteresis, expressed as a percentage of full scale output.
Weaving: It is the general name given to the fabric formed in the form of a net as a result of the roving or yarns crossing each other and compressing each other.
Nonwoven Roving: They are reinforcement materials that are bonded together without touching, in a single layer or multi-layer in order to provide strength in certain directions. It is used in the aviation and space industry where high mechanical strength and precision are required.
Nonwoven Fabric: It refers to a planar textile structure in which various fiber types are loosely held together by pressing.
Woven Roving: It is a glass fabric obtained by weaving the roving.
Woven Fabric: Simple, twill, satin, one-sided woven fabrics from glass fiber yarns. Usually used in epoxy resin reinforcement. Its main applications are the production of electrical equipment such as printed circuitry, circuit breaker tubes production.
FILL POINT: The level at which a container must be filled to contain a specified content.
Filler (Filler): It is an inert material added to the body that changes the physical, mechanical, basic, electrical and other properties of the material it is added to or reduces the cost. Sometimes the term filler is also used to refer to particle size additives.
FILLING [Riprap] Wall made of broken rock, stone or concrete irregularly put together to prevent embankment erosion.
FILLING THICKNESS: It is the vertical distance between the pipe upper elevation and the natural ground in buried natural gas pipelines.
FILLED TOWER [Packed tower] Pollution control device based on the principle of passing the polluted air through a tower filled with filler (ceramic pieces, wood chips, etc.) and in the meantime, the pollutants are absorbed by spraying liquid on the filling material.
Filling Materials: They are low-cost materials used to add fillers without reducing the unique properties of high-cost resins.
FILLING WIRE: These are the wires in the form of rod or coils that are sent to the arc area manually or mechanized when necessary, especially in welding methods made with non-melting electrodes. The filler wire should have the same or similar chemical properties as the base material.
FILLING STRUCTURE [Infill development] The construction of plots, which are spread in the urban fabric and left empty due to their generally small size, for residential or non-residential purposes.
FILLING: The part of the mold that is used for internal shaping like the threads inside the cover.
Dolomite: They are sedimentary rocks rich in calcium carbonate; They are suitable formations for gas or oil reserves.
DOM [Dissolved organic matter] Dissolved organic matter.
DOMESTIC REGULATOR: These are the regulators installed in cases where the current pressure in the pipeline between the gas delivery point and the gas burning devices is higher than the gas burning pressure.
Freezing Point: The freezing point of a mixture of hydrocarbons is the temperature at which hydrocarbon crystals begin to form.
DOP Di-octyl phthalate
DOS Di-octyl persistence
DOTP Di-octyl terephthalate
DOUBLE JOINT: See… Pre-Join.
DOWNSTREAM (GAS'S MAIN TRANSPORT POINT): It is the name given to the point where the gas is taken from its upstream and transported by pipeline to the station at the entrance of the country / city in the user status.
Unsaturated Polyesters: It is the most used resin type for composites derived from diacids (such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, isophthalic acid) and dialcols (such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, bisphenol A); it is inexpensive, it cures easily.
DOSE Di-octyl azelate
Dosage: It refers to the amount of substance that will enter a compound or mixture.
DOSIMETER: It is a device that measures the amount of Gamma or X radiation. (Ref: Radiographic Examination)
BULK FINISH: A bottle finish that allows for drip-free pouring with a uniform undercut lip surface.
ROTARY PISTON METER: It is a volumetric gas measuring device that works on the principle of recording the gas volume carried by the rotary piston rotated by the gas passing through it. (Attention: Counter)
CYCLE: A storage cycle is a theoretical time that refers to the full filling and emptying of the warehouse. It is usually expressed on an annual basis.
CYCLE: The totality of repetitive operations in a process. Cycle time in molding is the time passed from one specific point in one cycle to another.
FOURTH CLASS SITE (D): It is meant the residential areas with high traffic density and population distribution in the area of 1 km long on the pipeline route and 200 meters wide from the axis of the pipeline. (Ref: Site Class)
FOUR COLOR PRINTING (CMYK): The type of printing made using four primary colors (Blue-Red-Yellow-Black). Also called process printing or multi-color printing.
DPCP Diphenylcresyl phosphate
DPI (DOT PER INCH): It is the resolution measurement unit of die-film exposure machines, monitors and printers. 300 Dpi is used in the offset printing technique. 72-100 dpi is used in digital printing.
DPOP Diphenyl octyl phosphate
DRAIN TANK: These are the tanks in which the oil in the loading arms is kept to be given to the next ship after the loading is completed.
DREYN: It is the process of separating crude oil from water after resting in tanks.
DRIFT: A change in a reading or setpoint value over an extended period of time due to many factors, including changes in ambient temperature, time, and grid voltage.
DSC, DTA: These are analytical methods used for the thermal properties of semi-crystalline plastics. Both methods evaluate the unknown polymer against a known reference.
DUBA (DORFİN): These are the blocks to which the ropes of the ships are tied.
FUME [Fumes] Volatile solid particles, usually smaller than 5 microns, in the form of respirable and cloudy, resulting from the condensation of vapors or a chemical reaction.
SMOKE [Smoke] Visible gaseous suspension of tiny particles, formed as a result of incomplete combustion of a fuel such as coal.
SMOKE DETECTOR: It is a device that detects smoke, which is an indicator of fire.
SMOKE METER [Smokemeter] A device for measuring the density of flue and exhaust gases.
DUP: (Imbalances Settlement Protocol) It is a protocol signed between the Shipper, the Transporter and the Market Operator in triplicate, including settlement of imbalances, management of guarantees for imbalances, settlement of imbalances and follow-up issues and other financial issues.
DURULTMA [Clarification] Separation of soluble floating solids from wastewater by sedimentation, aeration and filtration.
Settling chamber A room that is used in the pre-treatment of particulate matter in combustion chimneys or gases from industrial processes and works with a natural draft chimney. In this room, coarse particulate matter is precipitated and collected by the effect of gravity.
STATIONARY TANK [Settling tank] A tank in which partially purified wastewater is settled in such a way that liquid and solid components can be separated at the end of the trickle filter or active sludge process.
DUV [Dangerous ultraviolet] Dangerous ultraviolet (ultraviolet)
WALL: The thickness of the bottle is usually measured from the inner side walls. Some heavy-wall models produce bottles for improved strength and pressure.
WORLD ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION [WCED = World Commission on Environment and Development] A commission formed by the United Nations that prepared the Brundtland Report, which advocated the adoption of environmental and energy policies that do not deny economic development but do not threaten the world environment.
VERTICAL TAKE-OFF AND INIS [VTOL = Vertical takeoff and landing] Aircraft suitable for vertical take-off and landing, providing space economy at airports and also eliminating certain hazards in traditional take-offs and landings.
LOW PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK: Natural gas distribution network with operating pressure of maximum 100 mbar is called low pressure distribution network.
Flexibility at low temperature (See. Flexibility at low temperature)
LOW DENSITY PE: It is a polyethylene pipe material with a density between 0,910 - 0,925 gr / cm³. (Interest: Medium Density PE, High Density PE)
Plain weaving: It is a simple weaving technique in which weft and warp fibers come one after the other.
STRAIGHT VALVE: A valve whose inlet and outlet hole centers are on the same axis. UNCORMED VALUE (m³): It is the amount of gas under operating conditions that is read only from the counter on the meter at certain time intervals.
CORRECTED VALUE (Stdm³): The uncorrected value coming from the meter or the dP value coming from the orifismeter and the pressure measured in the field, the temperature value and, if any, the values from the gas chromatograph are the amount of gas in Stdm3 calculated with the values in the memory of the flow computer at reference conditions (15 OC, 1.01325 bar).
REGULATION FEES: It is the fee to be paid by the shipper.
LEVEL [Grade] Ground level.
TO
E Glass Fiber: It is a type of glass with a maximum alkali content of 2.0% and containing calcium aluminum borosilicate. General purpose fiber is suitable for laminates to be used in electrical applications due to its high strength feature. It is frequently used in reinforcement of plastics.
EAA [Electrical aerosol analyzer] Electric aerosol analyzer.
EAM Ethylene-vinyl acetate rubber
EC [Effect concentration; environmental concentration] Impact concentration; environmental condensation.
EC Ethyl cellulose
Ecd [Electron capture detector] electron capture detector.
ECO Epichlorohydrin ethylene oxide copolymer
ECTFE: Ethylene chlorotrifluoro ethylene copolymer. Among amphoteric agents, phospholipids (eg lecithin), ampholyte soaps (eg betaine) and proteins (eg gelatin, casein) can be sold.
EDAFIK [Edaphic] It's about the soil and its impact on plant and animal life.
EF [Emission factor; enrichment factor] Emission factor.
EFFECT LACQUER: It is generally used as post-printing application, it gives a sandy appearance to the pictures and graphics that are desired to be emphasized by applying on paper and PVC.
EFEO [Environmentally favorable energy options] Environmentally favorable energy options.
Effluent: Waste liquid, gas or vapors from processes.
Inclination: It is the taper that is given to the edges of the female mold and diver and enables the part to be removed easily. The amount of curvature depends on the design of the part.
Bending Strength: It is the highest bending stress that can occur on the fiber surface in a beam. Flexural strength can also be defined as the unit resistance shown by the sample piece before breaking against the greatest load. It is expressed as the force acting per unit area.
Flexural Modulus: It is the ratio between the stress or deformation that occurs in a material and the load or stress that causes it.
Bending Modulus: It is defined as the ratio of the bending stress applied to a test piece within the elastic limits to the tensile value acting on the fiber at the furthest point.
Inclination Angle: It is the angle of inclination given on a mold or mandrel that facilitates the removal of the molded product.
Inclination: The vertical surfaces of the mold designed to facilitate the removal of the molded parts from the mold are inclined or progressively thinned.
Pitched roof: Roof with a slope greater than 5%.
Bending force: It is the maximum force you apply in the bending test.
Flexural modulus / tensile modulus: Flexural modulus is the ratio of applied force to bending. It gives information about the stiffness of the material. Tensile modulus is also used for the same purpose, it is the ratio of applied force to extension and generally gives more accurate results than bending modulus.
EIA [Environmental impact assessment] Environmental impact assessment.
EIL [Environmental impairment liability] Responsibility for environmental degradation.
EKISTIK [Ekistics] A science that studies human settlements.
EQUIPMENT LAYER [Ekman layer] The layer where the wind in the close atmosphere or the upper currents in the oceans change direction with height or depth.
ECOLOGY [Ecology] The discipline that studies the relationships of organisms with each other and their environment.
ECOLOGICAL LOCATION [Niche] Its place in an ecological habitat that provides all the necessary conditions for a species to survive,
ECOSPHERE [Ecosphere] The part of the earth containing living things; The biosphere and the atmosphere where there is mutual interaction, hydrosphere and lithosphere cross-section.
ECOSYSTEM [Ecosystem] A self-sufficient plant and animal community that is in contact with each other and with a non-living environment.
ECOTON [Ecotone] A transitional zone between the rainforest and two ecological communities, such as the adjacent woodland or pasture.
AXIAL FLEXIBLE CONNECTION PART: It is a flexible connection element that is used to meet the axial movements in gas pipelines and installations.
Extract: It is an oil / distillate-containing solvent that is dissolved in a selective solvent in a solvent refining process; or, in other words, it is a byproduct of the solvent extraction unit.
Extruder: It is an equipment that homogenises plastic materials by melting and pressurizing them with a worm screw and sends the material to the water or mold through a suitable adapter after passing through a sieve or strainer; The material, pressed in suitable conditions and in suitable molds, can be drawn in desired shapes.
SOUR GAS: It is a natural gas containing a significant amount of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) in its composition. (Interest: Natural gas)
Exotherm: The release and spread of heat released during the hardening reaction of a plastic product.
Exothermic: Reactions that result in the release of heat, such as in the combustion of a fuel.
Hand Lay-up: It is a labor-intensive molding method in which the reinforcement material is laid manually in the mold and the reinforcement material that can be wetted with resin is subjected to the rolling process.
Elastic modulus: In the tensile graph, it is the ratio of tensile force to elongation. Elastic modulus is sometimes referred to as Young's Modulus.
Elastic Modulus: It is the ratio of the stress applied to a substance or object to the relaxation (strain) in that stress, or it is the proportional constant between stress and relaxation.
Elasticity Coefficient: It is the equivalent of Young's modulus during the tensile test.
Elasticity: It is the property of the material to regain and protect its original size and shape after the factors that cause deformation are removed.
ELASTICITY LIMIT: It is the limit where the elastic property of the material ends. If additional load is applied to the material above its elastic limit, permanent deformation occurs.
Elasticity (Flexibility): It is the ability of the material to return to its original dimensions and shape after deformation.
Elasto Hydrodynamic Lubrication: When the load or pressure on the lubricant applies more shear stress to the oil than the surface on which it is placed, the oil film between the surfaces breaks and the surfaces are deformed by contact with each other. In such conditions lubricants containing high pressure additives should be used; These increase the contact area of the oil on the surfaces and prevent the oil film from rupturing.
ELASTOMER MATERIAL: It is a material that shows properties similar to rubber and is generally produced synthetically. (Interest: Flexible Gasket)
Elastomer Types They are basically divided into three groups; general purpose elastomers, special elastomers and thermoplastic elastomers.
Elastomer: It is the material that regains its original size and shape at room temperature after the factor causing deformation is removed.
Elastomeric bitumen: Bitumen modified with thermo-plastic rubbers.
Elastomeric: These are polymers that have the elastic properties of natural rubber; polyurethane, butyl rubber, silicones and ethylene-propylene copolymers that have undergone special processing.
Elastomers: They are polymeric materials that can be cured very well and when stretched at room temperature (low tension), the stress that extends at least twice its length is removed and immediately returns to its former boiler; They solidify in a glassy appearance below 0 0C and do not turn into a viscous fluid even at high temperatures. They exhibit elastic behavior between the temperature at which they become glassy and their decomposition temperatures. Its deformation and elastic properties are similar to natural rubber. The properties of thermoset elastomers are similar to vulcanized rubber, while thermoplastic elastomers are re-moldable.
SIEVE (SALT) PEAK: Making the top of a container perforated
ELECTRIC ARC WELDING: It is the name given to welding processes performed with electrical energy and the heat energy generated by the arc obtained with the help of an electrode. In this method, pressure or filler wire (in applications with non-melting electrodes) is used when required.
ELECTRIC INSULATION FEATURE: It is the positive result of the insulating coating applied on the steel pipe surface in the high voltage electrical current test. (Interest: Coating Thickness)
ELECTRODIALIZATION [Electrodialysis] Electrochemical process used to desalinate water.
ELECTROLYTE: It is the name given to solution, soil, water or moist materials that contain ions that conduct electric current. (Interest: Cathodic Protection)
Electrolysis: It is a method of separating the bound elements in a compound by electric current; For example, in a typical brine (sodium chloride) electrolysis used in industrial chlorine gas production, chlorine gas is released at the anode and hydrogen gas at the cathode. Or, hydrogen and oxygen gases are produced by electrolysis of water.
ELECTRONIC BULLETIN TABLE (EBT): It is an electronic notice board established for the parties operating in the natural gas market to follow the market movements and operated by the Transporter.
ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITER [Electrostatic precipitator] Effective cleaning method in which the gas carrying these particles is subjected to the process of sedimentation before releasing these particles to the atmosphere,
ELECTRODE BAR: In electric arc welding method; It is a consumable manufactured in the form of rods or coils in various diameters and lengths forming the welding arc, weld metal and protective slag for the welding process. There are two main types of electrodes, melting and non-melting. Melting electrodes are manufactured either as bare wire (in coil) or as a rod covered with a special chemical compound (cover). Non-melting electrodes are carbon or tungsten type electrodes used only to form the arc, and filler wire (additional metal) is used when necessary during the welding process.
ELECTRODE COVER: It is made of special chemical substances (silicates, fluorides) that facilitate the initiation of the arc covered on the electrode rod (core) and ensure its stability, and also protect the weld metal from atmospheric effect by creating a slag layer and smoke on the weld metal (seam) and add various alloy elements to the weld metal when necessary. , oxides etc.). (Interest: Covered Electrode)
ELECTRODE POTENTIAL: The potential measured against a reference electrode. (Interest: Cathodic Protection)
SCREENING [Screening] Separation of floating and suspended solids from lagim water using a kind of sieve; removing foreign matter from a compost.
Fiber Diameter: It is the measurement of the diameter of each filament.
Fiber Trace Appearance: These are the fibers visible on the final product surface.
Fiber Material: It refers to all kinds of durable fibers and fiber-containing reinforcement materials bonded to the matrix to increase the mechanical properties of the matrix material.
Fiber Ratio: It is the amount of fiber in the composite product. Fiber ratio is expressed as a percentage by weight and volume, relative to the composite product as a whole.
Fiber Wrapping: It is a molding method used for the production of composite products, which is applied by winding glass fibers to a rotating mandrel after resin impregnation, before or during winding. When the reinforcement layers on the mandrel, which can be wound at different angles, reach the desired thickness, the product wrapped on the mold is removed from the mold after it is hardened on the mold.
Fiber Direction: It is the orientation or alignment of the fibers at an angle determined longitudinally according to the specified axis.
Fiber: It is a general term used for filament materials. Usually, the word fiber is used synonymously with the word filament.
EMA: Engine Manufacturers Association.
EMISSION Discharge of gas or mixtures of gas and particles to the atmosphere.
EMISSION INVENTORY [Emission inventory] List of major air pollutants emitted into the air in a specific geographical area. The listing is made by considering the amount (day / ton) and the source of pollution.
EMISSION STANDARD [Emmission standard] The maximum amount of pollutants that can be legally evacuated from a particular source under certain conditions. It is also called the Bosaltim standard.
EMISSION: Application of light sensitive chemicals on materials such as film, paper, mold.
Emissions: These are the products that are formed by the combustion of fuels and pollute the environment. For example, three major pollutant emissions from gasoline engines are unburned hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Diesel-powered vehicles emit more particulate (particulate) substances (PM) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions.
SAFETY PRESSURE: It is the highest pressure allowed in natural gas networks and installations, and at the same time, if this pressure is exceeded, it is the pressure at which the safety valves are activated and the gas line is closed or the gas is throttled or the gas evacuated.
SAFETY CLOSING SYSTEM: It is a combination of control circuits related to valves.
SAFETY RESPONSE TIME: The time elapsed from the moment the safety pressure is reached to the activation of the safety valves in natural gas networks and installations is called the safety response time.
SAFETY TOLERANCE: It is the amount of deviation given as a percentage from the theoretical value of the safety pressure.
SAFETY VALVE: It is the device that prevents the rupture of the main membrane or the regulator from being out of service by discharging the sudden pressure fluctuations that occur in the regulator to the outside atmosphere or the discharge line.
SAFETY VALVE: Devices used to protect the system against pressure changes that occur in the natural gas network or installations at the outlet of the pressure reduction station and exceed the allowable safety pressures. (Reference: Pressure Reducing Station, Relief Safety Valve, Closing Safety Valve)
Emulsifier (Surfactant): Emulsifiers are surfactants that usually contain hydrophilic (polar, 'water-loving') and lithophilic (nonpolar, 'oil-loving') groups in their molecular structure (surfactant is a surfactant that reduces the surface tension of a liquid).
Emulsion: Sensitive substance poured into the mold. (Photosensitive substance)
Emulsion: It is a stable mixture of two insoluble liquids; One of the liquids (dispersed phase or inner phase) is uniformly dispersed in the other (continuous phase or outer phase) in the form of very fine droplets. For example, oil-in-water, water-in-oil or multiple emulsions (oil-water-oil or water-oil-water).
EMULSION: Sensitive substance poured into the mold. (Photosensitive substance)
THE LARGEST GAS FLOW: It is the largest rated output flow that the regulator can control. (Interest: Regulator Flow Rate)
BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY [BAT = best available technology] Technology that can reduce pollution to the maximum, regardless of cost or proven to be applied. Optimum technological process.
THE MOST USEFUL ENVIRONMENTAL OPTION [BPEO = Best practicable environmental option] The concept that emphasizes that the solution against a pollutant in a specific environment (sea, air, soil) should be considered as the possibility that it may cause pollution in another environment.
SMALLEST GAS FLOW: It is the smallest rated output flow that the regulator can control. (Interest: Regulator Flow Rate)
MOST PROBABLE NUMBER [MPN = Most probable number] Statistical estimation of the number of bacteria in contaminated water based on probability formulas.
HIGHEST REAL OPERATING PRESSURE: It is the maximum gas pressure encountered during the normal operation period of natural gas pipelines for one year.
HIGHEST AND BEST USE [Highest and best use] Optimal use of a place. ENDEMIC [Endemic] Indigenous species of a particular region.
Endothermic: These are reactions that occur provided that heat is given.
ENDRIN [Endrin] A broad spectrum insecticide, highly toxic to the class of chlorinated hydrocarbons.
INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER [Industrial sewage] Waste water from industrial processes. It is caused by raw materials, products or materials used in manufacturing.
ENERGY CONVERSION [Energy conversion] The transformation of one form of energy into another.
ENERGY CONSERVATION [Energy conservation] Controlled use of energy sources in relation to construction laws, land use regulations, transport policy and alternative energy sources.
The energy content (or heat of combustion) is the heat released by the combustion of a certain amount of fuel under specific conditions; It is defined in gravimetric (energy / fuel weight) or volumetric (energy / fuel volume) units. The international metric units (SI) are megajoules / kilogram (MJ / kg) and megajoules / liter (MJ / L), respectively; Btu / lb and Btu / gal units are also used.
Energy: It is the capacity to do work.
INHIBITORS Chemical substances that stop or slow down the functioning of a system; Substances added to petroleum products to prevent spoilage.
INJECTION COST: It is the price to be charged over the amount of natural gas injection.
INJECTION PERIOD: It is the period between April 1 and October 16.
INJECTION PREPARATION PERIOD: It is the period between March 25th and March 31st. INJECTOR: It is the burner element in which the air required for the combustion of the gas coming from the jet part of the burner is mixed partially or completely.
INJECTION MOLDING: It is a molding process in which molten or liquefied plastic under pressure is forced from a cylinder into a cooled mold in the desired shape.
Injection Molding: It is the method of obtaining the plastic as desired by transferring the thermoplastic polymer that is softened with heat to a cold cavity under pressure or transferring a thermoset polymer to a heated mold.
INJECTION INFLATOR MOLD: It is a blow molding process in which the parison to be blown is removed from the injection mold.
INJECTION: In the period when the consumption amount decreases, the gas pumping to the natural gas storages is called injection.
INJECTOR JET: It is a detachable and adjustable element that constitutes a part of the injector.
ENTROPI [Entropy] Measurement of unused energy; measurement of the level of disorder in a system. ENZYME [Enzyme] Living substance specific catalyst.
INVENTORY: The amount of working gas held by the Storage Company on the account of the Service User at the storage facility.
EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery): Increased Oil Production.
EP Epoxy
EPA [Environmental Protection Agency] Environmental protection agency.
EMRA: Energy Market Regulatory Authority.
EPDM Ethylene-propylene-diene rubber
EPDM: Ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber.
EPIDEMIOLOGY [Epidemiology] The science of medicine concerned with the study of the frequency and prevalence of diseases in a population.
EPM Ethylene-propylene rubber
Epoxy Resin: Thermoset polymers used in the production of plastics and adhesives, and when mixed with curing compounds, they turn into cross-linked structures; For example, bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin epoxy resin:
Epoxy: Meraptans are polymerizable thermoset polymers containing one or more epoxy groups, which can be cured by reacting with acid anhydride, carbolic acids, phenols, alcohols and amines. It is an important matrix resin for composites and structural adhesives.
EPP: Expanded polypropylene (foamed)
EPR: Ethylene propylene rubber.
EPS (ENCAPSULATED POSTSCRİPT): It is a file containing both the image and Postscript orders.
EPS: Expanded polystyrene (foamed)
EPS: Expanded polystyrene.
EQO [Environmental quality objective] Environmental quality objective.
EQS [Environmental quality standard] Environmental quality standard.
ER [Endogenous respiration] Internal breathing.
OUT OF ACCESS AREA [Nonattainment area] An area that exceeds national air quality standards for any air pollutants.
Melting temperature: The temperature at which the crystalline phase disappears in semi-crystalline polymers. Semi-crystalline polymers have a specific melting temperature, while amorphous polymers have a wide transition range instead of a certain temperature.
MALE CLICKER: It is the cliché on the pressure side during the depressing or embossing processes.
Erosion The process by which rock particles and soil break away from their original places, move and stay elsewhere, as a result of air or human intervention.
Erosion: It is the mechanical erosion of the material (like rock) due to high speed fluid or wind.
ERVİS BOX: It is the box containing a 300 mbar (millibar) or 21 mbar building regulator and regulator battery at the end of the service line.
ESA [Environmentally sensitive area] Environmentally sensitive area.
LASTING CURVES [Isobars] Lines connecting equal barometric pressure points on weather charts; These lines create details of air flow that are important for pollution dispersion.
ESD (ENERGY SHUT DOWN): It is to protect itself by cutting the energy of the system.
WORK ELEMENTS [Trace elements] Lead found at very low concentrations in air, water and food, copper, zinc, arsenic, mercury and vanadium, etc. elements like.
THROTTLE DOSE [Threshold dose] The minimum dose of a substance that must be administered to produce a measurable effect. The minimum measurable dose.
THROTTLE LIMIT VALUE [TLV = Threshold limit value] The maximum pollutant dose that a worker can be exposed to and is not dangerous to him.
BROWN COAL [Brown coal] Low quality coal; lignite.
FLEXIBLE CONNECTION PART: It is the connection element that protects the main system from the effects of these movements by meeting the expansion, contraction, vibration, bending and similar movements occurring in the pipeline and its installation. (Relevance: Angular Flexible Connection Part, Axial Flexible Connection Part, Bellows, Universal Flexible Connection Part, Lateral Flexible Connection Part)
FLEXIBLE GASKET: It is a sealing element made of elastomer material used to provide sealing. (Attention: Gasket)
Flexible Molds: They are molds made of rubber or elastomer plastics used for casting plastics. They allow reverse angle parts to be molded.
FLEXIBLE HINGE: One-piece hinge made of flexible plastic.
FLEXIBLE TIME [Flexible time] Variable working hours.
Elasticity Limit: It is the highest load value that a material can withstand without permanent deformation.
FLEXIBILITY: Allowance of a substance to bend without breaking.
AESTHETIC FILLING: Filling up to a special level where the level is visible in transparent packaging
Equivalent Tension: It is the process of keeping each of the bundle ends under the same tension in a roving bobbin.
EXCHANGER: It is a water heating unit that heats through pipes coiled in the form of a coil through which the heating fluid passes. Heat is transferred to the cold water surrounding the coil-shaped heater pipes. Hot water and water to be heated do not mix. This unit is not used as a hot water tank. 50 51
Wall Thickness: It expresses half of the difference between the outer diameter and inner diameter of the pipes.
ETAN (C2H6): Ethane is one of the main elements that make up natural gas as well as methane. Its boiling point is -84.4 ° C. It is a dry, colorless and odorless gas at normal ambient temperature. It is used as a raw material (input) in the production of ethylene.
SKIRT [Boom] Device used to prevent the spread of oil spills in the water.
SKIRT SCISSORS REVOLTA (EMR): It is the way of turning the paper in printing. It is a type of printing made by bringing the scissors side to the skirt and the skirt side to the scissors after the first side of the paper is printed. Posing is the same in front and back printing. It is made by twisting the skirt-scissors revolta and turning it forward.
LABEL BOARD: The flat part of the body of the bottle where a label can be affixed.
ETHYLENE: It is a colorless gas obtained by the separation method. It boils at -103.7 ° C. It is used as a raw material (feedstock) to obtain many petrochemical products (such as plastic and fiber type materials).
AFFECTED PARTY: A party that cannot fulfill its obligations as a result of force majeure.
EFFECTIVE CHIMNEY HEIGHT: It is the height difference between the point where the waste gas enters the chimney and the flue mouth (the mouth where the waste gas leaves the chimney) (TS 11386, TS 11388, TS 11389).
ETOBUR; ETCHER [Carnivore] A creature that provides energy by eating meat.
Ethoxylates: Detergent alcohol ethoxylates are obtained by reacting linear alcohols with ethylene oxide with a basic catalyst such as potassium hydroxide; The ethylene oxide / alcohol ratio (molar) in the final product ranges from 2 to 40. Cationic surfactants are invert soaps; such as quaternary ammonium salts (for example lauryldimethyl-benzylammonium chloride) and pyridine salts (for example cetylpyridinibromide). Nonionic surfactants are generally macromolecules or polymeric compounds; fatty alcohols (lauryl, cetyl, stearyl), polyalcohols containing partially fatty acid esters (glycerine monostearate), sorbitan esters of fatty acids (sorbitan monopalmitate), polyethylene glycol ethers (PEG 200 lauryl ether), cholesterol, polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters (PEG 400 stearate) , polysorbates or PEG sorbitan fatty acid esters (PEG 200 sorbitan monostearate, polysorbate 60). Basic surfactants fall into four groups; anionic (soaps), cationic (invert-reversed-soaps), amphoteric and nonionic. Anionic surfactants are soaps; such as sodium palmitate, sodiumlaurylsulfate, triethanolaminoleate.
EU Polyether urethane rubber
EUROMAP: European union of Machinery Manufacturers for the Plastics and Rubber Industries
DOMESTIC ALLERGENS [Indoors allergens] Household powders containing animal and plant debris, pollen, spores and algae (algae).
EVA Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer
EVOH Ethylene vinyl alcohol
Domestic sewage Wastewater from homes and businesses, including non-industrial sewage from factories.
DOMESTIC WASTE WATER TREATMENT [Sewage treatment] Waste water treatment process to reduce the danger to health and the environment; It is a holistic process in which mechanical processes are used first, followed by biological and chemical processes.
DOMESTIC WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT Sewage treatment plant Subsidiary facility in which wastewater is treated and prepared for the final disposal phase.
EX QUAY: It is a form of shipment and delivery used in international trade. It is used to mean delivery at the dock.
EX SHIP: It is a form of shipment and delivery used in international trade. It means delivery on board.
EX WORKS: It is a form of shipment and delivery used in international trade. It is used to mean delivery in commercial enterprises.
Exjection: Injection molding process for the production of long structured components
EZME: Book, Catalog etc. The process performed to remove the air between the uniforms during the sewing phase. It is also applied before the cover is attached to the sewn book, catalaog, etc. It is necessary for the thickness of the back to be fixed.
F
LINE F: It is the filling line selected according to which tank the crude oil coming through the pipeline will go to before entering the tanks.
Facies: A rock fragment that defines all the characteristics and composition of a rock formation; such as mineralogical structure and sedimentary source, fossil content, sedimentary structure and tissue features that distinguish facies from each other. For example, A. Amphibolite facies pelitic schist, B. Amphibolite facies calcium silicate rock
Fatty Acid: Monobasic (each molecule has a replaceable hydrogen atom) organic acids, the general formula of which is CnH2n + 1COOH. Fatty acids are obtained from natural fats or oils; It is generally used in the production of soaps in grease production.
FAUNA [Fauna] The life of all animals other than humans, pertaining to a geological period or locality.
Fault (Fracture): A part of the crust is broken, fragmented and a fault occurs with the effect of the forces resulting from the movement of the earth crust layers. Faults often occur in earthquakes caused by the mutual (towards each other) rapid movements of the layers. Faults are classified as "normal" or "reverse" faults according to their horizontal or vertical movements.
FCC (Fluid Catalytic Cracking): Catalytic cracking; It is a conversion process applied to obtain more gasoline. At high temperatures (around 10000F) and low pressures, heavy fractions are converted into valuable light molecules that can be blended into gasoline using a powder catalyst.
FCV (FLOW CONTROL VALVE): Flow Control Valve.
FDA: Food and Drug Administration
FE-25 FIRE SYSTEM: These are systems in control buildings that contain the oxygen-suffocating chemical HFC 125 Pen - tafluoroethane, do not damage the ozone layer, and can intervene automatically in a very short time by means of detectors in case of fire.
Feedstock: Powder / binder mixture (for PIM injection molding process)
Feedstock: Raw material
Phenolic Resin: It is a thermoset resin obtained by condensation of phenol with an aldehyde (preferably formaldehyde); Used in high temperature applications by mixing with various fillers and reinforcements.
Phenolic: It is a thermoset resin produced by the condensation of an aldehyde and aromatic alcohol, especially formaldehyde and phenol.
PHENOLES [Phenols] Aromatic compounds in industrial wastewater with toxic effects for human and aquatic life, used in the production of agricultural drugs, pharmaceutical products, tanning agents, resins and paints.
FENS: It is a wire mesh built around the A and CA type stations and some other natural gas facilities for security purposes.
FEP Fluoro ethylene-propylene copolymer
FEP: Fluorinated ethylene propylene
FERAL [Feral] Animals or plants living in wild conditions.
Fermentation: It is the decomposition of carbonaceous compounds by microorganisms into products such as alcohols, acids or high energy gases.
FERSUDE: Distorted papers in printing and post-printing processes, which usually occur during the preparation phase and cannot be used in any other way.
FFKM Fluorinated rubber
FIPFG: Formed in place foam gasket
FIT: Fluid injection technology (injection molding technology)
FITOPLANKTON [Phytoplankton] Vegetable plankton.
FITTING (CONNECTION ELEMENTS): These are additional parts that serve to join or separate the pipelines. See… Fasteners
FIZIKO-CHEMICAL TREATMENT [Physico-chemical tretment] All treatment steps in wastewater treatment including physical and chemical processes such as coagulation, softening and precipitation.
Fiber, Carbon: Look. Carbon Fiber
Fiber, Polymeric: Polymers with high crystallinity and low elasticity; These are products obtained by stretching the polymeric chains and arranging them in the same direction and very close to each other.
Fiber: They are strong and durable materials in the form of long or short splinters; It can be polymeric or inorganic (such as glass wool) based. Long or short fibers can be used as reinforcement in composites; The thermoset resin in the mixture acts as a binder. In thermoplastics, very short fibers with very small surface cross-section are more suitable. They are the most used glass fibers.
Filament: Each glass fiber flowing through the hive holes is called a filament. It can be in different thicknesses depending on the product type. Filament diameter unit is micron.
FILM BATH: It is the process required for the transformation of the hidden image into a permanent visible image. Film development takes place in a dark room. Then the film is subjected to drying process. (Ref: Radiographic Examination)
FILM DOSIMETER: It is a package consisting of suitable photographic film and filters used by personnel working in radiological works in order to measure the amount of irradiation from absorbed radiation. (Ref: Radiographic Examination)
FILM SPEED: It is the measurement of the photographic material's response to the radiant energy for certain conditions of exposure, processing and imaging. (Ref: Radiographic Examination)
FILM DENSITY: Density is a measure of film darkening in terms of quantity and is calculated according to the formula given below. Intensity: D, Light intensity incident on the film: p, Light intensity passing through the film: I D = log (p / I)
Film: In the field of packaging, film is a thin and elastic layer of a non-fibrous organic material.
FILTER: It is the material on the flow meters that allows the oil to be filtered.
Fischer-Tropsch Diesel: It is a synthetic product that can be obtained from natural gas, coal, refinery bottom products, heavy oils and biomass; GTL (gas to liquid; gas to liquid) is also defined as diesel. FTD has some advantages over diesel fuel produced from crude oil; The most important of these are that it has a very high cetane number and does not contain sulfur.
Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FT): These are syntheses developed to obtain long-chain aliphatic liquid hydrocarbons from carbon monoxide and hydrogen in a catalyzed environment; It was developed in 1923 by the German F. Fischer and H. Tropsch. The reaction can be illustrated simply by the following equation.
FISK HOLE / SUSPENDED CLOSURES: A two-piece closure system in which both parts are connected by flexible hinges. One part ensures the connection of the bottle, tube or jar with gears, while the other provides the closing mechanism.
Roving Coil: It is the unit package obtained by winding the roving as a bobbin in a certain outer age dimension.
Roving: It refers to the coils obtained by directly winding the glass fibers flowing from the shells containing many holes or by winding the glass fiber bundles parallel to each other without twisting.
FEASIBILITY: It is a scientific fact-based study that includes economic and technical aspects of an investment project, which includes the place of establishment, legal problems and financing researches, and gives the opportunity to discuss the effectiveness of the project.
FKM Fluorinated rubber
Flange / Dividing Dam: A temporary fixture that gets plugged in when creating multi-piece molds. This generally creates a surface for the materials to be molded, perpendicular to the plane of symmetry of separation. The flange helps to clamp or bolt the mold sections together and also acts as a mounting point during vacuum bagging operations.
Flange: Refers to the bolted connection element.
FLANGE: These are fasteners manufactured from various materials, in different diameters and thicknesses, used to connect two pipes or pipe hardware elements mutually with the help of bolts.
Flare: Chimney
FLASH: The plastic added to the mold in the slitting line is taken back before this part is finished.
Flashing: It is the sudden evaporation of the heated oil under pressure in a tower by lowering its pressure.
Flexible coking: Fluid coking is a process followed by the coke gasification process.
Flexo Printing: It is a branch of direct high printing system. It is a printing method based on the principle of passing the inked images in the work areas that remain high on the surface of the printing mold on the printing material under the effect of pressure. It is a printing technique with a rubber mold. The printing parts of the printing molds of the printing molds used in the flexo printing method are high. The non-printing parts of the printing molds are deep. Flexo printing machines print on rotary rolled paper or plastic foils. Flexo printing system is mostly used in packaging, label and newspaper printing.
Flexo printing molds: There are two main types of molds that are separated according to the preparation method in flexo printing. These are tire and rubber molds.
FLEXO PRINTING: It is the type of printing made in rotary printing machines with raised plastic or rubber molds. The coil prints on paper or plastic foils. Flexo printing system is mostly used in packaging, label and newspaper printing. Aniline dye: It is an organic dye obtained from coal ether. Used in flexo printing.
FLEXIBEL HOSE: The Universal Flexible Connection Part is the material used in the distribution of the region in the Drain tank inlets and outlets and in the fire foot cooling.
FLIGRAN: The stamp that is in paper and is generally created when water is concentrated in paper making.
Flock Point: The temperature at which wax-structured materials begin to separate from a mixture of oil and freon R-12; Also called the Freon flock point.
FLOR [Fluorine] Reactive gas similar to chlorine.
FLORA [Flora] Plant life associated with a geological period or area.
FLORIDES [Fluorides] Compounds containing fluorine.
FLORING: It is a surface treatment for polyethylene that improves barrier properties against solvents and non-polar materials.
FLOW COMPUTER: (Flow Computer - semi) It is the equipment that is equipped in the Measurement Lines to determine the delivered Natural Gas flow amount and determines the flow amount by using the pressure, differential pressure, flow rate, temperature and Gas analysis data detected in these lines.
FLOW CONTROL VALVE: These are the valves that allow the flow rate to pass at the desired flow rate.
FLOWMETER: It is the name given to the tools used to measure the flow rate.
Fludized Bed: Fluidized bed.
FUND SHARE: The share paid by real persons and institutions at the rate of 10% of income or corporate tax.
Functional Polymer: These are polymers containing reactive groups in the skeleton chain; such as maleic anhydride grafted polyolefins.
FORE PILE: It is a pile made by driving a pipe, after emptying the inside, putting the iron and removing the casing pipe as the concrete is poured.
FORMA: It is the smallest folded printed paper form to be a part of a book, catalog, brooch etc. consisting of 4-8-16 pages. It is one of the basic calculation units used in printing, and it consists of 16 pages, eight front and eight back. The sheet is obtained by folding the paper clockwise three times. The print account is planned as 4, 8, 16 and 32 ... pages in multiples of 4. 4-page planning is expressed as quarter form, 8-page planning is expressed as half-form, and 16-page planning is expressed as full form.
Formation Stimulation (Propulsion): It is a technique that enables more production from a reservoir with processes such as acidification, crushing or simple sandblasting.
FORMAT: Type, size, shape and layout of a page or printed material
Formation: Formation, reservoir.
Forsa: Pressure adjustment between two boilers.
FORSA: It is the pressure adjustment between two boilers in cutting machines with pedal, boiler etc.
Phosphate Esters: These types of fluids synthesized from phosphorus oxychloride and alcohols or phenols are used both as base stock and as antiwear additives (in mineral and synthetic lubricating oils). Its thermal stability is good, pour points are between –25 and –5 0C. However, the very low viscosity indexes limit high temperature applications.
PHOSPHATES [Phosphates] Phosphorus compounds that are essential nutrients for plants and are the normal component of human and animal gida; it also occurs in sewage and agricultural runoff and causes eutrophication in water formations.
FOSSIL FUELS [Fossil fuels] Coal, oil, natural gas and so on. All natural organic fuels such as. Fossil fuels consist of the decomposition of plant and animal matter underground over millions of years.
FOSSIL FUEL, Coal, petroleum, ground gas and peat formed by sedimentation (bedding) and fossilization (petrification) of plant and animal residues in geological periods. Nuclear fuel and wood are non-fossil fuels.
Fossil Fuel: Organic fuels, such as petroleum, coal or natural gas, occur naturally underground.
FOSSIL FUELS, such as Peat, lignite, coal, crude oil or natural gas; The type of fuel that consists of plant and animal residues.
FOSSIL, Between layers of sedimentary rock, stone, animal and plant shells, bones, teeth, stems, leaves and so on. parts and all kinds of molds and traces of them. The transformation of creatures that lived in geological ages into fossils with the help of certain physical and chemical events after their death is called fossilization. Fossils are generally as old as the rocks in which they were buried.
PHOSSIL SCIENCE, Paleontology. -> Geology.
FOSGEN [Phosgene] Colorless, irritating gas.
PHOTOJEOLOGY, A branch of geology, which is used to determine the geological characters of the earth and to make structural, lithological, geological maps and mine prospections to determine the underground richness with the help of aerial photographs (stereos-copik). -> Figure.
PHOTOCHEMICAL FUME [Photochemical smog] Smoke or haze caused by the photochemical reaction caused by strong sunlight in air polluted by emissions of hydrocarbon and azide oxides from industrial processes and automobile exhaust gases.
Photopolymer molds: Molds produced from polymer (plastic) material by photomechanical methods are called photopolymer molds. These molds are generally made in a bendable manner.
Photopolymer: Plastic cliché main material.
PHOTOCENTESIS [Photosynthesis] The process by which plants containing chlorophyll form carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water in the atmosphere by using sunlight as an energy source, and releasing the released oxygen to the atmosphere.
Photosynthesis: It is the carbohydrate production mechanism through the chlorophyll of plants; O2 and water vapor are released into the air while carbon is retained as plant food.
PHOTOVOLTAIK METHOD [Photovoltaics] The method of generating electricity from light using photocells, as in the example of solar energy.
FOYA, Metal foil placed under the ornamental stones, especially diamond, to give a brighter appearance.
FPC [Fish protein concentrate] Concentrated fish protein.
FPOM [Fine particulate organic matter] Fine particulate organic matter.
FR Polyisopropene rubber
Fraction: One of the portions obtained in fractionated distillation; It has a limited boiling range.
FREATIK [Phreatic] It's about groundwater.
FREON [Freon] Widely used chlorofluorocarbon.
FSRU: It is a floating storage and regasification terminal.
Fuel Gas: Fuel gas is refinery gas used in heating.
Fuel Oil, Heavy: They are residual fuels; densities> 900 kg / l, flash points> 50 0C and kinematic viscosities> 10 cSt at 80 0C.
Fuel Oil, Light: They are middle distillate fuels, they evaporate easily.
Fuel Oil, Medium: Heavy distillate fuels or distillate / residual fuel blends.
G
G LINE: It is the ship loading line that goes from the tank yard to the pier.
GABARİ: It is the maximum height specified in the zoning plan of a building to be built.
GAC [Granular activated carbon] Granular activated carbon.
Gage (or gauge): Gauge, measure, unit, gauge, gauge
Gage block: Johnson infinitive
GALVANIC ANODE LIFE: It is the maximum time that the anode can deliver current at a certain current intensity. Lifetime calculation is made according to Faraday Law.
GALVANIC ANODE EFFICIENCY: It is the ratio of the amount of current drawn from 1 Kg of anode mass to the amount of current it can theoretically give. (Interest: Cathodic Protection)
GALVANIC ANODE: Metal anodes that show more active (electronegative) potential than Iron (Fe) such as Magnesium (Mg) and Zinc (Zn). Gal - vanic anode is buried in the ground in a cloth bag or special container and works like a battery circuit and protects the main steel structure while consuming current within its body. (Interest: Cathodic Protection)
Galvanizing: Galvanizing
GAMMA RAY SOURCE: It is a radioactive material made of noble metal and encapsulated in a thin capsule that emits a gamma ray beam suitable for radiography. (Ref: Radiographic Examination)
GAMMA RADIASYON [Gamma radiation] Very short wavelength electromagnetic radiation.
WARRANTY LETTER: It is a document that the enterprises, which are committed by banks, have given their commitments as a guarantee.
GARP [Global Atmospheric Research Program]
GAS TREATMENT: It is the process of purifying the raw natural gas in the reservoir from unwanted substances, condensate, hydrogen sulfide and other liquids.
Gasket ring: sealing ring, sealing ring
Gasket: Gasket
Gasoline: Gasoline
GATE VALVE: (Gate valves); They fulfill their duties by closing and opening the fluid passage between the two sealing rings with a disc (bolt) that slides perpendicular to the transition direction. Gate valves are generally preferred to operate as fully open or fully closed. Thanks to the screw shaft mounted inside the body of Gate Valves, the slide is moved linearly and the opening and closing operation of the valve is performed. Gate Valves cannot be used for throttling and flow adjustment purposes. If used for this purpose, it causes vibration due to the high flow velocity in the open position and permanent deformations as a result of the bolt hitting the body sealing surfaces.
Gate: December, gate
GAYLORD: The name given to very large boxes that can fit into a pallet. (45Óx 33Óx 51Ó) There are varieties according to pallet sizes and customer needs.
GAS FAMILY: It is the classification of gases with the same nozzle diameter so as to give the same thermal load on the burner. This classification is made according to the Wobbe Index and gases are divided into four families. (Ref: Wobbe Index)
GAS FLOW: The gas flow we use can be expressed as: Volume (fi l / min); Standardized or Normalized flow (fi nlpm or slpm); Or Actual Mass flow (gr / min or Kg / hour).
GAS GAP: See… Pore
GAS DEVICE: Devices such as oven, stove, water heater, stove, floor heater, refrigerator, washing machine that transform the energy obtained by burning natural gas into various shapes in various fields that people can benefit from are called gas devices.
GAS DETECTOR: It is a portable device that can detect several different gases and is used to determine whether toxic or ignition hazardous gases are in suspected environments, measure their concentration and take protective measures.
GAS DISINFECTANT [Fumigant] Gasified insecticide. It is generally used in buildings or greenhouses. GCM [General circulation model] General circulation model.
GAS PERMEABILITY: It is the ability of a gas to penetrate a substance. Materials that allow gas to pass are called permeable, while substances that resist or do not allow gas passage are called with gas barrier properties.
GAS DAY: It is the time period that starts at 08:00 on any given day and ends at 08:00 on the next day.
GAS HUB: In its broadest definition, the natural gas 'hub' is the center of the commercial activity carried out by gathering the supply coming from more than one point (supplier) at one point and distributing it to more than one buyer. Hubs, which create a suitable environment for spot market transactions, are the main market unit that allows more buyers to access relatively inexpensive sources of supply, while allowing sellers to reach buyers who offer the instant best price for natural gas.
Gas Injection Well: It is an oil well in which gas is injected in order to increase the pressure or to maintain the current pressure.
Gas Injection: Defines the additional injection of gas into a reservoir to maintain its original pressure maintained by the gas it contains. Natural gas or CO2 is injected into the reservoir from another well. There are two types of gas injection: (1) injection of gases that do not mix with petroleum; these are natural gas, nitrogen, and flue gas. (2) gases mixed directly or under pressure with oil; These are propane, methane enriched with other light hydrocarbons, high pressure methane and high pressure carbon dioxide. Most of the time, water is injected after each gas injection.
Gas Drive: The energy generated by the expansion of the gas trapped in a reservoir enables the crude oil to flow into the well.
GAS COLLECTOR: It is an element made of larger diameter pipes to which gas lines belonging to multiple and separate burners are connected. Collector's volume; the burner capacity and the service regulator before the collector 1.Gas family: 6.6- 8.7 kWh / m³ (Gas) 2.Gas family: 11.4-16.1 kWh / m³ (Natural Gas) 3.Gas family: 21 , 5-25.7 kWh / m³ (LPG) 4. Gas family: 8.7-11.0 kWh / m³ (Biogas) depends on the response time.
GAS COMPRESSOR: It is a system that increases the pressure of the gas by reducing the gas volume and enables the gas to be transferred to another location from the outlet.
GAS CHROMATOGRAPH [GC = Gas chromatograph] Analyzer that can determine the proportions of substances (gases or volatile liquids) in a gas or liquid mixture.
GAS USAGE THRESHOLD: The daily minimum amount of natural gas anticipated to be withdrawn at the main exit point and secondary exit point.
GAS WELL: It is a borehole drilled to bring natural gas to the earth.
GAS METAL ARC WELDING: It is an automatic / semi-automatic method that is welding with the heat of the arc created between the melting type coil (reel) wire electrode and the base metal. Shielding gas is sent to the arc zone during the welding process in order to protect the arc from the effect of air. MIG or MAG name is given according to the type of gas. When gas arc welding is performed with a non-melting electrode, it is called TIG or Plasma. It is widely used for welding steels and non-ferrous metals.
GAS MODULE: It is the ratio that should be the same as the gas in which the device worked before, in order to obtain the correct value of heat input parity and primary air entrainment in converting a device to a different gas with different wobbe number.
Gas Oil: A mid-distillate petroleum product with a boiling range of 350-750 0F, usually containing diesel fuel, kerosene, heating oil and light fuel oil.
GAS LIQUEFIATION: It is the liquefaction of natural gas under pressure, which is cooled down to -162 ° C and provides volumetric reduction by a factor of 600, which is abbreviated as SDG. The obtained SDG can be transported to the desired area by specially designed tanker ships and / or stored in tanks.
GAS LEAKAGE CLASS: It is the nominal distinction made according to the danger limits that leakage in natural gas pipelines and equipment may cause in the environment. (Relevance: First Class Leakage, Second Class Leakage, Third Class Leakage)
GAS COOLER: It is the system that reduces the temperature of the rising natural gas to the desired degree at the compressor outlet.
Gas Cap: It is the free-gas phase above the oil field in a reservoir where gas and oil coexist.
Gas Cap Repulsion: It is the natural energy repulsion caused by the expansion of the gas cap as the product is taken from a reservoir; The gas cap, whose volume increases, presses the oil into the well.
GAS COMPANY: The person, firm, public company or other organization that operates the gas pipeline and its equipment and is responsible for repairing its malfunction.
GAS LIQUIDATION PROCESS: It is the process of purifying natural gas from petroleum substances and other liquid gases before it is sent to the end user.
GAS DELIVERY POINT REGULATOR: These are the regulators installed at the gas delivery point to reduce the pressure in the main distribution line to the required pressure.
GAS DELIVERY POINT: Service Box or Pressure Reducing and Metering Station where gas will be supplied to the customer.
GAS TURBINE: It is a part of the compressor package and it is the equipment that drives the gas compressor. It converts the heat energy released by combustion into mechanical energy.
GAS FUEL: Gaseous fuels that can be distributed through pipelines such as natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, coke gas or refinery gas.
SPECIFIC VOLUME OF GAS FUEL: It is the volume of gas in one kilogram mass.
GAS YEAR: It is the period that starts at 08:00 on January 1 and ends at 08:00 on the next January 1.
Gasification: Obtaining gas fuel from a solid or liquid fuel; For example, Biomass is converted from gas to fuel by a thermochemical conversion.
Kerosene: A refined petroleum distillate intermediate with a volatility between gasoline and gas oil. Distillation range is generally between 150 ° C and 260 ° C; It is used in lighting, heating, as a fuel in some internal-combustion engines and in obtaining aviation fuel.
Gear train: Gear order; several interlocking gears
Gear: Gear
Gear-cutting machine: the gear-cutting machine
NIGHT DUMP DUMP [Midnight dumping] Confidential, illegal trash dump.
DELAY ON OFF TIMER: It is a control device designed to close the circuit at the end of pre-set time intervals and to open it later.
DELAY INTEREST: It is the interest calculated in return for delay due to the failure to accrue the tax on time for replenishment, ex officio or administrative assessments.
TEMPORARY EXPORT: It is the process of sending a product abroad temporarily for processing reasons such as labor and packaging.
TEMPORARY IMPORT REGIME: Turkey used within the customs territory and beyond the usual wear and tear during this operation, the implementation of the provisions allowing the regime is re-exported without suffering any change.
TEMPORARY GUARANTEE LETTER: The Shippers, who will make a capacity reservation request before the Gas Year to sign an STS (Standard Transport Contract) for 1 (one) year, or who will make a reservation request for the idle capacities for the first time in the Gas Year, are obliged to submit a copy to the Transporter with the application. (Electronic Bulletin Board) and the letter of guarantee published on the website of the Carrier.
TEMPORARY TAX: It is the tax paid by income and corporate taxpayers to be deducted from the income and corporate taxes of the current taxation period.
Permeability: Permeability describes the ability of a fluid (liquid or gas) to flow through the rock texture. If the fluid passes easily through a rock layer, the permeability of this layer is high. If the layer does not allow the fluid to pass through and blocks it, it is called "sealed"; these types of layers are defined as "traps". Permeability is given by the following equation according to the Darcy formula.
Permeability: The passage or diffusion of a solid, liquid, gas or vapor through a holding medium that is not physically or chemically affected.
Impermeable Rock: They are rocks whose pore structure does not allow fluids to pass easily.
RIGHT OF PASSAGE: It is the right to use the land belonging to private or legal persons on the route through which gas pipelines pass, for a price or free of charge.
Transition Temperature: The temperature at which the properties of a material change. Depending on the type of material, the transition change may be reversed.
FITTING TYPE PE CONNECTION: It is a form of joining that occurs by inserting a male heating socket into the socket of the plug-in type connection element and a female socket heating element on the pipe end to be joined, heating the PE material until the melting formation, removing the heating elements and immediately pushing the pipe end into the plug-in element. The most important issue in this joining method; The joining is done quickly and only moves in the axial direction during joining. (no insertion by rotating)
Undeveloped Reserves: Undeveloped reserves are reserves that require a significant amount of expenditure for production. It requires drilling new wells or deepening existing wells to reach different reservoirs or similar studies.
Developed Reserves: Developed reserves are reserves that are hoped to be produced from existing wells and facilities; It is divided into two categories as improved production reserves and improved non-production reserves.
Enhanced Production Reserves: These are the reserves that are currently being produced.
Improved Non-Production Reserves: These are the reserves that have either not been produced yet or have been previously produced but are still not used in production.
Development Well: 1. It is a special well drilled between two or more production wells. 2. A well drilled in or near a production pond in order to optimize the oil product. 3. A well drilled to extract hydrocarbons in the reservoir.
GEMS [Global Environmental Monitoring System] Global Environmental Monitoring System.
WIDE MOUTH: Containers with wide end openings or with wide end dimensions according to their capacity.
EXPANSION CONTAINER: In a closed water system, it is a container that meets the expansion that will occur when the system is heated and is separated by a diaphragm in contact with water and contains some air or inert gas.
ACTUAL MAXIMUM OPERATING PRESSURE: It is the maximum operating pressure in the existing gas pipeline during normal annual operation.
REAL TAX LOAD: In terms of person; the impact of tax on personal income and welfare, in terms of economy; It is the contribution of tax increase to national income and social welfare.
Expanded Polymer: An alternative definition used for cellular polymers; The hot polymer melt is mixed with a gas, the gas expands, then the mixture is cooled to trap the gas in the solid polymer as bubbles. The gas is either injected into the hot melt under pressure or provided by chemical decomposition.
Reflux: The part of the distillate that returns to the fractionation column; It allows the desired fractions to be obtained more pure.
RECYCLED PLASTIC: A thermoplastic formed by the processor's own manufacture through processes such as molding, extrusion and then stored for reuse or recycling.
RETURN FEE: It is the price to be collected over the amount of natural gas in the warehouse offered through withdrawal.
BACK PRODUCTION PERIOD: It is the period between November 1 and March 24.
BACK PRODUCTION PREPARATION PERIOD: It is the period between October 17th and October 31st.
Stress Corrosion: It is the state of corrosion in a corrosive environment, even though the stressed areas will not corrode if they are not under stress.
Stress Concentration: At a macromechanical level, the applied stress is concentrated in the notch, cavity, hole, etc. regions.
Stress: It is the internal force that enables a body to resist changes in shape or volume. It is expressed as a force per unit area.
Stress-Stress Curve: When simulated readings made by converting load and deformation into tension and stress are recorded in a coordinate system, a stress-strain diagram is obtained.
Stress Measuring Device: It is a device that measures the stress on a material under load based on the change in electrical strength.
Stress: Elastic deformation caused by tension. In a given direction, per unit length, the change in length is expressed in percent or mm / mm.
GEZEREV [Mobile home] Caravan with water and electricity for living inside.
GF (35): Glass-fiber reinforced (35%)
FOOD ADDITIVES [Food additives] Substances that are especially added to foodstuffs during their preparation or processing in order to provide strength, appeal, consistency or ease of preparation.
GIRDAP [Eddy] Any size eddy motion caused by turbulence in air and water currents.
Swirl diffusion The diffusion of foreign matter in a turbulent flow regime in much larger clouds compared to molecular diffusion.
INPUT [Input] Input refers to any type of gas or liquid waste in an environment, in the context of pollution, that contains pollutants harmful to the environment.
GIT: Gas assisted injection technology (injection molding technology)
HIDDEN YAGIS [Occult precipitation] Moisture condition other than rain, which creates a potential cause of pollution and affects trees and plants.
Gips (Gipsum): It is a widely used sulphate mineral; its composition may vary more or less; CaSO4 2H2O (96-98%), CaSO4 (1.4-2.0%), H2O (20.3-20.5%)
Girder: Beam, buttress, beam, girder
ENTRY POINT: The point where the natural gas enters the Transmission Network from the connected system and is delivered to the Transporter.
GUILLOTINE (KNIFE): Used for dividing paper sheets into small sizes or shaving from the mouths of bound forms; most of today's cutting machines with electronic control systems.
GLOB VALVE (PRESSED VALVE): It is the valve that provides the opening and closing function in pipelines by means of the axial movement (pressing force) of the flap-shaped flap in the form of a circular gas flow. Such valves can be used as regulating valves.
Global Atmosphere Research Program.
GOFRE: It is the process of embossing an image on paper. It is done by applying a certain pressure in machines such as pedal, boiler, tongs (letterpress printing machines).
Goggles: Welder goggles
GOR [Gas / oil ratio] Gas / oil ratio. LAKE [Pond] Natural or artificially made water formation, usually smaller than the lake and larger than the pool.
Migration (Migration): Hydrocarbons (oil and gas) are found in different places, not where organic resources are deposited; that is, they are mobile. This movement of hydrocarbons is called migration; the path they follow is defined as the migration route.
SHADOW: It is the blur on the edges of the radiographic image due to the finite dimensions of the radiation source. (Ref: Radiographic Examination)
SHADING: The formation of a layer behind the images in front of it. It can be mechanical or chemical. The chemical one is called contact yellowing due to yellowing it creates.
SHADED TRAM: A light and scattered shadow that sometimes occurs around the point. It is not a desired situation. It generally occurs in soft trams with less sharpness.
Embedding: It is a metal part that is properly embedded in the plastic material during plastic molding.
EMBEDDED VALVE: It is a valve that is used to direct the gas flow in steel or PE lines and can be controlled from above ground by means of an extension arm located individually - buried under the ground.
IMAGE QUALITY: It is the radiographic image feature that indicates the degree of detail that can be obtained on the film. (Ref: Radiographic Examination)
DISPLAY: It is the image that is usually given on the cathode ray tube (CRT) for the interpretation of ultrasonic information. (Interest: Ultrasonic Inspection)
BODY: The main part of the container, usually the widest part that contains both sides. In bottles, it is the main part of the bottle that is outside the neck.
Pore: Pores are spaces between particles in sedimentary rocks.
PORE: These are the gaps formed in the weld metal during the welding process. This type of welding error is usually caused by the use of damp basic electrodes and working with long arc lengths.
Porosity: It is the state of formation of vacuum, gas, air spaces in a solid substance. It is usually expressed as the ratio of void volume to total volume.
VISUAL INSPECTION: It is one of the non-destructive testing methods. It is the cleaning of any material or weld seam from elements such as slag, oil, paint, dirt and checking only visually. Instruments such as magnifying glasses and microscopes can be used in these checks, if deemed necessary.
Graphite Fiber: It is a fiber produced by oxidation, carbonization and graphitization on a carrier.
Grain size: Grain size
Grain: Grain
Graphite: Graphite; pure and soft carbon
GRAS [Generally recognized as safe] Generally recognized as safe.
Gravimeter: Very weak and incomprehensible changes in the gravitational fields of the earth also provide information about underground structures; These changes are measured by sensitive instruments called gravitemeters.
Gravity Density / Specific: Density is the mass of a unit of material at 23 degrees, specific gravity is the ratio of the volume of material in a certain mass at 23 degrees to the density of water in the same volume at the same temperature. Density = specific gravity x 0.99756, relative used
GRAVITY: The density value of the oil is measured by "gravity".
Gravity: Any substance is pulled towards the center of the earth due to its weight. Although the gravity of the ground surface is almost constant, it increases slightly in areas with high density rocks close to the surface.
Gravity sintering: agglomerated agglomeration
Gray cast iron: Gray cast iron
Grease gun: Grease pump
Grease: Grease
Greenhouse: Greenhouse
Grease: A mixture of a fluid oil (usually petroleum based) and a thickener (usually a soap) dispersed in oil.
GRI AREA [Gery area] Disaster area; average area-to-economic development faster than in some regions and lower in others.
GRAY BALANCE: Neutral gray created by correctly printing Cyan (Blue), Yellow (Yellow) and Magenta (Red) screens.
GRAY COMPONENT CHANGE (GCR): The replacement of gray tones in Cyan, Yellow and magenta with the color of black during color separation.
GRAY SCALE: The gray screen with steps from black to white used for calibration on film and contact cameras.
Grimmer Analysis: It is a standard analysis method that determines the concentration of specific polynuclear aromatic compounds in a sample.
Grinding machine: Grinding machine
Grinding wheel dresser: Grinding wheel trimmer
Grinding wheel: Grinding wheel, grinding stone
Grinding: Grinding
Grindstone: Stone
Grit: Metal shavings, scrap; coarse sand
Group technology: Group technology
GROYN [Groyne] Breakwater built perpendicular to the shore to prevent sand movements, minimize sand loss and protect a particular beach section.
GRP (GLASS REINFORCED PIPE): It is a type of pipe obtained from reinforced glass.
Grub screw: Slot head machine screw, stud screw
GROUP [Cohort] Demographic term used to refer to a group of individuals with a common statistical qualification.
GROUP CASE [Class action] It is also called the Vatandas case. Cases of more than one person suing or being sued as a representative of a group with common interests. It is often used in environmental cases.
GROUP SURVIVAL METHOD [Cohort survival method] A population projection method that examines the aging of population groups divided by age and sex by a future date, taking into account mortality, fertility and migration probabilities.
Guerin process: Gürin method, Forming with rubber
Gum: Oxidized fuel deposits that collect in the fuel system or engine assembly.
Gun drill: Barrel drill
FERTILIZERS [Fertilizers] Substances added to soil to stimulate crop growth. Natural inorganic fertilizers include animal manure, compost and sawdust; Inorganic fertilizers include crushed limestone, limestone, sulfur and rock phosphate. In addition, large quantities of synthetically produced nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and sulfur compounds are used.
Power: The speed of the work done or the energy used. Power units are varied; watts (1 Joule / second), horsepower (33000 foot pounds / minute, or 745.7 watts), etc
DAY (SYSTEM DAY): In short, G is the time period that starts at 08:00 on any given day and ends at 08:00 on the next day.
Solar Energy: The electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun is converted into usable energy forms by thermal means or high temperature collectors (solar panels, boxes or rooms that capture the sun's rays and convert them into heat). Solar energy is concentrated in thermal processes to obtain steam from water, and steam is used to generate electricity. In the photovoltaic process, solar radiation is converted directly into electrical energy. Solar energy is usually captured as heat, so its use for heating purposes is very common.
DAILY DRAW: It is the amount of natural gas drawn by the shipper within one day at an exit point and determined according to NOP.
DAILY STORAGE: It means the gas stored in pipelines or storage tanks for short term or for peak conditions, and it is also used to meet seasonal needs.
DAILY ENTRY: It is the amount of natural gas entered at an entry point by the shipper within a day and determined according to NOP.
DAILY SENDED AVERAGE: It is the division of the total volume of gas delivered over a specified period of time by the total number of days in that period.
DAILY EXCHANGE AMOUNT: It is the daily average amount of gas that must be given within the framework of a signed contract.
DAILY COVER [Daily cover] Soil that needs to be sprinkled in one day to cover the spilled solid waste.
DAILY PEAK: The maximum amount of gas delivered on any day within a period (usually one year) determined by the signed contract.
NOISE POLLUTION [Noise pollution] Undesired sounds that create negative physiological and psychological effects on people. The main sources of noise pollution are the operation of aircraft, road traffic, construction and heavy equipment.
NOISE AND NUMBER INDEX [Noise and number index] Index for the measurement of aircraft noise disturbance, developed based on a study conducted in the UK Heathrow airport area.
ROUTE: Before the pipeline construction process; It is the determination of the country, city, region, district, street or street where the line will pass. Care should be taken that the route passes through the most economical and safest line. After the route is determined in the urban distribution networks and before the channel is opened, trial (inspection) pits should be opened at certain distances along the road in order to determine the status of the infrastructure when necessary.
GW [Gross weight] Gross weight.
H
Volume Factor: The ratio of the volume of plastic material to the volume of the finished part.
Volume Ratio: It is the ratio of the volume of the component to the volume of the entire mixture.
Volumetric resistance: It is the difference in potential energy applied depending on the material volume.
Hacksaw blade: Hand saw blade
Hacksaw machine: Arm saw machine
Light Fractions: It is the low molecular weight and low boiling point fraction that emerges from the tops of a fraction column during oil refining.
HALIÇ [Estuary] A wide mouth affected by the tide.
RAW NATURAL GAS: Within its structure; It is natural gas with various impurities and undesirable substances such as water, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide gas and helium. The gas must be free of all these impurities before it is sent to the user.
RAW PETROL: They are hydrocarbons that can be extracted from the ground in liquid form.
RAW STRUCTURE: Used in blow molding process. Heat softened polymer (such as PET) with neck threads, shaped like a thick test tube. The tube was then heated and inflated while it was inside the Blow mold to create the desired bottle or jar shape.
Raw material (Feedstok): Material that is stocked to be fed (charge) to a process unit.
Raw material: Refers to the main materials that form the basis of composite products such as gelcoat, resin and fiber.
Hammer: Hammer
Crude Oil Equivalent: It is the definition of gas volumes as oil equivalent; It is a calculation based on the heat content or calorific value of the fuel.
Crude Oil Fragrance: It contains 5-30% volatile matter.
Crude Oil, Bitter (Sour): Crude oil with more than ~ 1% free sulfur or sulfur compounds.
Crude Oil Heavy: It is a high specific gravity, low API gravity crude oil containing large amounts of heavy hydrocarbons.
Crude Oil, Aromatic: It is crude oil containing high aromatic hydrocarbons.
Crude Oil, Light Paraffinic: It is crude oil containing relatively low amount of wax.
Crude Oil Light: Crude oil with API gravity> 33; It is fluid at room temperature.
Crude Oil, Mixed: It is crude oil whose properties are between paraffinic and naphthenic crude oils.
Crude Oil, Partially Processed: A residual product that remains after most of the volatile components of crude oil have been removed.
Crude Oil, Naphthenic and Asphalt: It is a crude oil containing high amount of asphalt and trace amount of wax in its residue.
Crude Oil, Medium: It is crude oil whose density is between light and heavy crude oil.
Crude Oil, Paraffinic: It is crude oil containing high amount of wax and low amount of asphalt in its residue.
Crude Oil, Synthetic: It is a mixture of hydrocarbons similar to crude oil obtained by processing bitumen obtained from sand.
Crude Oil, Sweet (Sweet): Sulfur-free or very little sulfur crude oil.
Crude Oil: Unrefined oil or petroleum and a mixture of naturally occurring hydrocarbons; It usually contains small amounts of sulfur, nitrogen and oxygenated derivatives of hydrocarbons and trace amounts of metals.
DOUGH PAPER: Paper that is not covered with clay. It is used in the production of photocopy paper, notebooks, notepads etc. It is mostly named with the 1st pulp in printing.
Hand milling machine: Hand milling machine
Hardenability: Hardenability
Hardness: Hardness
Activator: It refers to the material that reacts with the catalyst and initiates the polymerization reaction and accelerates the hardening after it is added to the catalyst.
MOVING SOURCE [Mobile source] Air pollution in motion such as cars, motorcycles, planes, ships.
Moving Bed: The hydrocarbon mixture encounters the catalyst in the form of beds descending from top to bottom.
Map overlay rechnique Method of synthesis of spatial data used in land use planning, including determination of factors such as potential earthquake hazard and soil permeability.
BLEND: The combination of the jerseys in order. The arrangement of the jerseys side by side or within each other in order to be made into a pre-binding book unit. In some cases, it may be necessary to make a layer blend. Horizontal and tower type threshing machines were produced for layer blending.
Blending (Blending, Blending): Blending; It is the process of mixing two or more petroleum products with different characteristics and obtaining a new product with the desired characteristics.
BLENDING UNIT: It is the device in which the heated gas is mixed proportionally with the cold gas when necessary in order to adjust the temperature value of the heated gas before the pressure reduction process in the pressure reduction and metering stations.
Nondestructive Inspection (NDI): It is a procedure or process for determining the properties or quality of the material by ultrasonic or radiographic inspection without changing the properties and structure of a material.
Nondestructive Testing (NDT): It is synonymous with NDI.
Morbidity rate The rate of occurrence of a certain disease per 1,000 or 100,000 people in a certain period, in terms of a certain population in a certain area.
DISEASE-MAKING [Pathogen] Any disease-causing effect substance; often this term is limited to describing a living organism that causes illness.
Sizing: It is the inputs that contain gelatin, oil, wax, starch and other components applied to the fiber or yarn to control the qualities of the fiber, to help the production and processing processes, to protect the surface during the shaping of the product.
LINE SIGN: These are signboards in the form of plates or posts placed on the line route in order to determine the places where natural gas pipelines pass. (Attention: Reopening)
LINE VALVE: These are steel valves that are placed on pipelines at certain intervals, used to control the flow of gas and oil, and can be controlled remotely and over, especially positioned in risky areas such as streams and river crossings.
FAULT POSITION SCALE: A specially marked scale that can attach to the transverse wave probe, which allows direct reading of the location of the discontinuity in the inspected material in relation to the location of the error echo on the cathode screen. (Interest: Ultrasonic Inspection)
ERROR DETECTION SENSITIVITY: It is the special sensitivity adjustment level of the ultrasonic flaw detector in order to detect the presence of errors in an application. (Interest: Ultrasonic Inspection)
ERROR: Any defect detected in the pipe and its equipment that is out of the tolerances specified in the standards, therefore requiring rejection.
Air Outlet Hole / Air Nozzle: It is the small hole or path placed on the mold that allows the gases formed in the mold to exit. It must be able to be closed after the air outlet.
Air Bubble Amount: It is the ratio of the voids formed as a result of air bubbles remaining in the composite body to the entire volume of the composite. It is less than 1%, especially in hardened composites.
Air Bubble: These are the air gaps that are trapped between the reinforcement layers or in the joining areas during GRP molding.
AIR QUALITY STANDARDS [Air quality standards] Air pollutant concentrations in an area that should not be suspended over a period of time.
AIR QUALITY REGULATION [Regulation including air quality standards and other measures.
MONITORING THE AIR QUALITY [Air quality act. ] Continuous sampling and analysis from the air source.
Air Channel: A small hole or thin channel inserted into the mold that allows gas or air to exit as long as the molding material enters.
AIR POLLUTION [Air pollution] The presence of pollutants such as dust, gas, fog, odor, smoke or steam in the atmosphere in the amount, density and time that will harm human, plant and animal life or material objects, or prevent them from being comfortably injured by life, material objects.
AIR POLLUTION INSPECTION [Air pollution control] Determination and application of clean air criteria and standards.
AIR POLLUTION EVENT [Air pollution epidose] An acute air pollution event that lasts for days, which is called the Air Pollution Epidemic.
Air pollution filter A device that filters particles up to a certain size at the chimney or ventilation outlets.
Resistance to Weather Conditions: It is used to mean the resistance of plastics to weather conditions in the outdoor environment or the change in the material due to weather conditions.
AIR BELL [Airshed] Atmospheric belt (region) of a particular area
NITROGEN COMPONENTS IN AIR AND WATER [Nitrogen compounds in air and water] These significantly affect the quality of air and water and constitute the main causes of pollution.
VENTILATION [Aeration] supplying air to the water to create cool conditions, especially as part of the wastewater treatment process.
VENTILATION TANK [Aeration tank] Tank from which aeration is performed.
VENTILATION VALVE: It is the instrument that keeps the volume in the crude oil tank under a certain pressure and allows the gas to go out in the tank when this pressure value is exceeded.
Air Drilling: Drills where compressed air is used instead of drilling fluid (mud) to remove the parts or materials removed during drilling; The penetration rate is higher than in drilling mud, but the water in the underground formation and the gas pressure in the borehole cannot be controlled.
Air-ground interface The nerve in which the lower layers of the atmosphere are in a reaction relationship with the ground.
Airborne residuals Smoke and dust in the air.
Air buoyancy: It is applied for the separation of oils in waste water. The waste water is air-saturated by pressing 3-5 atmospheres of air; While fine air bubbles come out of the water-air mixture falling to normal pressure in the flotation unit, it also carries oil droplets and suspended solids attached to them. These substances on the surface are collected and removed with a colander.
Livestock exclusion zone The zone where large and small bass livestock is prohibited.
Hopper roller: Ink jet roller
CHAMBER WATER: It is the water used in printing to transfer the ink to the printing material in a balanced way.
HC (HYDRAULICALLY COUPLED) PUMP: It is the pump that can adjust the speed that pushes the liquid forward with the mechanical power it receives from the motor.
HDPE High density polyethylene (HDPE)
HDPE: High density polyethylene (HDPE)
HDT: It is used to determine the thermal properties of plastic materials. The amount of stretch of the material is determined under certain test conditions and under a certain load.
HEADER: It is a connection element that can make more than one connection point on the pipeline.
Headstock: Headstock in lathe, lathe chuck, lathe torch, drive gear
Heat treatment: Heat treatment
HEKSAKLORBENZEN [Heptachlor] An insecticide from the chlorinated hydrocarbon group.
Helical gear: Helical gear
Helical spring: Coil spring
Helical Winding: The winding head moves back and forth as the mold rotates. Glass fiber bands, unlike circular winding, are placed side by side and create a pitch appearance. Apart from cylindrical windings, winding angles can be different.
Helix angle: Helix angle
EATING EVERY NUTRITION [Omnivore] Organism that provides energy by consuming both plants and animals.
Herringbone gear: Sergeant gear
NON-ACCOUNTABLE GAS: Natural gas that is lost from any part of the Transmission Network or cannot be accounted for in any other way due to tolerance limits of measurement equipment.
ACCOUNT PLAN: It is the list that includes the systematic classification of all accounts of a business.
Calculated Carbon Aromaticity Index: (Calculated Carbon Aromaticity Index, CCAI). It is a value calculated from the viscosity and density of a fuel and gives an idea about the ignition quality of the fuel; Vk = kinematic viscosity (mm² / s), T 0C, D = density, kg / m³ at 15 0C
HETEROTROF [Heterotroph] Organisms or animals that provide energy from the chemical decomposition of complex organic substances.
HGV [Heavy goods vehicle] Heavy goods transport.
Hydrographic Survey Research conducted to obtain data on the physical properties of a water formation for use in marine, engineering projects or other purposes.
HYDROGEN SULFIDE [Hydrogen sulfide] Colorless and extremely toxic gas with the odor of rotten eggs, which is formed by the separation of organic material under anaorebic conditions. Hydrogen sulfide also occurs in oil refineries, sulfur treatment plants, some metallurgical processes, and various chemical industries using sulfur-containing compounds.
HYDROCARBONS [Hydrocarbons] Organic compounds consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen, usually found in fossil fuels and products consisting of the partial combustion of these substances, for example in the exhaust gases of oil-fired vehicles.
HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE [Hydraulogic cycle] The continuous transformation of water between the earth and the atmosphere.
HYDROLOGICAL ANALYSIS [Hydraulogic study] Quantitative and quantitative assessment of the water presence of an area, soil conservation, flood control, design of dams and water reservoirs, and systematic assessment of different aspects of water in a geographical area in order to determine the possible activities of a reconstruction study.
HIDROSFER [Hydrospher] The part of the earth consisting of water, such as oceans, lakes and rivers.
HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE): It is a solid, hard and strong naturally milky white resin. HDPE has a good resistance to cracking, impact and melting. HDPE is easy to color.
HIPS: High impact polystyrene
SPEED BOOSTER (KASIS) [Steeping policeman = speed bump] Artificial change in road surface that forces traffic to slow down.
Accelerator: It is a material that, when mixed with a catalyst or a resin, will accelerate the chemical reaction between the catalyst and the resin. It is also defined as the promoter.
Promoter: These additives react with the catalyst to accelerate the polymerization reaction. Promoters accelerate curing from the moment they are added to the catalyst.
Accelerated Test: It is the development and application of testing methods to obtain an equivalent result in a short time for the destructive effects that a product may encounter throughout its service life.
SERVICE AREA [Catchment area] The geographical area where a certain program, activity, and the majority of the users of the service are located.
Hybrid: It is a type of reinforcement material containing two or more components, produced for use in composites. It is a combination of different fiber types such as "carbon and glass" or "carbon and aramid".
HYDRANT: It is the connection made to the main fire supply line in order to get water from the main fire supply line to the hose and other fire protection devices.
Hydrodenitrogenation: It is the process of removing nitrogenous compounds found in waxed distillates; It is a very critical step in the hydrocatalytic route in the production of base oils.
Hydrodesulfurization: It is a catalytic hydrotreating process whose main purpose is to remove sulfur from petroleum fractions in a hydrogen environment.
Hydrodynamic Trap: Traps formed by hydrodynamic interception of the migrating oil. When the water flowing in a reservoir encounters hydrocarbons rising upwards, if the water force is greater than the force that causes the hydrocarbon to float, the upward movement of the oil stops and oil accumulates here.
Hydrodynamic Lubrication: It is fluid film-filled lubrication. The two surfaces moving on each other are separated from each other by a continuous lubricant film layer. In this regime, the lubricating film is in full contact with each surface and moves in the same direction and speed with the movement of the surfaces. The viscosity and supply pressure of the lubricant, and the rotational speed and weight of the material are factors affecting hydrodynamic lubrication. The increase in speed or viscosity causes the thickness of the oil film to increase, and the increase of the load causes the thinning of the oil film.
Hydrophilic (Hydroscopic): It is a term related to water or water-loving, meaning water soluble. Some polar compounds show both hydrophilic (water soluble) and hydrophobic (oil soluble) properties.
Hydrofining: It is a fixed bed catalytic process used in hydrogenation and removal of sulfur compounds in various streams ranging from gases to waxes. It is generally applied in the desulphurization of middle distillates in refineries.
Hydrofinishing: It is a catalytic treating process in hydrogen environment to improve the properties of low and medium-viscosity index naphthenic oils. The process is also applied to paraffin waxes and microcrystalline waxes to remove unwanted compounds. Hydrogen is spent in the process and used instead of acid treating.
Hydrophobic: It is a definition the opposite of hydrophilic; Indicates the affinity or solubility of hydrocarbon groups or non-polar groups.
Hydrophone: It is an acoustic sensor (sensor) used to collect reflected waves during seismic exploration in the sea.
Hydroforming: It is the catalytic reforming process that enables the conversion of naphtha into high-octane BTX aromatics at elevated temperatures and medium pressures in a hydrogen environment; At the end of the process, hydrogen is obtained. Hydroforming describes the total effect of many simultaneous reactions (cracking, polymerization, dehydrogenation and isomerization).
Hydropower: Energy obtained from water flowing from rivers, streams and waterfalls. Hydropower systems convert the potential energy of flowing water into electrical energy. The water stream is also used mechanically to rotate some machines.
HYDROGENATION, Separating coal into thermally reactive parts. In the last trials, 40 gr hexane, 18 gr ethane, 45 gr residue in the presence of tetralin and tin chloride type catalysts under 400 atmospheric pressure at 325½C temperature on 100 gr coal containing 86.5% carbon; In the hydrogenation of the residue, 14 g of hexane, 5.5 g of ether, 11 g of benzene and 18 g of residue were obtained. Hydrogenation is an alternative to oil
Hydrogenation / Dehydrogenation: Hydrogenation is the process of adding hydrogen to a chemical compound; The reaction is usually carried out at high temperatures and pressures in the presence of a catalyst. Dehydrogenation is a process that is the opposite of hydrogenation; Hydrogen separates from an organic molecule.
Hydrogenation: It is the chemical addition reaction of hydrogen to a substance in the presence of a catalyst.
HYDROCARBON DEW POINT: It is the dew point in the component values of natural gas. It can also be called humidity.
Hydrocarbon, Aliphatic: Hydrocarbons characterized by open chain structures; such as ethane, butane, butene, acetylene, etc.
Hydrocarbon, Alicyclic: Cyclic (cyclic) hydrocarbons; There are only carbon atoms in the rings.
Hydrocarbon, Aromatic: They are compounds that contain at least one benzene ring in their molecule; their specific gravity is generally high and their solvent properties are good. Typical aromatic compounds include benzene, toluene, xylenes.
Hydrocarbon, Unsaturated: Hydrocarbons containing one or more double bonds or triple bonds between carbon atoms; their general formula depends on the type and number of double bonds in the molecule.
Hydrocarbon, Saturated: Hydrocarbons with carbon atoms linked to each other by single bonds and other bonds saturated with hydrogen atoms; their general formula is CnH2n + 2.
HYDROCARBON: It is an organic compound containing only Hydrogen and Carbon elements. Hydrocarbons; They can be found in solid, liquid or gaseous form.
Hydrocarbon: They are organic molecules made up of carbon and hydrogen in particular; Compounds derived from natural gas, petroleum and coal are often called hydrocarbons.
Hydrocracking: It is decomposition reactions in hydrogen and catalyzed environment; such as heteroatom removal, hydrogenation of aromatics, hydrogenationization, alkane hydrocracking and hydroisomerization. Heteroatom removal:
Hydraulic Fluid: It is the fluid (or fluid) used as a power transmission medium in a hydraulic system. The most commonly used fluids are petroleum oillers, synthetic oils, oil-water emulsions and water-glycol mixtures.
Hydraulic Force: It is the force generated by pressure applied to water or other hydraulic fluids.
Hydraulic Oil: It is a specially prepared oil used as a power transmission medium in hydraulically operating equipment; It is a mixture of base oil and additives.
HYDRAULIC PUMP: Electric pumps used to create the required pressure in hydraulic systems.
Hydraulic Press: It is a type of press in which the pressure required for the molding process is provided by using a fluid.
HYDRAULIC SIMULATION / PRO - GRAM: Indicates the study and program tool for determining investments by using All Pipeline Segments in order to ensure supply-demand balance.
Hydraulics: It refers to the technology related to the transmission, control and use of power through pressurized fluids.
Hydrolysis: It is the degradation (degradation) of synthetic and natural esters in an aqueous environment; corrosive weak acids are formed in the reaction.
Hydrometer: Acid meter.
HYDROMETER: An instrument that measures the density of a liquid. It consists of a glass sphere with a tube weighted on one side and scaled on the other.
Hydrometer: It is a popular tool to measure the density or specific gravity of a liquid.
Hydropyrolysis: Cracking process performed under pressure in the presence of hydrogen; The difference from the hydrocracking process is the absence of a catalyst, higher operating temperatures and shorter processing time.
Hydroscopic: Hydrophilic
Hydrostatic Pressure: The pressure exerted by a fluid at standstill; It increases linearly with the density and height of the fluid.
HYDROSTATIC TEST: Completed; It is the experience of the line with water and / or liquid at a pressure above the maximum operating pressure (specified in the stipulation) in order to control the sealing and strength of natural gas pipelines, connection lines and similar lines. .
Hydrostatic Lubrication: Fluid film Lubrication
Hydrotreating (Hydrodesulfurization, Hydrophiling): Conversion processes in which hydrogenation reactions occur; Hetero-atoms (S, N, O) are removed, some double bonds and aromatic rings are hydrogenated to reduce acidic compounds in the end products, and the odor, color, stability, corrosion properties are improved. Mixed metal sulfur catalysts are used in the processes (CoS and MoS over Al2O3, or with NiS and WS2). Some hydrotreating reactions are given below.
High speed steel: Air steel, high speed steel
High-energy-rate forming: High-energy forming
SERVICE RECEIVER: It is the legal person holding an Import License and / or Wholesale License that has signed a service agreement with the Storage Company for the storage service.
SERVICE CURRENT COST: It is the price that the carrier will pay in accordance with the article 3.4.
HKB (Pre-Molding Compound): It refers to the common acronym for SMC, BMC and similar pre-molded compositions.
Hobbing: Hobbing
Hold-down force: Pressure plate load
Homogeneity: It is a term that defines that a material has the same composition all over the product.
Homopolymer: Plastics produced from a single type of monomer.
Homopolymer: It is a polymer obtained by polymerization of a single type of monomer; repeat unit is one type.
Honing: Honing, fine grinding, polishing, sharpening
Hoper: It is a container in which materials (such as solid powder or pellet polymers, powdered clay or cement) are collected to be sent for further processing or packaging, which can also be in the form of a large funnel or cone.
Horizontal Drilling: See. Drilling, Horizontal
Horn press: Spur press
Hose: Hose
Hot spinning: Hot spinning
HOT TAP: In order to take branch lines from pipelines containing gas, valves, vent punching apparatus, etc. It is the process of welding a "T" elbow shaped apparatus to the main pipe with a special welding procedure and then puncturing the pipe with a drilling apparatus.
Hot working: Hot working (shaping)
HOV: (Hydrolic Oil Valve) It is the abbreviation of valves working with hydraulic systems.
HTV: Solid silicone
Hub: Hub (hub of pulley, gear, etc.)
Hubbing: Pressing with a stamp
Hydraulic press: Hydraulic press
Hydraulic shaper: Hydraulic shaper
Hydroform process: Hydroform method
Hydrostatic extrusion: Hydrostatic extrusion
Hypoid gear: Hypoid gear
I / I / J
I-beam: I profile iron, I-beam
INNER WATER [Inland waterd] All water sources on earth except seas and oceans.
IÇSELLESMIS WASTE [Internalized waste] Waste that is recycled and used in the same facility.
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE [ICE = Internal combustion engine] A device in which fuel is confined to a certain area and is burned to obtain mechanical energy.
Idler gear: Idler gear
IIR Isobutene-isoprene rubber
SECONDARY AIR POLLUTANTS [Secondary air pollutants] Air pollutants formed as a result of the reaction of the primary air pollutants released into the atmosphere and the chemical substances found naturally in the atmosphere. See. Primary Air Pollutants.
Secondary treatment Treatment of industrial or domestic wastewater after sedimentation by biochemical processes such as activated sludge or digestion.
ADDITIONAL (PRECAUTIONS, EQUIPMENT) [Add-on (measures, equipment)] Additional measures or equipment used to control and contain pollution.
ADDITIONAL WATER [Make-up water] Water provided to eliminate the loss in the system caused by leakage, evaporation, emptying, burst.
ADVANCED TREATMENT All of the physico-chemical processes used to improve the quality of wastewater after biological treatment.
IMPROVED LAND [Improved land] Land made more useful by providing water, creating a sewage system, roads and other basic equipment.
IMD: In-Mold-Decoration
IMHOF TNKI [Imhoff tank] Two-stage masonry water treatment tank, in which both sedimentation and anaerobic sludge mixing process takes place, which is used in small treatment plants as it is compact and does not require mechanical equipment.
IML: In-mold labeling (injection molding technology)
Impact extrusion: Impact Extrusion
Impact: Impact, impact, shock
Impression-die forging: (Closed die) Precision forging
Impurity: Dirt, dirt, foreign matter
Inclined press: Inclined press
Indentation: We pit
Independent chuck: jaws tightened separately chuck, vise chuck
Independent variable: Independent variable
Index head: Section header
Indicator: Indicator, counter
Indirect extrusion: Indirect extrusion
Induction hardening: Induction hardening
Ingot: Ingot, ingot
Injection molding: Injection molding, injection molding,
InkBOT: Inline digital printing process
BUILDING ELVERISLI AREA [Buildable area] Soil suitable for potential constructions.
HUMAN ECOLOGY Human ecology is the branch of ecology that studies the relationship of individuals and human communities with their environment.
HUMAN FERTILIZER [Night soil] The human disc.
THE HUMAN AND Biosphere Program [MAB = Man and the Biosphere Program] is a study conducted by the United Nations Environment Program.
HUMAN SETTLEMENT The place where a community of people is dwelling. Temporary places, such as camping sites, are excluded from this definition.
HUMAN-ORIENTED [Anthropogenically-emitted]
Inserted tooth cutter: Replaceable tooth cutter, bowl milling cutter
Inspection: Control, inspection
Instability: Imbalance
Installation: Refitting, setting up, assembling, facility
Instrument: Instrument, instrument, measuring instrument
Insulation: Isolate, insulate, isolate
Interference fit: Tight fit, contact exercise
Intermediate anneal: Intermediate annealing
Internal grinding: Internal cylindrical grinding
Investment casting: Investment casting
IOM [Inert organic matter] Fixed organic matter.
IP: Institute of Petroleum.
IR Isoprene rubber (synthetic)
IRMAK BASIN [River basin] drainage basin of the mill separated from the drainage basins by a dagotome dam.
Ironing: Ironing, shrinking
IS [Smut] A small piece of soot that came out of the chimney and fell into the surrounding area; Soot containing sulfuric acid is also called acidic soot.
ISCO: Refers to the International Standard Occupational Classification.
ISI ISI [Heat island] The unfavorable situation that causes the heat of many heat sources close to each other to increase in urban areas, creating a difference between these areas and their surroundings in terms of night light and therefore the formation of a fog dome that keeps hot air and pollutants.
Heat Resistance: It is the ability or property of plastics or elastomers to withstand the adverse effects of increased heat.
Heat Exchanger: It is an equipment in which energy is transferred from one fluid to another fluid through a solid surface; For example, preheaters, steam boilers and condensers.
Heat conduction (Heat transfer): It is a concept related to the movement speed of thermal energy (heat). There are three types of heat conduction; Conduction, convection and radiation conduction. Conduction is the transfer of heat through solid objects; It is a diffusion process that occurs at microscopic levels. In convection conduction, heat is transported by a moving fluid (liquid or gas); here two physical events are factors, diffusion and fluid motion. The transfer of thermal energy by radiation is carried out by electromagnetic waves (or photons).
Thermal Conductivity: The ability of a material to transmit heat. When the temperature difference of the two walls is 1 degree, it is the physical constant for the amount of heat that passes from a unit cubic volume of a substance per unit time.
Thermal conductivity: It is the measurement of the heat transmitted by the material at a certain thickness or distance. The higher it means, the higher the thermal conductivity.
HEAT TRANSFER: The process of thermal energy flowing from a high energy body to a low energy object. Transmission paths: Transmission - two corpse themes; Convection - a mode of transmission of two bodies in contact in different phases, namely solid and gas; And Radiation - all bodies emit infrared radiation.
LIGHT FIELD WATER LAYER [Euphotic zone] An offshore zone that receives enough light to allow photosynthesis in the ocean and the habitat of vegetative plankton.
Thermal Expansion Coefficient (CTE): It is the mathematical expression of the change in unit length or volume with a temperature increase of 1 degree.
HEAT TREATMENT, The process of sudden cooling (quenching) of steel in various environments by heating it up to high temperatures in order to improve the structural property that affects the strength and durability of the steel. The process of removing the stress arising from this sudden cooling by subjecting the steel to normalized annealing (annealing) by heating the steel up to 700½C again. The process of heating the crystal structure of the metal at a temperature close to the point of change but at a lower temperature for a suitable time and cooling it suddenly to obtain the desired consistency (internal structure) (tempering).
Thermal expansion: Change in size or volume with temperature change.
Thermal stability: It is the resistance of the material against degradation in interaction with heat.
SHREDDING BY HEATING (CRUSHING). With this method; It is possible to separate the mineral and gangue material in the ore, that is, to enrich the ore, by splitting and releasing the mineral and gangue material in the ore due to their different expansion properties and then classifying them according to their screening or grain size. The main minerals showing these properties are borax, colemanite, spodumen and fluorite. This process is also called decrepitation.
ISKARTA [Spoil] Residual material resulting from mining activities; It is used in materials that have been combed out in water formations.
Wet Laying: It is the production method in which a reinforced product is obtained by applying the resin system in liquid form after the reinforcement material is placed on the mold.
Wetness Resistance: The strength of the organic matrix when the matrix resin becomes saturated with the moisture it absorbs or the percentage of moisture absorbed is less than the saturation level.
WETTABLE SULFUR, By adding various chemical substances in powder sulfur; A type of agricultural sulfur given the properties of wetting and suspending in liquid. -> Spraying-. Micronized sulfur.
Wetting: It is the wetting of roving and yarns in which the spaces between the bundle and glass fibers are filled with resin.
Wetting: In reinforced plastics, the reinforcement material is saturated with resin.
OPERATING LOSSES [Operational Loses] Water losses due to evaporation and leaks.
ISO 9000: It is an international quality system standard.
ISO and ASTM: Performing ISO tests provides convenience in obtaining reproducible results and sample preparation. Repeatability in tests is more helpful in making comparisons between polymeric materials.
ISO Viscosity Classification: It is an international system accepted by ISO in which industrial oils are classified according to their viscosity; Each ISO viscosity grade number defines the viscosity of the product in centistokes (cSt) of the value in the middle of the viscosity range at 40 ° C. For example, an ISO 32 oil has a viscosity range of 28.8 - 35.2 cSt, with a median of 32.
ISO: International Standards Organization
Isothermal forming: Isothermal forming
Occupational air. Air in factories or indoors in other workplaces.
Light fastness: It is the color resistance of the material against light without direct exposure to atmospheric conditions. With this property, light fastness is not the same as atmospheric resistance.
IX RESIN [IX resin] Ion-exchanging resin.
ION EXCHANGE [Ion exchange] The softening process used in liquid waste treatment to reuse hard water. In this process, unwanted ions in the liquid replace harmless ions in the resin through which the liquid is passed.
IONIZATION [Ionization] The process by which a neutral atom or group of atoms becomes electrically charged by gaining or loss of electrons.
IONOSPHERE [Ionosphere] The layers of the atmosphere 80 kilometers and above from the earth's surface.
IYOT 131 [Iodine 131] A gamma-soot emitter and a source of pollution that can often be passed on to humans through cow's milk.
TRACE ZONE [Footprint] Area acoustically affected by aircraft noise.
GRID MODEL [Gridiron pattern] Street plan where the streets intersect at right angles to each other.
MAXIMUM PERMITABLE DENSITY [Maximum permissible concentration] When inhaled or consumed normally, it can be used in air, water, milk, etc., not exceeding the maximum reasonable dose for a critical organ. the radioisotope density found.
MONITORING PROGRAM [Monitoring program] The use of measurement equipment with a complex system in order to determine or measure the presence, effect or level of any pollutant in terms of quantity or quality.
ISOTOPES [Isotopes] Atoms of the same element with different atomic weight.
Internal Energy: It can be defined as latent heat. It is the heat gained by the physical change of a substance; heat is released when the physical change is reversed. The internal heat of the steam is the temperature required to convert water at 100 0C into steam at 100 0C and 760 mm Hg pressure.
INNER LABEL BOARD: When the diameter of the labeling board of a bottle is smaller than the diameter of the bottle, just below or above the label board area.
Internal stress: Tensile forces in the internal structure caused by design or process characteristics.
Ideal Gas: Gases defined by the equation pV = nRT; p = pressure, V = volume, n = mol, T = temperature, R = universal gas constant = 0.08206 L-atm / mol-K
Needle flame: It is a test method that simulates the effect of a small flame source in electrical devices.
Pinhole: These are small gaps seen on the hardened part surface. It is formed as a result of dust accumulation on the mold surface before molding.
Needled Felt: Short cut bundles are spread over a plane and then turned into a felt by needling process. This type of reinforcement material is called needled felt.
Two Angle Wrapping: It is a type of wrapping in the fiber wrapping process.
TWO WAY HYDRAULIC VALVE: These are hydraulic equipment that enable the loading arm manifolds to turn right and left.
Two-Way Laminate: It is the position of a reinforced plastic laminate in its own plane, where the reinforcement fibers are placed in two different directions.
SECOND GAS FAMILY: Gases with wobbe numbers between 11,46-16,1 kWh / m altında under standard conditions, and natural gas belongs to this gas family.
SECOND CLASS AREA (B): It refers to the sparse settlements with more than 6 and less than 28 buildings in the area of 1 km long along the pipeline route and 200 meters wide from the axis of the pipeline on the right and left. Site Class)
SECOND CLASS LEAK: These are leaks that do not cause any harm to the person or the environment at the time of detection, but that may cause possible damage in the future. These leaks must be included in the repair program and must be corrected within one year. (Interest: Gas Leakage Class)
Secondary Recovery: It is the production made by flooding the well or by applying gas injection in order to maintain the original pressure of the well during the first production.
DRUG MASTER FILE: (DMF) It is a file that contains detailed and reliable information about the production processes, stages and operations of packages that can accept human drugs as ingredients submitted to the Food and Drug Administration.
TRANSMISSION LINE: These are steel lines that take natural gas from its source and carry it to the entrance of A-type station or Pressure Reduction and Measurement (BDI) station located at the entrance of cities, cycle plants, industrial zones or industrial facilities and with an operating pressure of 75 bar maximum.
TRANSMISSION NETWORK MINIMUM STOCK: It is the minimum amount of natural gas that must be kept in the pipelines in order to ensure the physical balance and safe operation of the Transmission Network.
PRINCIPLES REGARDING TRANSMISSION NETWORK OPERATION REGULATIONS (ŞİD): These are the principles of practice prepared by BOTAŞ in accordance with the "Natural Gas Market Transmission Network Operation Regulation" and regulating the relations between BOTAŞ and the Shippers regarding the transmission service (including possible changes and additions).
TRANSMISSION NETWORK STOCK: The amount of natural gas in the Transmission Network at the beginning of each day.
TRANSMISSION NETWORK: These are the natural gas pipeline network owned and operated by BOTAŞ and related facilities used for the transportation of natural gas.
TRANSMISSION COMPANY: It is the legal person that carries out the transmission activities.
Conductivity: It is the electrical and thermal conductivity of any material per unit volume.
Conductivity: It is the ability to carry or pass heat or electricity.
RELATED LEGISLATION: Laws, regulations, communiqués, circulars, board decisions and the license or licenses owned by the relevant legal entity regarding the natural gas market.
Induction: Refers to devices that are powered by current obtained by using a magnet or magnetic field without the use of a generator.
Inert Gas: Gas resistant to chemical reactions; such as N2.
Inert: Non-reactive; For example, if a substance is resistant to chemical reaction with other compounds.
BRITISH HEAT UNIT (BTU): Abbreviated form of (British Thermal Unit) expression. It defines the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 lb water at 39.1 ° F by 1 ° F. (1 lb = 0.4546 kg, 1 btu = 1055 J, 1 btu = 0: 252 kcal)
Inhibitor: It is a substance that delays the chemical reaction. It is also used to extend the shelf life of resins and monomers.
Inhibitor: It is an additive used to prevent unwanted changes in the quality of the product or the conditions of the equipment where the product is located.
Injection Gas: It is a high-pressure gas injected into a formation to maintain the continuity of the reservoir pressure.
Water for Injection: It is the water that is pumped into the reservoir to help hydrocarbons flow into the production well.
INCLINATION, 1) The slope of the magnetic field of the supply with respect to the horizontal plane. 2) The angle of a freely suspended magnet needle with the horizontal plane in the magnetic field of the supply. 3) The angle of inclination of a planetary orbital plane with the orbital plane of the supply. 4) The general slope of a smooth mineral deposit.
INNOVATİON CENTER, -> Technopark.
Inorganic Pigments: These are natural or synthetic metallic oxides, sulfides and other salts that give heat and light stability, weather resistance and color to plastics.
Incineration: It is generally the incineration of waste streams under conditions that do not cause any harmful effects; At 1300 0C and 2 retention seconds according to European standards.
INTERPOLATION: It is the method of finding the third unknown value between at least two known values by arithmetic operation.
RIGHT TO INTERFERENCE: It is the right to benefit from someone else's property, to use someone else's property.
YARN STITCHING: Knotted - Hopping - It is the process of fastening the forms, which are normally varieties and blended, to each other with yarn from the back parts. With this method, after the uniforms are pierced from their backs; They are sewn with threads made of silk, cotton or nylon. The method of sewing with threads has now been mechanized. These machines sew all printed jerseys in tandem and connected to each other. The sewn jerseys are then separated by cutting into groups that make up the content of books, catalogs, etc. Thread stitching is an expensive but longest lasting method of binding.
ALTITUDE LAMP: These are warning lamps used to make ships, planes and high structures visible day or night.
RIGHT OF ALLIANCE: It is the authority to benefit or use the route area decided to be expropriated. See… Right of Way
OHS: Refers to occupational health and safety.
ISCOSITY: The viscosity of a fluid is a property that shows the strength of its resistance against shear force (against flow). It changes in direct proportion to temperature. It is perceived as the resistance of the fluid to flow.
PROVEN RESERVES: According to geological and engineering data, they are potential reserves that are ready to be used in the coming years and are economical to extract and operate.
Proved Reserves: Proven reserves are reserves where the amount of gas and oil that can be recovered can be determined with high precision. The actual amount of production is equal to or more than the estimated proven reserves.
STACKER: Stackers are wide-mouthed bottles typically used for pills, capsules and tablets. Alpha, PET and HDPE produce many different types of hoarders.
RETAINING WALL: It is a retaining wall.
BUSINESS DAY: It means the time period between 8:00 and 17:00 from Monday to Friday, excluding public holidays.
Treatment: It is a chemical reaction and / or physical separation. Typical examples are chemical sweetening, acid treating, tin contacting, caustic washing, hydrotreating, drying, solvent extraction and solvent devaking. Sweetening compounds and acids are applied to the crude oil before the process to remove sulfur; It is applied to products during or after the process.
OPERATING PRESSURE: It is the pressure of the fluid in which operating pipelines and equipment can serve safely for a long time without physical deformation.
OPERATION PROTOCOL: It is an agreement between the Transporter and the Distribution Company, in which the issues regarding the operation of the stations whose ownership and operational responsibility belong to the Distribution Companies and the determination of natural gas measurements and characteristics to be made at these stations are determined.
OPERATION REPORT: It is the document showing the daily realizations of the Supply-Demand quantities, the operating regimes of the Compressor Stations and the other pipeline segments.
OPERATING COMPANY: It is a private or legal institution or organization that operates natural gas networks and facilities, trades any kind of gas of hydrocarbon origin, and can also make investments within the area it is responsible for.
ITFA: To close a debt by repaying it bit by bit. In our commercial life, with the completion of a debt by paying it bit by bit, especially fixtures in accounting are used to mean the destruction of the values of the last capitalized assets by dividing them into years.
IMPORTER COMPANY: It is a legal entity that carries out the activities of procuring natural gas in LNG or gas form from abroad for the purpose of selling natural gas to wholesale companies, eligible consumers or exporting companies or directly selling it abroad.
REPUTATION ORDER: It is a letter written from one person to another and showing an order that provides credit and reputation for the benefit of a third party.
REPUTATIONAL VALUE: It is the value written on all kinds of bonds, assets and bonds.
Ionic Polymerization: A type of chain growth polymerization; kinetic-chain carriers and generally growing chain ends are ions.
TRACE: These are the images that appear on the examination surface as a result of the liquid discharge of the penetration material that has entered the surface cracks (errors). (Ref: Liquid Intrusion Examination)
Izod Impact Test: It is a test method in which the test sample is broken by striking on a notched test sample and the absorbed energy is measured.
Izodevaksing: It is a process applied to lower the pour point of waxy refinates.
INSULATOR: In case the steel pipeline is caissoned with a steel pipe, it is a plastic-based element usually made of teflon, which is inserted into the outside of the line pipe like a ring in order to prevent the contact between the steel line and the caisson pipe and to ensure that the line pipe is centered in the caisson.
ISOLATION DETECTOR: During the pipeline construction; Producing high voltage current to control the fabricated insulator on the pipe surface and micro punctures on the hot or cold winding insulations made on the welding joints and applying it to the pipe surface by generating a high voltage current and signal sound in the damaged part.
Isomer: Compounds with the same chemical composition and molecular weight, but different molecular structures; For example, the butane molecule has two isomers.
Isomerization: It is the catalytic conversion of straight-chain hydrocarbon molecules into branched-chain (high octane number) molecules; In the reaction, the carbon skeleton of a molecule is rearranged without removing or adding any atoms or groups from its original state. For example, nbutane, n-pentane, and n-hexane are converted into their high octane isoparaffins through various reactions. The isomerization of n-Hexane to isohexane (2-methylpentane) takes place in five steps; dehydrogenation, protonation, methyl hydride shift (shift), proton separation (elimination) and hydrogenation.
Isooctane: It is a hydrocarbon molecule (2,2,4-trimethylpentane) with an excellent anti-knock property and with an octane number of 100.
Isopolyester: A series of unsaturated polyester resins using isophthalic acid. They are resins characterized by their higher resistance to weather conditions, impact and chemical effects.
Isocyanate-Based Plastics: They are resin-based plastics obtained by the reaction of organic isocyanates with other components.
Isotactic Polymer: All of the asymmetric atoms in a macromolecule or polymer molecule are in similar configurations; typical example is polypropylene.
Isothermal: Defines the work done under constant temperature.
Isotropic: It is the quality of a material to have homogeneous properties in all directions.
Jack: Jack
JAKBIT BAR, Auger prepared with a conical or threaded end so that Jakbit can be attached or screwed.
JAKBIT is an end piece with swollen chisel or star point, hard metal parts made of hard steel or prepared with silver soldering to the cutting edges, which can be attached to the threaded or conical end of the headless drill rod by screwing or threading.
JALON, to mark the observation points and to be used as targets, usually circular cross-section wood, metal, etc. 2.0m long and 3cm diameter material made of material and painted in red-white or black-white colors in 50 cm sections. It has a pointed iron at one end so that it can be centered on the point. It is used with a special stand and a spherical level in order to be able to sew the jets vertically to the observation point. -> Figure, Streamer.
Jam: Nut counter nut, jam nut
JAMESON FLOTATION CELL, -> Cellul (flood). JASP, 1) Red, brown, green, dirty (impure), light, transparent, cryptocrystalline, slightly fractured quartz. 2) A rock consisting of turbid, opaque various colored silicified clay. As they show completely sedimentary rock character, they sometimes form veins of hydrothermal origin. Black colored jaspa is called lydite or touchstone. 3) Jaspis. Jasp is a type of chalcedony, the thin and variable layered is called bandjasp, the colorful thinly layered, chalcedony and crystal quartz grained one is called jasp agate or agate jasps. Jasptan Vases, plates (boxes) were made in the Ancient and Middle Ages. -> Horn stone.
JASP AGICS, -> Jasp.
JASPIS, -> Jasp, Hornstone. JELATIN is an explosive substance that has been turned into gelatin with the addition of nitrocellulose and whose main substance is nitroglycerin.
Jaw: Jaw, vise or chuck jaw
Gel Coat: (or Surface Coating) The term gel coat is often used generically to describe any resin-based surface coat, but the term technically applies to polyester-based materials. The term surface coating can be used to describe epoxy or polyester materials. Surface coatings are specially formulated, thickened resin versions that can be applied to the surface of a mold or part to act as a cosmetic and protective coating.
Gel: During the change of liquid resin, before passing to the solid phase (initial stage of solidification); It is a network structure system in semi-liquid form.
Gel: It is a semi-solid, gel-like structure; for example, some colloidal dispersions in rest.
Gelcoat: It is a resin that is applied to the mold surface and gels before the felt is deposited on the mold. This resin, which forms a whole with the molded product, is especially applied when a smooth product surface is desired.
Gel Point: The level at which the resin in liquid form begins to show pseudoelastic properties. This level can be clearly observed from the inflection point on the viscosity-time graph.
Gelification: It is the state that the viscosity of the resin increases up to a certain point during the curing reaction. When tested by inserting a stick, it can be observed that the resin reaches a gel consistency.
GENERATOR GAS, A heating and propulsion gas obtained by blowing or sucking air from the lowest layer that is turned into incandescent in a furnace called generator of solid fuels such as coal, wood, charcoal. Its heat value is 1700 kcal / m3. If water vapor is added to the blown or sucked air, the gas consisting of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is called "Mixed Gas". If only water vapor is blown or sucked from the furnace, the gas containing high hydrogen content is called "Water Gas".
JEODEZİ, The science of geography.
Geophysics: It is the science that studies the physical properties of the earth.
GEOPHYSICAL LOGS (GEOPHYS - ICAL LOGS): These are the procedures applied during drilling to collect information from geological formations along the well.
Geophone: Very sensitive instruments used by geophysicists and seismologists to measure earth movements or vibrations.
Geochemistry: It is the science that deals with the chemistry of rocks and minerals.
GEOLOGICAL MAP A map showing the distribution and relationships between rock formations and other physical features such as fault lines.
Geologic hazards Hazardous geological conditions of natural origin or caused by human activity, such as faults, volcanoes, landslides, earthquakes and soil deposits.
Geology: It is the science that studies the evolution and structure of the earth's crust.
GEOSPHERE [Geosphere] Solid, inanimate part of the earth, except for the atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere.
JEOTERMAL ENERJI [Geothermal energy] Earth's internal heat, which consists of radioactive separation of certain elements; this heat is a potentially large and indeed untapped source of energy.
Geothermal Energy: It is the energy obtained from underground heat. The heat from molten rocks (magma) heats the underground water pools; These hot pools are called geothermal reservoirs. The water in the geothermal pond is often boiling, and when any hole or opening is found on the ground surface, it sprays in the form of hot vapors or boils in the form of a hot geyser.
JET (KÖR): It is the element that closes the line by placing it between the connection flanges in the pipeline.
Jet Fuel: These are fuels produced by blending kerosene and / or 'wide-cut' fractions used in turbine aircraft engines to meet the requirements in the specifications.
Jig borer: precision carving machine
Jig: Punching die
JIPS, 1) CaSO4. 2 H2O chemical composition, monocline crystalline, colorless, transparent, clay or iron oxide mixed state can be gray, yellow or red in color. The gypsum is heated up to 120½C and some of the crystal water is evaporated. This gypsum (gypsum), which is turned into powder, is mixed with a little water and used in medicine, modeling, wall fluids, due to its quick freezing feature. Natural gypsum is heated up to 500½C or 1000½C to obtain special gypsum used in special construction mortars, artificial stone making and gypsum-concrete construction works. -> Gypsum.
JİZMAN, -> Mineral deposit. J
J-COVER FINISH (hinge-guard): The flexible hinge is used to connect the main body with the flip-top cover part. is also the proof that it is.
Job lot production: batch manufacturing, mixed goods manufacturing
Job shop operation: Order workshop
Job: Job, order
Joining: Joining, assembly
Joint: Joint, joint, swivel, joint, connection, fixing place
JOULE (J): It is a unit of measure for energy and work. When a force of 1 Newton is applied to an object, the value of the work done is 1 Joule if it moves the object to a distance of 1 meter in the direction of the force.
Journal bearing: Plain bearing
K
K (BLACK-SİYAH): Proses baskıda siyah mürekkep için kullanılan kısaltma
K DEĞERİ: Koku ikaz basamağına ulaşmak için gerekli mg/m3 cinsin - den koku verici madde konsantra - syonudur. (İlgi: Kokulandırma)
KABA KIRLILIK [ Coarse pollution ] Agirlik yada yogun kirlilik; bir inçin 1/8 'inden daha büyük boyutlu, istenmeyen herhangi bir madde.
Kabarcıklar: Bölgesel olarak veya tüm yüzeyde beliren uygulama hatalarıdır. Hızlı sertleşme sonucunda, reçine, dolgu veya cam elyafının içinde rutubet bulunması gibi etkenlerden kaynaklanabilir.
KABARTMALI (EMBOS) LAK: Genelde baskı sonrası uygulama olarak kullanılmaktadır, vurgulanmak istenen logo, obje ve marka gibi grafiklere parlaklık ve embos (gofre) efekti vererek daha belirgin ve göz alıcı hale getirmektedir.
KABOT DENETIMI [ Cabot control ] Yüzeye bir fitil sokup döküntüyü tutma.
Kabuklanma: Kabuğu soyulmuş portakal görüntüsünde bir yüzey hatasıdır.
KABUL KREDİSİ: Bir üçüncü kişinin ticari bir senede garanti verdiği ve muhatap yerine kaim olduğu durumları belirten iktisadi bir terimdir.
KAÇAK [ Blow out ] Basinç kontrolü kayboldugunda ortaya çikan yag yada gaz sizintisi.
KAÇAK AKIMLAR: Bir doğru akım elektrik kaynağından veya başka bir yapıdan zemin içerisine dağılan elektrik akımlarıdır. Bu akımlar kaplamanın zayıf olduğu bölgeden boruya girerek boru üzerindeki zayıf bölgelere doğru akar. Çevre zemin direncinin en düşük olduğu bölgeden boruyu terk ederken o bölgeler anot olarak korozyona uğrar. (İlgi: Katodik Koruma)
KAFA BOŞLUĞU: Şişenin boynunda içeriğin ulaştığı seviye ile kapak arasında kalan boşluk.Bu boşluk ürünün ambalajlandıktan sonra ısınma veya başka bir aksiyona bağlı olarak genişlemesine karşı bırakılır.Kafa boşluğu,aynı zamanda nakliye için plastik şişe ve kavanozlarla doldurulan oluklu mukavva için de kullanılır.
KAĞIT MAKAS PAYI: Ofset baskı makinasının kağıdı tutma payıdır. Tabladan gelen kağıdı salıngaç makasları, baskı silindiri üzerindeki makasa verir. Baskı silindiri ile kauçuk silindiri arasından preslenerek geçen kağıda baskı yapılmış olur. Bırakılan bu paya baskı yapılmaz. Silme işlerde bu pay mutlaka bırakılmalıdır.
KAHVERENGI DUMAN [ Brown smoke ] Fosil yakitlarin nispeteb düsük isida yanmasindan olusan ve siyah dumandan daha az yogun duman.
Kalan Petrol Rezervleri (Remaining Petroleum Reserves): Keşfedilmiş alanlarda henüz çıkarılmamış olan petrol miktarıdır (hacim); Kalan petrol rezervleri = Bilinen petrol rezervleri – Üretilen toplam petrol.
Kalenderleme (Calendering): Kalender: Genellikle kauçuk malzemelerden film veya levha üretiminde kullanılan bir işleme yöntemidir. Kauçuk, ısıtmalı ve soğutmalı çok sayıdaki silindirler arasında sıkıştırılarak istenilen kalınlıkta levhaya dönüştürülür.
Kalıcı Gerilim: Dış yüklere maruz kalmayan ve üniform bir ısıda, dengede, hareketsiz bir vaziyette, gövdede varolan gerilimdir.
KALINTI [ Residue ] Kati atigin islenmesi sonucunda ortaya çikan nihai ürün; yakma isleminden sonra firinda olusan kati maddelerden ibaret kalinti.
KALINTI KLOR [ Residual chlorine ] Klorlama islemi sonrasi suda kalan klor miktari.
Kalıntı: Hampetrolün fraksiyonlu distilasyonunda kolon dibinden çıkan uçucu olmayan bileşenlerden oluşan akımdır.
Kalıp ayırıcı: Kalıp yüzeyine uygulanan yada malzeme içine katılan, kalıplanmış ürünün kalıptan ayrılmasını kolaylaştıran katkılardır.
Kalıp Ayırıcılar: Kalıplanan parçanın, kalıba yapışmasını engellemek için kullanılan bir kaydırıcı sıvı, silikon yağlar ve vaks türü malzemelerdir.
Kalıp Basıncı: Kalıp boşluğunun tamamının reçine ile doldurulabilmesi, yumuşatılmış plastiğin itilebilmesi için ekipman tarafından uygulanan basınçtır.
Kalıp Boşluğu: Reçine veya kalıplama bileşiğinin döküldüğü veya enjekte edildiği bir kalıbın iki parçası arasında kalan boşluktur.
Kalıp çekme: Kalıp ile kalıplanmış parçanın birbirine olan boyutsal farkıdır.
Kalıp Çekmesi: Kalıplanan bir parçanın kalıptan çıkarılıp, oda sıcaklığında soğutulduğu sırada oluşan, ani gelen çekmedir.
KALIP MAKAS PAYI: Kalıp plakasının kalıp kazanına bağlanması için ayrılan paydır.Baskı yapmayan kısımdır.
Kalıp Seti: Levha prosesinde levhalara şekil verme amacıyla kullanılan ve çok parçadan oluşan şekillendirme takımını ifade eder.
Kalıp Yüzeyi: Otoklav veya hidroklav içindeki sertleşme sırasında, kalıpla temas eden laminatın yüzeyidir.
Kalıp Yüzü: Kompozit parçanın, sertleşirken kalıp veya mandrel yüzeyine temas ettiği yüzeydir.
Kalıp: Plastik bileşimin yerleştirildiği ve şekillendirildiği boşluktur.
KALIP: Montajı tamamlanmış filmlerin görüntülerinin, ışık yoluyla aktarıldığı ve bazı kimyasal işlemlerle baskıya hazır hale getirilen yüzeyi ışığa duyarlı metal plakalardır.
Kalıp: Parçanın yapılacağı ürün. Erkek ve dişi olmak üzere iki ana kalıp türü vardır. Bir erkek kalıp, kopyalanan ürünle aynıdır ve parça, kalıp üzerinde yapılır. Dişi veya boşluk kalıbı, kopyalanacak öğenin tersidir ve parça kalıbın içinde yapılır. Kelime aynı zamanda kompozit üretim sürecini tanımlamak için de kullanılabilir: Bir parçanın kalıplanması.
Kalıplama Devresi: İş parçasının tamamlanması için geçen zamanların toplamına denir. Kalıplama devresine, malzeme yükleme, kalıbı kapatma, pişirme, kalıbı açma ve sonraki yükleme için gerekli temizleme zamana dâhildir. Sıkıştırma kalıpları genellikle taşmalı, yarı taşmalı ve taşmasız olarak yapılmaktadır.
Kalıplama: Bir polimer veya kompozitin, istenilen hacim ve şekilde katı bir cisim halinde şekillendirilmesidir.
Kalıplama: Termoplastikler ve termosetler çeşitli yöntemlerle şekillendirilir. Uygulamaları en yaygın olan prosesler arasında, injeksiyon kalıplama, basınçla kalıplama, transfer kalıplama, ekstruzyon kalıplama, şişirme kalıplama, rotasyonal kalıplama sayılabilir.
KALİBRASYON BLOĞU: Belirli bir kompozisyona, ısıl işleme, geometrik şekle ve yüzeye sahip metal bir blok olup aynı (benzer) kompozisyona sahip malzemelerin muayenesi için; ultrasonik hata tespit cihazının kalibre edildiği ve performansının değerlendirildiği bir bloktur. (İlgi: Ultrasonik Muayene)
KALİBRASYON: Belirlenmiş koşul - lar altında ölçme cihazı veya ölçme sisteminin gösterdiği değerler veya maddi ölçüt ile gösterilen değerler ile ölçülen büyüklüğün, bunlara karşılık geldiği bilinen değerleri ar - asındaki ilişkiyi belirleyen işlemler dizisidir.
Kalibrasyon: Belirli koşullar altında doğruluğu bilinen bir referans ölçüm standardı veya ölçüm sistemini kullanarak doğruluğu aranan diğer birstandart veya test/ölçü aleti yada sistemin doğruluğunun ölçülmesi, sapmalarının belirlenmesi ve rapor edilmesi işlemini ifade eder.
KALİBRASYON: Dönüştürücü voltaj çıkışlarının bir referans standardının çıktılarıyla karşılaştırılması.
KALİTE BELGESİ: Depolama Şirketi tarafından Ölçüm İstasyonunda teslim alınan veya teslim edilen doğal gazın özelliklerini gösteren belgeyi ifade eder.
KALİTE KUSURU: Ülkemiz giren gazın kimyasal özelliklerinden sap - ma durumunu gösteren terimdir. Kalite Kusuru’ na ilişkin referans aralıları ŞİD de belirtilmiştir.
KALMA SÜRESI [ Residence time ] Incelenen bir maddenin bir havuzda yada rezervuarda kaldigi ortalama süre.
KALORİ: Normal atmosfer basıncı (1.01325 Bar) altında 1 gram saf suyun sıcaklığının 14.5°C’den 15.5°C’ye çıkarılması için gereken enerji miktarına eşit bir enerji birimidir. KALORİMETRE: Yanma işlemi sonucunda açığa çıkan ısıyı ölçen cihazdır.
Kalori: Gram kalori, 1 atmosfer basınçta ve 15 0C’deki1 gram suyun sıcaklığını 1 0C yükseltmek için gereken ısı miktarı olarak tanımlanır. Bak. Spesifik enerji
KALSIYUM HIDROKSIT [ Calcium hydroxide ] Sönmüs kireç diye de bilinen, aritma süreçlerinde pH ayarlamasi ve pihtilastirma islemlerinde kullanilan kalsiyum bilesigi.
Kalsinasyon: Bir malzemeni ergitilmeksizin yüksek bir sıcaklığa kadar ısıtılarak içerdiği uçucu bileşenlerden arındırılması prosesidir; Örneğin hidratlar, karbonatlar ve benzeri maddeler parçalanarak su, karbondioksit, v.s. verirler.
KAMBURA: Sert kapaklı işlerde sırtı yuvarlatma işlemidir.Ciltte kitap sırtlarının yuvarlatılması işlemi. Çok sayfalı ve sert kapaklı kitap ajanda vb. materyallerin dayanıklılığını arttırmak ve estetik görünmesini sağlamak amacıyla iplik dikiş ve tutkallamanın ardından el ile (çekiç ile sırta vurarak) veya makine ile yapılan bir işlemdir.
KANAL [ Channel ] Suyun belirli bir dogrultuda akmasini saglayan dogal yada yapay olusum.
KANALIZASYON ANA BORULARI [ Sewer mains ] Atik suyu kanallardan toplayan ve ana kanallara ileten, çapi genis lagim kanallari.
KANALIZASYON ANA HAT KANALI [ Trunk sewer ] Atik suyu lagim ana borularindan toplayan ve aritma tesisine yada bir bosaltma menfezine ileten, genis çapli ana borusu.
KANALIZASYON KAPASITESI [ Sewer capacity ] Bir kanalizasyon borusunun tutabilecegi azami atik su miktari; beher gün için kisi basina belli syida galon olarak ifade edilir.
KANALIZASYON SISTEMI [ Sewerage system ] Atik suyun toplanmasinda, islenmesinde ve tasfiyesinde kullanilan donanim.
KANALLAMA [ Channelization ] Büyük miktardaki suyun, su düzeyini tehlikeli biçimde yükseltmeksizin iletilmesini saglamak üzere akinti kanallarinin degistirilmesi.
KANAT (FLANK): Tuz domunun yer altında bulunan sınırlarıdır.
Kangal Tüp (Sarmal Tüp): Çapı küçük uzun ve esnek bir borudur, Bir araba üzerine monte edilmiş büyük bir makaraya sarılarak toplanır, gerektiğinde makaradan açılıp (sondaj, tamamlama ve diğer operasyonlarda) kullanılır.
KANSER YAPICILAR [ Carcinogenes ] Kansere yol açan etki maddeleri.
KAPALI AKIFER [ Confined aquifer ] Kaya katmanlari arasinda sikisip kalmis yer alti suyu.
KAPALI ATIK GAZ BACA SİSTEMİ: Yanma sonucu oluşan gazların cihazın bulunduğu ortamdan sızdırmaz şekilde atmosfere atıldığı sistemdir.
KAPALI SISTEM [ Closed system ] Disindaki nesnelerle madde alisverisi olmayan sistem.
KAPAMA EMNİYET VENTİLİ: Basınç düşürme istasyonu çıkışındaki doğal gaz şebeke veya tesisatlarında, gaz basıncının müsaade edilen emniyet basıncı alt ve üst sınırını aşması durumunda, otomatik olarak gaz akışını kesen cihazdır. Manuel olarak müdahale edilmezse kendisi açılmaz. (İlgi: Emniyet Ventili)
KAPAMA TOLERANSI: Regülatörün kapanması esnasında, regülatörden geçen gaz debisinin maksimum ve sıfır aralığında, müsaade edilen en fazla çıkış basıncı artış oranıdır. (Kapama Toleransı KT 30 ise, kapama esnasında müsaade edilen maksimum çıkış basıncı, ayarlanan çıkış basıncının %30 fazlasıdır.) (İlgi: Regülatör)
KAPAMA: Mühür kaba düzgün şekilde uygulandığında onu ilk etkileyen metal veya kalıp kapağı tanımlamak için kullanılan terim.
Kapan Çeşitleri: Birleşik Kapan, Fay (Fault) Kapan, Kemer (Anticline) Kapan, Kıstırma (Pinchout) Kapan, Benzeyişsizlik (unconformities) Kapan, v.s.
Kapanlanma: Geçirgen rezervuar kayaçları (karbonatlar, kumtaşları), hidrokarbonların göçmesine engel olan geçirgenlikleri az kayaçlarla (örtü kayaçları) sarıldığı zaman kapanlar meydana gelir. Tipik örtü (seal, cap) kayaçlar sıkı dokulu şeyller, evaporitler, betonlanmış sert kumtaşları ve karbonat kayaçlarıdır.
KAPASİTE BEDELİ: Sözleşme Depolama Kapasitesi üzerinden alınacak bedeldir.
KAPASİTE EĞRİSİ: Regülatör çıkış basıncına bağlı olarak debideki değişimi gösteren eğriye kapasite eğrisi denir. (İlgi: Regülatör)
KAPASİTE: Belirlenen bir ürün miktarı için kabın içindeki boşluk miktarı.Bir şişenin normal hacmi (genelde cc,ml,ons veya gramla ölçülür).Bir şişe standart kapasitesine kadar doldurulduğunda genelde içerik omuz hizasına gelir.
KAPATMA BASINCI: Regülatörün subap yuvasını subap başı ile kapatarak gaz akışının durdurulacağı çıkış basınç değeridir.
Kapiler Etkisi: Sıvıların çapı çok küçük türlerde film, damlacıklar, kabarcıklar, v.s. oluşturarak yükselmesi veya alçalmasıdır.
KAPLAMA KALINLIĞI: Çelik boruları korozyondan korumak ve elektrik yalıtımı sağlamak amacıyla bitüm, polietilen vb. malzeme ile yapılan kaplamanın ortalama kalınlığını tanımlar. Kaplama kalınlığı milimetre veya mills cinsinden ifade edilir. (İlgi: Mills)
KAPLAMA UZAMASI: Boru yüzeyinin kaplanmasında kullanılan polietilen malzemeden alınan numunenin çekilerek koparılması sırasında meydana gelen uzamanın, numunenin çekme öncesi boyuna oranıdır.
Kaplama: Bir malzemenin plastik madde ile kaplanmasıdır. Baskılı devrelerin ve kondansatörlerin üretiminde kullanılır.
Kaplin: Uç kısımlarında yivler bulunan iki boruyu birbirine bağlamak için kullanılan her iki tarafı da yivlenmiş metal bir halkadır.
KARADAN ESEN RÜZGAR [ Land Breeze ] Izellikle karanin denizlerden daha hizli sogudugu bulutsuz gecelerde, karalardan denize dogru olan kara hareketi.
KARBOKSIHEMEGLOBIN [ COHb = Carboxyhaemoglobin ] Kanda oksijen tasiyan hemoglobin pigmentinin karbon monoksit ile birlestiginde olusturdugu bilesik. Bu madde, oksijen tasinimini engelleyip, ölüme yol açar.
Karbon Çeliği: En fazla %2 karbon, %1.65 manganez ve diğer bazı elementler içeren karbon ve demir alaşımıdır.
KARBON DIOKSIT [ Carbon dioxide ] Yeterli oksiyen kosullarinda fosil yakitlarin yanmasiyla olusan, atmosferde mevcut bir bilesik. Soludugumuz oksijeni yayan klorofili bitkiler için gerekli olup kendi basina zehirli degildir, ancak yogun haldeyken bogucu olabilir.
KARBON DÖNGÜSÜ [ (Carbon cycle ] Karbon atomalrinin fiziksel, jeolojik, kimyasal ve diger süreçler sonucunda atmosfet, okyanuslar, yeryüzü vb. arasindaki dolasimi.
Karbon Elyafı: Rayon, poliakrilonitril (PAN), zift (pitch), gibi organik liflerin inert bir ortamda pirolize edilmesi ile elde edilen takviye lifleridir.
Karbon Fiber: Kuvvetlendirici fiber, öncü bir organik maddenin (PAN, poliakrilonitril gibi) piroliziyle elde edilir; yüksek performanslı kompozitler ve alçak yoğunluklu, mekanik performansları fevkalade malzemelerin yapımında kullanılır. Termoplastiklere, küçük kıymıklar halinde katılarak malzemenin hem dayanıklı ve hem de hafif olması sağlanır.
KARBON MONOKSIT [ Carbon monoxide ] Fosil yakitlarin yeterince hava ile yanmamasindan olusan, gözle görülmeyen, tatsiz, kokusuzz ve son derece zehirli bir gaz.
Karbon Nanotüp: Bak. Nanotüp
KARBON SİYAHI: Polietilen malzemelerin güneş ışığındaki ultraviyole ışınlarına karşı korunması amacıyla katılan katkı maddesidir.
Karbon Siyahı: Tanecik büyüklüğü, taneciklerin aglomerizasyon derecesi ve yüzey aktivitesi kontrollü olarak üretilen elementel karbondur; tanecik büyüklüğü ve üretim yöntemine göre birkaç tipi vardır.
KARBON SOGURMASI ( ABSORBSIYONU YADA ADSORPSIYONU ) [ CA= Carbon absorption or adsorption ] Aktif karbon kullanilarak yapilan sogurma veya adsorpsiyon.
Karbon, Endüstriyel: Karbon siyahı, seçilmiş petrol koku, needle kok (elektrotların grafitlenmesinde kullanılan kristal kok), elektrot zifti.
Karbon: Bütün organik polimerlerin belkemiğini oluşturan elementtir. Grafit, karbonun daha düzenli şeklidir. Elmas; karbon’un yoğun kristal halidir.
Karbon: Çeşitli yapılarda bulunabilen bir termal elementtir; elmas (beyaz, kristalin), grafit (yumuşak, tabaka yapılı, yağlı görünümlü), kok, mangal kömürü (siyah, set, katı) değişik karbon türleridir. Karbon tüm hidrokarbonların temelidir, hidrojenle birleşerek sayısız hidrokarbon bileşiğini oluşturur.
Karbonat Kayacı: Kireç taşı ve mermerin temel mineralleri olan kalsit veya dolomit gibi bir karbonat mineralinden oluşan kayadır.
Karbonat: Magrine organizmaların sert kısımlarından oluşmuş kayaçlardır; kalsit, aragonit ve dolomit değişik yapılarda karbonat kayaçlardır.
KARBONDİOKSİT (CO2): Yanma sonucu oluşan boğucu bir gazdır. Doğal gazın tam yanması sonucunda oluşan CO2 miktarı 11,7 % olmalıdır.
Karbon-Karbon: Karbon veya grafit matriks içinde karbon veya grafit elyafı içeren kompozit bir malzemedir.
KARBONMONOKSİT (CO): Yanma sonucu oluşan zehirleyici bir gazdır. Doğal gazın tam yanması sonucunda oluşan CO miktarı sıfıra yakın olmalıdır.
KARINCALANMA: Oksidasyon ve korozyon yoluyla malzeme moleküllerinin ana kütleden koparak ayrılması sonucu malzeme yüzeyinde görülen pürüzlü yapıdır.
KARISIK IMARLI BÖLGE [ Mixed developing zone ] Farkli imar (gelisme) tiplerinin gerçeklestigi alan.
KARIŞTIRMA HÜCRESİ: Enjektör ve brülör üfleme ağzını birbirine bağlayan, gaz ve havanın içinde karıştığı hücredir.
KARKAS (İSKELET): Bir yapının betonarme, çelik, ahşap gibi taşıyıcı sistemidir.
Karot (Core) Analizi: Bir karot örneğinin laboratuvar analizidir; bir oluşumun (petrol ve gaz yatağı) porozite, geçirgenlik, litoloji, akışkan içeriği, dalma (batma) açısı, jeolojik yaşı ve üretkenlik (productivite) özelliklerinin saptanmasını sağlar.
Karot (Core): Jeolojik analizler için kayaçlardan alınan silindirik örneklerdir.
KAROT: Zemin, beton, asfalt gibi yapımlardan, özel aygıt (karotiyer) ile alınan silindirik örnektir.
KARŞI BASINÇ: Alev borulu kazanlarda yanma ürünlerinin kazan çıkışına kadar ulaşmasına karşı kazan içerisinde gösterileri dirençtir. Brülör seçiminde kazan karşı basıncı mutlaka dikkate alınmalıdır.
Karton (Kağıt) : Selülozun (kağıt hamuru) sıkıştırılması ile elde edilen bir çeşit kalın kağıt.
Kasa: Bir gaz kuyusunun duvarlarını kaplamada kullanılır; amaç kuyunun çökmesini önlemek, çevrenin ve kayaç tabakalarının petrolle ve sondaj sıvılarıyla kirlenmesini önlemektir. Kasa, kuyu boşluğuna daldırılan ve yere çimento ile bağlanan metal borudur; yer altı oluşumlarını (örneğin kaynak suyu gibi) ve kuyu deliğini korur. İlk olarak yer altı sularını güvenceye almak için yüzey kasalaması, sonra üretim kasalaması yapılır. Hidrokarbonların kuyudan yüzeye aktığı tüp üretim kasasının içine yerleştirilir. İki-yollu konverterlerde son iki reaksiyonla CO ve yanmamış hidrokarbonlar giderilir; nitrojen oksitlerin indirgenme reaksiyonu yoktur. Bu tip katalitik konverterler dizel motorları ve 1981 öncesi benzin motorlarında kullanılır.
KASET: Pozlama sırasında, ekranlı veya ekransız radyografik film, plaka veya kâğıdı tutmak için yapılmış ve ön yüzeyi Gamma veya X ışınlarını geçirebilecek nitelikte olan ışık geçirmeyen bükülebilir veya sert bir muhafazadır. (İlgi: Radyografik Muayene)
Kat Planı: Kaç kat elyaf ve takviye malzemesinin kullanılacağını belirten planı ifade eder.
Kat: Bir veya daha fazla tabakayı (laminat v.s) kapsayan kumaşlar veya dokumalardır. Tabakalar bir yığını oluşturmaktadırlar.
Katajenez: Kerojenin daha derinlere (1000-6000 m) gömülmesiyle artan sıcaklık (60-177 0C) ve basınç ortamında hidrokarbonlara dönüştüğü parçalanma prosesleridir.
KATALITIK DÖNÜSTÜRÜCÜ [ Catalytic converter ] Bk. Katalitik susturucu ( catalytic mufflers )
KATALITIK SUSTURUCU [ Catalytic mufflers ] Katalitik dönüstürücü diye bilinir. Içten yanmali motoru bulunan tasitlarin egzos borularina takilan hava kirliligini denetleme aygiti.
Katalitik Dewaksing: Hidrokarbon fraksiyonlarda bulunan waksları seçici olarak parçalayan (hidrokrak) moleküler elekli bir katalitik hidrokraking prosesidir; distile yakıtlara, soğukta akışkanlıklarını koruyabilmesi için düşük akma noktası özellikleri kazandırır.
Katalitik Konverter: Otomobil eksoz sistemlerinde bulunan bir emisyon kontrol ekipmanıdır; içinde platin, paladyum veya rodyum gibi bir katalizör vardır. Eksoz gazlarındaki yanmamış hidrokarbonlar (HC), karbon monoksit (CO) ve nitrojen oksitlerin (NOx) giderilmesini veya en az düzeye düşürülmesini sağlar. Katalitik konverterler üç veya iki yollu olabilirler. Üç-yollu bir konverterde nitrojen oksitler nitrojen, karbon dioksit, oksijene indirgenir; karbon monoksit karbon dioksite yükseltgenir; ve yanmamış hidrokarbonlar karbon dioksit ve suya oksitlenir. Bu tip konverterler 1981 yılından sonra geliştirilmiştir; benzinli, oksijenli benzinli ve LPG’li motorlar için uygundur.
Katalitik Kraking: Isı ve katalizörler kullanılarak ağır hidrokarbon molekülleri daha küçük hidrokarbon fraksiyonlara parçalama (kırma) prosesidir.
Katalitik Reforming: Benzin bileşenlerini halkalı yapılara dönüştüren ve dehidrojenasyon reaksiyonlarının oluştuğu katalitik bir prosestir. Bak. Reforming
Katalizör: Bu endüstride başlatıcı ile anlamdaş olarak kullanılmaktadır. “Başlatıcı”, “hızlandırıcı”, “sertleştirici” (Hardener) ve “destekleyici” (Promoter) a bakınız.
Katalizör: Bir kimyasal reaksiyonda, reaksiyona giren maddelerle kimyasal reaksiyon arasında yürütücü veya yardımcı olarak görev yapan, fakat kendisi reaksiyona girmeyen bir maddedir. Katalizör, reaksiyon hızını artırır ve istenilen reaksiyonları artırıp istenmeyenleri azaltarak kontrol altında tutar.
Katalizör; Metallosene: Organometalik komplekslerdir; zirkonyum veya titanyum bazlı, genellikle polipropilen ve polietilen üretiminde kullanılan tek uçlu (single-site) katalizörlerdir; sistemde silisyum ve nitrojen gibi bazı hetero atomlar bulunur. Metallosene sözcüğü bir metalin iki siklopentadienil arasında sandviç şeklinde yer alması dolayısıyladır.
Katalizör; Ziegler: Lineer alçak yoğunluklu polietilen, yüksek yoğunluklu polietilen ve polipropilen gibi doğrusal ve stereospesifik polimerlerin elde edilmesinde kullanılan titanyum bazlı ve çok-uçlu (multi-site) katalizörlerdir.
KATI ATIK [ Solid waste ] Kati özellikleri tasiyan her türlü atik madde.
KATI ATIK YÖNETIMI [ Solid waste management ] Kati atiklarin toplanmasini, islenmesini ve tasfiyesini, ayrica yeniden islenerek kullanilmasini planli biçimde denetleme sistemi.
KATISIK GIDA [ Adulterated food ] Safligi giderilmis gida maddesi.
KATKI MADDELERI [ Additives ] Istenen özellikleri islah etmek veya istenmeyen nitelikleri gidermek için eklenen maddeler.
Katkı Maddesi (Additive): Petrol ürünlerine kalitelerini yükseltmek veya özel karakteristikler kazandırmak için az miktarlarda ilave edilen kimyasal maddelerdir; örneğin, aşınma, köpük, oksidasyon, aşırı yük, korozyon, pas önleyiciler gibi.
Katkı: Herhangi bir madde içine, özelliklerini modifiye etmek amacı ile katılan plastifiyen, ışık absorblayıcılar ve alev geçiktiriciler gibi maddelerdir.
KATODIK KORUMA [ Cathodic protection ] Metal bazli yer alti veya sualti borularini paslanmaya ( oksitlenmeye ) karsi koruyan elektrokimyasal yöntem.
KATODİK KORUMA AKIM İHTİYACI: Bir boru hattını katodik olarak koruyabilmek için gerekli olan minimum elektrik akım şiddetidir. (İlgi: Katodik Koruma)
KATODİK KORUMA ÖLÇÜ KUTUSU: Katodik koruması yapılmış çelik boru hattına uygulanan koruma akımlarının etkili olup olmadığının işletme süresince kontrol edilmesi için boru hattı boyunca yeterli sayıda yerleştirilmiş ölçüm noktalarıdır. (İlgi: Katodik Koruma)
KATODİK KORUMA REDRESÖR ÜNİTESİ: Katodik koruma amacıyla çelik boru hattına uygulanan koruma akımlarını (doğru akım) sağlamak için bir veya birkaç noktaya tesis edilen ve alternatif akımı doğru akıma çeviren ve koruma için gerekli çıkış potansiyeline ayar edilebilen ünitedir. (İlgi: Katodik Koruma)
KATODİK KORUMA: Gömülü çelik yapıların korozyona karşı korunması amacıyla metal potansiyelini yeteri kadar negatif yaparak katot haline getirilmesi işlemidir. Bu işlem ya metale bir dış akım uygulayarak ya da bir galvanik anot (kurban anot) bağlanarak yapılır.
Katodik Koruma: Elektrik voltajı uygulayarak, metalik malzemenin korozyona uğramasını önlemek veya çok azaltmak için kullanılan bir metottur. Doğal gaz boru hatları boyunca olduğu gibi, bazı köprülere ve uzun süre korozyon yapıcı ortamlarda bulunan büyük metalik yapılara da uygulanabilir.
KATRAN [ Tar ] Kömür ve odunun damitilmasinda sonra geriye kelen siyah yapiskan madde; petrol aritimi sonucunda olusan kalintiyi da ifade eder.
Kauçuk, Doğal (NR): Kauçuk ağaçları (Hevea Brasiliensis) ve benzeri bitkilerin özsularından elde edilen bir polimerdir; doğal bir üründür, bir lateks şeklindedir, toplanır ve kurutulur. Doğal kauçuk poliizoprendir; doğal haldeyken çapraz bağlı değildir. Çapraz bağlı hale getirildiğinde (örneğin, vulkanizasyonla) sağlam ve kararlı bir yapıya dönüşür; vulkanizasyon derecesine göre sert ve yumuşak olabilir.
Kauçuk: Fiziksek özellikleri doğal kauçuğa benzeyen doğal veya sentetik elastomerik maddelerdir.
KAUÇUK: Kalıptan alınan boyayı kağıda aktarmakta kullanılan lastik kaplamalı tabaka
KAVERNA (CAVERN): Sıvı veya gaz ürünlerin depolanması amacıyla çözeltme madenciliği ile elde edilen yer altı boşluklarıdır. (İlgi: Tuz Gölü Doğal Gaz Yeraltı Depolama Projesi)
KAVİTASYON: Pompa içindeki petrolün bulunduğu şartlardaki mutlak basıncının, aynı koşullardaki buharlaşma basıncı altına düşmesi durumudur. Bu şartlarda petrolün içerisinde küçük gaz kabarcıkları oluşur. İçinde petrol buharı ve erimiş hava bulunan kabarcıklar basıncın buharlaşma basıncından daha yüksek bölgeye gelince şiddetle patlayarak metalin yüzeyini delik deşik eder. Bu duruma kavitasyon denir.
Kavitasyon: Bir sıvıda, basıncın düşmesiyle hava veya gaz kabarcıkları meydana gelir; bu kabarcıklar sönerken bıraktıkları boşluk etraflarını saran sıvı tarafından doldurulur. Kavitasyon erozyonu, metal yüzeyler yakınındaki kabarcıkların sönmesiyle oluşan boşluklara giren ince sıvı jetlerinin metali aşındırarak neden olduğu malzeme kaybıdır.
KAVRAYICI (COUPLING): Yükleme kolu manifoldu ucunda bulunan, gemi yükleme manifoldunu kavrayarak kitlenen elemanlardır.
Kayaç Çevrimi: Yeryüzünü malzemeleri çeşitli ve değişkendir; değişiklik en fazla litosferde en dıştaki 200 km’de meydana gelir. Volkanik (igneous), çökel (sedimenter) ve başkalaşım (metamorfik) kayaçların oluşumları ve değişimleri aşağıdaki çevrimle açıklanabilir.
Kayaçlar, Geçirimsiz: Shale, tuz ve çimentolu kum taşları gibi kayaçlar geçirimsiz tabakalardır; bunlar aynı zamanda stratigrafik kapan türleridir.
Kaydırıcı: Tekstil ipliklerinin işleme ve kalıplama özelliklerinin arttırılabilmesi için, bağlayıcıların çoğuna eklenen kimyasal bir malzemedir.
Kayma Gerilimi (Shear Stress): Bir akışkan tabakasının diğer tabaka üzerinde kayması için yenmesi gereken sürtünme kuvvetidir; Belirli bir sıcaklıktaki bir petrol yağının veya başka bir Newtonian akışkanın kayma gerilimi, kayma hızıyla (shear rate) doğru orantılı olarak değişir. Kayma gerilimi ve kayma hızı arasındaki oran sabittir ve viskoziteye eşittir.
Kayma Hızı: Akışkanın birbirini takip eden tabakalarının hareket hızıdır; genellikle saniye-1 birimiyle verilir.
KAYNAK AĞZI: Çelik boruların ve bağlantı parçalarının veya levha halindeki malzemelerin kaynak edilecek ağız kısımlarının eksenleri doğrultusunda kaynak metoduyla birleştirilmesinde, birleşme yerinde karşı karşıya gelen yüzeylerin profilidir. Kaynak ağzı profilleri, kaynak prosedürüne uygun olarak, ya dik kesitli (küt) ya da V - Y - X şeklinde hazırlanabilir.
KAYNAK AKIMI: Kaynak arkını meydana getirmek ve kaynak metalinin ergimesini sağlamak için kaynak elektrotunun tipine, çapına, örtüsüne göre seçilen en uygun elektrik akım cinsi ve kademesidir.
KAYNAK BANYOSU: Kaynak metalinin katılaşmadan önceki sıvı halidir. Diğer deyimle, elektrotla ana metal arasında oluşan ark bölgesindeki sıvı metal havuzcuğuna verilen isimdir.
KAYNAK HATASI: Kaynak dikişinde veya ısıdan etkilenen bölgede meydana gelebilecek; özelliği veya tesiri itibarı ile parça veya mamulün kendi standardına uymasına engel olan, kabul edilemeyecek seviyedeki kusurlardır.
KAYNAK HATLARI : Kalıplanmış parçanın yüzeyinde birleşen iki plastiğin akımıyla oluşan görülebilir çizgi.
KAYNAK İŞLEMİ: Birbirinin aynı veya ergime sıcaklıkları birbirine yakın iki veya daha fazla metalik termoplastik parçayı, ısı ve/veya basınç uygulayarak ayrıca ihtiyaç durumuna göre dolgu malzemesi de kullanarak homojen ve mevzii olarak birbirine birleştirmektir.
Kaynak Kayaç: Bir petrol kaynağı, petrol ve gaz üretebilecek kadar kerojen içeren herhangi bir kayaçtır. Kaynak kayaçların çoğunu, en az %3 organik madde içeren şeyller oluşturur. Bak. Kerojen.
KAYNAK KRATERİ: Ark kaynağında, genellikle kaynak dikişinin sonunda (katılaşma olduktan sonra) veya ark sırasında kaynak banyosunda oluşan çukur kısma verilen isimdir.
KAYNAK METALİ: Kaynak işlemi esnasında ark ısısıyla ergiyen ve daha sonra katılaşan, elektrot malzemesi ve kısmen de ana metalin karışımından oluşan, diğer deyimle kaynak dikişini oluşturan metaldir.
KAYNAK METODU: Standartlarda öngörülen kaliteyi sağlayacak kaynaklı bağlantının yapılabilmesi için takip edilen ve deneylerle de ispatlanmış kaynak usul veya yöntemidir.
KAYNAK POZİSYONLARI: İş parçasına bağlı olarak kaynak işleminin gerçekleştirildiği yatay, düşey, yan, tavan gibi konumlardır.
KAYNAK TOZU: Tozaltı-ark kaynağı, Elektro-cüruf kaynağı gibi metotlarda, arkı kolay başlatmak, kaynak metalini alaşımlandırmak ve yüzeyinde cüruf oluşturarak korumak amacıyla kullanılan kum görünümünde kimyasal bir terkiptir.
KAYNAKÇI SERTİFİKASI: Bir kaynakçının ilgili standartlarda belirtilen şartlara uygun kaynak yapabildiğini gösteren yazılı ve tescilli belgedir. Bu belge, İlgili standartların öngördüğü şartlarda sınava girip başarılı olan kaynakçılara verilir.
KAYNAKLI ÇELİK BORU: Şerit halindeki alaşımsız çelik malzemenin düz veya spiral olarak bükülmesi ve ardından elektrik-ark, gazaltı, tozaltı, direnç ve diğer kaynak metotlarıyla kaynak edilerek imal edilen ve gaz / sıvı iletilmesi için kullanılan içi boş silindir biçimli elemandır.
Kaynama Aralığı: Bir hidrokarbon sıvının kaynamasının (veya distillenmesinin) başladığı, ilerlediği ve sonlandığı sıcaklık aralığıdır (genellikle atmosferik basınçta).
Kaynama Noktası: Bir sıvının sıcaklığının, buhar basıncının dış basınca eşit olduğu sıcaklıktır. Hidrokarbonlarda aynı sınıftan bileşikler için kaynama noktaları karbon sayısıyla artar; aynı karbon sayılı bileşikler için kaynama noktalarının artış sırası izoparafin, n-parafin, naften, aromatik bileşiklerdir.
KAYYUM: Belli bir malın yönetilmesi veya belli bir işin yapılması için görevlendirilen kimsedir.
Keçe: Tesadüfi bir dağılımla, bir bant üzerine kırpılan cam liflerinden oluşan ve bir bağlayıcı aracılığı ile bir arada tutularak kumaş haline getirilmiş takviye malzemesidir.
KELAT [ Chelat ] Deniz suyunda organik materyali ayirmaya yarayan kimyasal ayirma aygiti; Kelatlamaya yönelik etki maddeleri, köpük olusumunu önlemek amaciyla deterjanlarda kullanilir.
KELEBEK MENTEŞE : Kapakla ana gövdeyi birleştirmeye yarayan,güçlü olması darbe direncini sağlayan esnek menteşe.
KELEBEK VANA: Vana gövdesi içinde bulunan bir klape vasıtası ile gaz akışını kontrol eden, düşük basınçlarda ve çeyrek tur ile tam açık veya tam kapalı pozisyonda kullanılan vanadır.
Kelebek: Sürekli elyaf sarma yönteminde yapılacak üretimde kullanılacak kalıpların makine aynasına bağlandıkları aparatı ifade eder.
KEMIRGEN ÖLDÜRÜCÜ ILAÇLAR [ Rodenticides ] Kemirgenleri öldüren kimyasal maddeler.
KENDI KENDINE TEMIZLENME ( ÖZARITIM ) [ Self- purification ] Bir su olusumunun organik atiklarla kirlendikten sonra yeniden arinma konusundaki dogal yönelimi.
Kendiliğinden Tutuşma Sıcaklığı (Oto-İgnasyon): Bir kıvılcım veya alev teması veya yardımı olmaksızın bir maddenin kendi kendine yanmaya başladığı en düşük sıcaklıktır; maddenin haline (katı, sıvı, gaz) ve çevresini saran atmosfere bağlı olarak değişir.
Kendiliğinden-Kürlenme: Kauçuk karışımlarının oda sıcaklığında veya daha yüksek sıcaklıklarda kendiliğinden kürlenmesi veya bünyesinde çapraz bağlar oluşmasıdır.
KENT MERKEZI [ City core ] Kentin en yogun ve genellikle merkezi is alaninin bulundugu bölgesi.
KENT PLANLAMASI [ Urban planning ] Kentsel bir alanin fiziksel altyapi, konut ve ulasim, toprak kullanimi, kentsel büyüme de dahil, çesitli ögelerinin planlanmasi süreci.
KENTSEL YÜZEYSEL AKIS [ Urban runoff ] Yogun imar görmüs alanlarda olusan ve özellikle asili katilar, zehirli maddeler, bakteriler, besin maddeleri, asbest, yag, gres yagi ve tuz gibi kaynagi kent sokaklari, insaat malzemeleri ve çöpler olan çesitli kirleticilerin bulastigi yüzeysel su akisi.
Kerojen: Zamanla ısının da etkisiyle çürüyüp yanarak petrolü oluşturan organizmalara kerojen denilmektedir. Kerojen, kısa zaman ve yüksek ısıda, veya uzun zaman ve düşük ısıda petrole dönüşür. Kimyasal olarak kerojen karbon, hidrojen ve oksijenden oluşur; çok az miktarlarda da nitrojen ve sülfür bulunur. Çeşitli kerojen türleri vardır; farklılıkları, içerdikleri orijinal organik maddeler nedeniyle, kimyasal yapılarından kaynaklanır. Bak. Kaynak Kayaç
KEROSEN: Su beyazı renginde yağımsı, kuvvetli kokulu olan petrol hidrokarbonları karışımı. Roketlerde ve jet motorlarında yakıt, insektisit ve temizleyici olarak da kullanılır. Benzinden daha zor alev alır ama benzinden daha fazla da ısı verir. Benzine göre donma derecesi daha düşüktür.
Kerosen: Gazyağı
Kesik (Cut): Sondaj matkabının parçaladığı ve sondaj çamuruyla beraber taşınan kayaç parçalarıdır; bunlar, yıkanır, kurutulur ve analiz edilerek sondaj yapılan oluşumlarla ilgili çeşitli bilgiler elde edilir.
KESİM EBADI: Kağıdın baskıya alınacak ebadıdır.
Kesme Dayanımı: Bir malzemenin taşıyabileceği maksimum kesme gerilimidir.
Kesme Kenarı: Kalıplanan ürünün sertleşmesinden sonra, kalıptan taşan kısımların kesilmesi için kalıp kenarında bırakılan flanşı tarif eder.
Kesme Kuvveti: Birbiriyle temas halinde olan iki parçayı, aynı düzlemde birbirine paralel olarak kaydırmak üzere uygulanan kuvvet tarafından, uygulanan gerilimdir.
KESON: Doğal gaz hatlarının fiziksel korunumu veya olası gaz sızıntısının tahliyesi için borunun dışına geçirilen koruyucu kılıf borudur. Kesonların çoğunlukla çelik boru olmasının yanı sıra plastik boru veya beton gömlek uygulamaları da vardır.
Keşfedilmemiş Kaynaklar (Undiscovered Reso-urces): Bilinen gaz ve petrol sahalarının dışında, jeolojik bilgiler ve teorilere dayanılarak bulunduğu varsayılan kaynaklardır.
Keşfedilmemiş Üretilemeyen Kaynaklar (Undis-covered Unrecoverable Resources): Teknik olarak da ekonomik olarak da üretim yapılamayan kaynaklardır.
Keşfedilmiş Kaynaklar (Discovered Resour-ces): Bir birikintiden o güne kadar üretilmiş gaz ve petrol ile kalan gaz ve petrol miktarının toplamıdır.
Keşif (Discovery) Kuyusu: (a) Önceden verimsiz olduğu düşünülen bir alanda yağ veya gaz bulmak ve üretmek, (b) bilinen bir alanda yeni bir rezervuar bulmak, (c) bilinen bir yağ ve gaz rezervuarının sınırlarını genişletmek amacıyla yapılan sondajdır.
Key seat: Kama yatağı
Key: Kama
Keyway: Kama yuvası, kama oluğu
Kılavuz (Yolluk): Elyafın sehpadan kalıba giderken içerisinden geçtiği yolluklara verilen ismi ifade eder.
KIMYASAL ISLEM [ Chemical Treatment ] Zehirli, kokulu, yada asindirici nitelikteki gazlarin ve emisyonlarin aritilmasinda kullanilan kimyasal yöntem.
KIMYASAL KIRLILIK [ Chemical pollution ] Gaz, kati yada sivi haldeki kimyasal maddelerin etkisiyle havada, suda ve toprakta olusan kirlilik.
KIMYASAL MUTAGENLER [ Chemical mutagens ] Daha sonraki kusaklarda dogustan gelen kusurlarin artisina yol açabilen, kimyasal kökenli potansiyel mutasyon nadenleri.
KIMYASAL OKSIJEN IHTIYACI [ COD= Chemical oxygen demand ] Bir su örnegindeki organik ve oksitlenebilir inorganik bilesikleri yükseltgemek için gerekli oksijen miktarini ölçen, suyun kalitesi ile ilgili bir gösterge.
Kırık (Fracture) Asitlendirme: Bir oluşumu parçalayabilecek kadar yüksek basınç altında oluşuma asit basma işlemidir: Asit, özellikle karbonatlar içeren oluşumlara etki ederek oluşumun geçirgenliğini artırır.
Kırık (Fractured) Rezervuarlar: Kırık taban kayaçları, üstünü kaplayan shale tabakasını iterek yukarı doğru çıkıntı yaparlar ve bir kapan meydana getirirler. Diğer iyi bir kapan türü de, faylar boyunca uzanan betonla kaplanmış kırıkların (kireç taşları ve çakmak taşları) yanal uzanımla boyunca oluşturduğu kapanlardır.
Kırılganlık: Çekme grafiğinde, sert çıkışlı, düşük uzama değerli ve yield değeri çok düşük yada hiç olmayan malzemeler kırılgan olanlardır.
Kırılma Gerilimi: Kırılmanın başlangıç anında minimum kesit alanı üzerine, dik olarak uygulanan yüktür.
Kırılma indeksi: Malzemeden ışık geçmesi sırasında göstermiş olduğu sapmadır
Kırılma: Bir gövdenin ayrılmasıdır. Tamamen ayrılma kavramı yanı sıra, tam ayrılma olmadan, yalnız yüzeyde görülen bir kırığı da ifade etmektedir.
Kırılmaya Dayanıklılık: Başlangıç durumundaki bozukluklar veya çatlaklar görülen bir malzemenin, kırılmadan ne kadar kullanılabileceğinin ölçümüdür. Özellikle, uçak üretiminde, yapısal tasarımların ve analizlerin yapılması sırasında kullanılır.
KIRIM: Tabaka halindeki basılı materyalin elle ya da makine ile katlanarak forma haline getirilmesi işlemidir.Dört temel kırım tekniğinden söz edilebilir. Yatay, dikey, akardeon ve Z kırım.
KIRLETEN ÖDER ILKESI [ PPP= Polluter pays principle ] Kirliligin üstesinden gelmenin bedelini kirleticinin karsilamasi gerektigini savunan ilke.
KIRLETICI [ Contaminant ] Havayi, suyu, topragi yada çevreni herhangi bir ögesini kirleten madde.
KIRLETICI [ Pollutant ] Arzu edilmeyen etkilere yol açan kati, sivi yada gaz halindeki madde. Birincil kirleticiler gürültü ve lagim suyu gibi dogrudan olusmus kirleticileri içerir; ikincil kirleticiler ise kirlenmis ortamla tepkimeye giren birincil kirleticiler tarafindan üretilir, ör. Ozon.
KIRLETICI SIZINTI [ Leachate ] Suyun topraga gömülü kati atiklarin arasindan sizarken mevcut asili ve çözünmüs kati maddeyi ve bakterileri emerek olusturdugu, bazen yer alti sularina da karisabilen kirletici.
KIRLI SIS [ Skog ] Önceleri duman (Smoke ] ile sisin ( fog ] birlikle tanimlanmasi için kullanilmistir. Daha sonra ise özellikle atmosferde fotokimyasal tepkimeye ugrayan otomobil egzoslarinin ve diger emisyonlarin yol açtigi kentsel alanlardaki fotokimyasal bpupu anlatmak için kullanilmistir.
KIRLILIGIN DÖNÜSTÜRÜLMESI [ Rendering pollition ] Sabunun ham maddesi olan donyagini ve hayvan yeminde kullanilan, protein orani yüksek, yagsiz bir ürünü elde etmek için hayvan atiklarinin pisirilmesi islemi.
KIRLILIGIN KAYDIRILMASI [ Translocation ] Kati atik toplanmasinda oldugu gibi, kirliligin bir alandan yada yöreden bir digerine kaydirilmasi.
KIRLILIK ( KIRLENME ) [ Pollution ] Çevrenin insan, bitki ve hayvan yasami açisindan tehlikeli yada potansiyel olarak tehlikeli olacak sekilde kirlenmesi; bozulmayan yada dagilmayan atik materyalin çevreye birakilmasi.
Kırma (Fracturing): Bir kuyudan daha fazla yağ veya gaz almak amacıyla kaya oluşumlarını açmak için hidrolik veya patlatma gücünün kullanıldığı bir yöntemdir. Geliştirilmiş kırma teknikleri üreticilerin yağ ve gaz yataklarını daha kolay bulabilmesini ve eski kuyuların ömrünün uzamasını sağlamıştır. Rezervuar oluşumlarına basınç uygulandığında meydana gelen kırıklardan yağ veya gaz kuyuya akar.
KIRMIZI GELGITLER [ Red tides ] Kirlilik ve ötrofikasyon sonucunda, deniz planktonu tiplerinin zehirli olabilecek düzeyde yogunlasmasiyla kiyi sularinin renginin bozulmasi sekliyle olusan dogal olay.
KIRMIZI KIL [ Laterite ] Nemli tropikal ve subtropikal bölgelere özgü, demir ve alüminyum oksitleri bakimindan zengin, oldukça ince kirmizi renkli toprak.
KIRMIZI VERI KITABI [ Red data book ] Nadir ve tehlike altinda bulunan türlerle ilgili olarak IUCN' nin tuttugu bilgi dosyasi.
Kırpılmış Demetler: Cam elyafı demetlerinin 3-12 mm uzunluğunda kırpılmış şeklidir.
Kırpma: Sürekli elyafın dönen lastik tambur ve boyuna yerleştirilmiş bir bıçak tamburu arasından geçirilerek bıçak tamburunun lastik tambur üzerine uyguşladığı baskı suretiyle kesilmesini ifade eder.
KISA SÜRELİ MUKAVEMET: Polietilen boruların ilgili standartlarda belirtilen süreler içinde bozulmadan işletme hizmeti verebileceği mukavemet değeridir.
KISMA VANASI: Boru hattından geçen gazın tamamen kesilmesini önlemek ve gaz akışını azaltıp çoğaltmak için kullanılan vanadır.
Kısmi Basınç: Bir karışımdaki gazlardan herbirinin basıncıdır; pVA = nART; pA = A gazının kısmi basıncı, V = toplam hacim, nA = A gazının mol sayısı T = sıcaklık, R = üniversal gaz sabiti = 0.08206 L-atm/mol-K
KISMİ KOROZYON: Çelik hat borusunun cidarında belirli bir derinliğe kadar meydana gelen paslanma veya aşınma nedeniyle zayıflamasıdır.(İlgi: Korozyon)
Kısmi Oksidasyon (Partial oxidation): Tam oksidasyon (örneğin, yanma) sonunda organik bileşikler karbon dioksit (CO2) ve suya (H2O) dönüşür. Kısmi oksidasyonda ise ortamdaki oksijen miktarı az olduğundan yanma ürünleri karbon monoksit (CO) ve hidrojen (H2) karışımı, yani sentez gazıdır.
KISTELYEVM: Görev başına gelinmediği günlerde kesilen paradır. Muhasebe uygulamalarında kıstelyevm bir işlem olarak kabul edilmekte ve işyerinde çalışan bir ücretlinin işyerine işveren veya vekilinin bilgisi olmaksızın gelmediği günler için ücretinden kesinti yapılması işlemidir.
KIŞ DÖNEMİ:1 Kasım günü saat 08:00’de başlayıp 1 Nisan günü saat 08:00’de sona eren dönemdir.
KIYI BÖLGESI [ Littoral zone ] Köklü bitki örtüsünün ortaya çiktigi, günes isiginin su tabanina nüfuz edebildigi yüksek düzeyde fotosentez olayina olanak veren tatli sulardaki sig kiyi bölgesi.
KIYI BÖLGESI YÖNETIMI [ Coastal zone management ] Kiyi sularinin ve su havzalarinin, kirlilikten korumak ve azami yayari saglamak amaciyla yönetimi.
KIYI SU BENDI [ Coastal watershed ] sel suyunu depolayip sonra kiyi sularina birakarak, su denetim sistemi islevi gören arazi parçasi.
KIYI SÜRÜKLENMESI [ Littoral drift ] Kirilan dalgalarin olusturdugu akintilarla kumlarin denize çekilmesi. Bu durum kiyi koruma planlari açisindan önem tasir.
KIYISAL [ Littoral ] Sahilde yada sahil yakininda bulunan; sahille ilgili.
Kızdırma Kaybı: Yakma işleminden önceki ve sonraki ağırlık farkıdır. Cam elyafında, 1. bağlayıcının (size) ve 2. bağlayıcının (binder) yakılmasıdır.
Kızılötesi: Işık tarafında kırmızı alanın öteki ötesindeki alanda yayılmış ısı ışınlarından oluşan gözle görünmeyen ışınımı ifade eder.
KİK: Kamu İhale Kurumu (Kamu İhale Kanunu)’dur.
Kilitleme Basıncı: Enjeksiyon ve Transfer kalıplamada, reçinenin takviye malzemesi arasından akışı sırasında oluşan basıncı, kalıp kenarlarındaki kilitleme ekipmanı karşılar. Bu basınca, kilitleme basıncı adı verilir.
KİLİTLEME: Bir kontrol sisteminin, elle bir müdahale olmaksızın yeniden devreye alınmadığı emniyet kapatması durumudur.
Killed steel: Söndürülmüş çelik
KİMYASAL ENJEKSİYON: Petrolün içerisine enjekte edilen madde sayesinde, boru hattı içerisindeki akış esnasında oluşabilecek helezonik hareket nedeniyle meydana gelen direnci kırarak akışkanlığın artırılmasıdır.
Kimyasal Yüzdürme: Geliştirilmiş bir hampetrol üretim metodudur. Birincil ve ikincil üretimlerde sonra rezervuarda kalan petrolün üretim kuyusuna akmasını sağlamak için bir injeksiyon kuyusu açılı, içinde bazı kimyasal maddeler çözünmüş olan su rezervuara basılır.
Kireç Taşı: Petrol ve gaz rezervuarların bulunabildiği kalsiyum karbonatça zengin kayaçlardır.
Kişisel Koruyucu Donanım (KKD): Bir veya birden fazla sağlık ve güvenlik tehlikesine karşı korunmak için kişilerce giyinmek veya taşınmak amacıyla tasarlanmış herhangi bir cihaz, alet yada malzemeyi ifade eder.
KLAPE: Hava geçiş miktarını ayarlamak amacıyla sürgü, pancur tipli oynar elemanlarla hava geçiş kesitini değiştiren elemandır.
Klay (Kil) Treating: Bir ürünün (genellikle baz yağlar) kalitesini yükseltmek amacıyla aktiflendirilmiş kilden geçirilmesi prosesidir; eser miktardaki kirlilikler kil tarafından tutulur.
Klinker: Toz haline getirilmiş çimentodur; ince taneli hammaddelerin (kalsiyum karbonat, silika, alumina ve demir oksit) belirli oranlarda karıştırılarak bir fırında 2700 0F dolayında ısıtılmasıyla elde edilir.
KLİŞE: Matbaada harflerin ve resimlerin basılması için hazırlanan metal kalıplardır.Yada tipo baskı kalıbıda denir.Genellikle Gofre,Varak,Soğuk Baskı gibi işlemlerde kullanılır.
KLOR [ Chlorine ] Agartici, oksitleyici etki maddesi olarak suaritma yada mikrop giderme amaciyla kullanilan halojen eleman; zehirli bir gaz.
KLOR IHTIYACI [ Chlorine demand ] Belirli bir hacim pis suda bulunan bütün patojenik bakterileri öldürmek için gerekli klor miktari.
KLORDAN [ Chlordane ] Etkin maddesi klor olan uçucu nitelikteki böcek öldürücü.
KLORLAMA [ Chlorination ] Mikroplari giderme amaciyla içme suyu yada atik suya klor eklenmesi.
KLORLANMIS HIDROKARBONLAR [ Chlorinated hydrocarbons ] Organa klorlar diye de adlandirilirlar. Bu maddeler endrin heptaklor, aldrin, toksafen, dieldrin, DDT, klordan ve metoksiklor gibi sentetik zehirler içerir. Bu sentetik zehirler toprakta, akarsu ve deniz dibinde degismeden kalirlar.
KLOROFIL [ Chorophyll ] Oksiyen üretmek içim isigi ve karbon dioksiti kullanan, bitkilerde bulunan renk maddesi.
KLOROFLUOROKARBON ' lar [ CFCs= Chlrofluorocarbons ] Aerosol püskürtücülerde, sogutmada, plastik köpükte ve endüstriyel çözücülerde kullanilan, ozon tabakasinin tükenmesine yol açan ana faktör oldugu ve sera etkisine katkida bulundugu düsünülen son derece kararli ( kalici ) bilesikler.
Knob: Topuz, tokmak, düğme
Knock: Vuruntu.
Knuckle joint: Press mafsallı pres
Knurled nut: Tırtıllı somun, tırtıllı el ayar somunu
Knurling too: L tırtıl çekme aleti
Knurling: Tırtıl çekme
Koagülasyon: Atık sulardaki sudaki süspansiyon ve kolloidal haldeki maddelerin uzaklaştırılması için uygulanan bir işlemdir. Kolloidler hareket halindedirler, graviteyle çökelmezler. Alum veya demir(3) klorür gibi bileşikler, tanecikleri birbirlerinden uzakta tutan elektrik yüklerinin etkisini düşürerek ’floklar (yığın)’ halinde çökelmelerini sağlarlar. Floklar, ya yüzeye çıkarlar, veya dibe çökelirler.
KOBALT 60 [ Cobalt 60 ] Hem insanlara hem de hayvanlara zararli nitelik tasimakla birlikte tipta kullanilan radyoaktif kobalt.
Kohezyon: Tek bir maddenin birbirine yapışma eğilimidir. Moleküler partiküllerinin karşılıklı çekim kuvvetidir. Ayırmaya karşı bir direnç olup, maddeleri bir arada tutan güçtür.
Kok, Petrol Koku: Siyah ve katı kalıntıdır, koklaştırma gibi ünitelerde kalıtı akımlar, katran ve ziftin krakingi ve karbonlaştırılmasıyla elde edilir; %90-95 karbondur ve kül miktarı çok düşüktür.
Ko-katalizör: Katalizörün aktive edilmesi için kullanılan genellikle bir organometalik bileşiktir.
Koklaştırma: Ağır koşullarda ısıl olarak, ağır kalıntıları daha hafif ürünlere ve yan-ürün petrol kokuna dönüştürme prosesidir. Aynı zamanda, ünitelerin dibindeki karbon kalıntısından tüm distillenebilen hafif hidrokarbonların ayrılması, katalizör veya ekipman üzerindeki birikintilerin (depozitler) uzaklaştırılması da koklaştırmadır.
KOKU GIDERME [ Deodorization ] Uygun olmayan kokularin ve gazlarin giderilmesi yada önlenmesi.
KOKU İKAZ BASAMAĞI: Ortalama koku alma hissine sahip ve normal psikolojik yapıdaki bir kişinin rahatça hissedebileceği koku şiddetidir. (İlgi: Kokulandırma)
KOKU MADDESI [ Odorant ] Gazlara koku eklemekle kullanilan ve böylece sizintilar konusunda uyarici olan madde.
KOKU ŞİDDETİ: Kokulandırma işlemi yapılmış bir gazdaki kokunun hissedilme miktarıdır. Koku şiddeti 6 gruba ayrılarak derecelendirilmiştir. Bunlar; 0 Koku hissi yok, 0,5 Koku hissetme alt sınırı, 1 zayıf koku, 2 koku ikaz basamağı, 3 Kuvvetli koku, 4 Çok kuvvetli koku ve 5 Koku şiddetinin üst sınırı derecelerdir. (İlgi: Kokulandırma)
KOKU VERİCİ MADDE KONSATRASYONU: Kokulandırma işlemi yapılmış normal şartlar altında 1 m3 gazın içerisindeki koku veren madde miktarının mg biriminden ifadesidir. (İlgi: Kokulandırma)
KOKULANDIRICI: Doğal gaza veya doğal gaz gibi kokusuz maddelere katılarak onların varlığı hususunda uyarıcı vazife gören ve aynı zamanda parfüm, kozmetik, makyaj malzemesi gibi tüketim malzemelerinde katkı malzemesi olarak kullanılan koku verici sıvılardır.
KOKULANDIRMA: Sızıntı halinde kolayca tespit edilmesi için doğal gaza Gaz İşletmesi tarafından karakteristik kokusu olan özel koku maddesi katılma işlemidir. (İlgi: K Değeri, Koku İkaz Basamağı, Koku Şiddeti, Koku Verici Madde Konsantrasyonu, Merkaptan, Sülfit)
KOLIFORM BAKTERILER [ Coliform bacteria ] Insanlarin ve sicak anli hayvanlarin kalin bagirsaklarinda yasayan ve sudaki konsantrasyonu patojenlerin de bulunabilecegini gösteren indikatör bakteriler.
KOLLEKTÖR [ Collectors ] Gaz, sivi yada katilardan kirleticileri ayirip toplayan kirlilik denetleme aygiti.
KOLLEKTÖR TİP BORU: Tüketim noktasına yakın bir yerde boru hattının bir bölümünün çapı büyültülerek ani debi artışlarında kompenzasyon sağlanması veya birden çok ayrım hattı bağlantısı için imal edilen elemandır.
KOLLOIDLER [ Colloids ] Büyüklügü 10-1000 angstrom arasinda degisen, bir baska madde de asili, çok küçük parçaciklar.
KOLON HATTI: Doğal gaz kullanan binaların girişinde bulunan servis regülatöründen, servis hattı sonundan veya ana kapama vanasından, gaz sayacının giriş bağlantılarına kadar düşey veya yatay olarak çekilen boru hatlarıdır, diğer bir deyimle bina iç tesisat borulamasında daire içi gaz tesisat borularının kendisinden ayrıldığı ana gaz borusudur. Kolon hattı çelik boru olup, 2 inche kadar olan çaplarda dişli bağlantı ile daha büyük çaplarda ise kaynakla birleştirilir.
KOLTUK: Şişenin taban kısmındaki kabartmalı(girintili) yazılardır,şişelerin doldurulmasında ve hizalanmasında kolaylık sağlar
Ko-Monomer: Polimer üretiminde polimerin bazı özelliklerini (örneğin yoğunluğunu düşürmek) değiştirmek için kullanılan bir monomerdir. Polietilen üretiminde kullanılan ko-monomerler yüksek molekül ağırlıklı a-olefinler (büten, heksen veya okten gibi), polipropilen üretiminde ise genellikle etilen ve bazı bütenlerdir.
KOMPAKT: Sıkı, katı, yoğun anlamındadır.
KOMPANSATÖR: Boru bağlantılarında kullanılan esnek bağlantı parçasıdır. Bknz… Esnek Bağlantı Parçası
Kompaund Yağ: Petrol bazlı bir yağ ile aynı bazlı başka bir yağın veya bir hayvansal (veya bitkisel) yağın karışımıdır.
Kompaundlama: Bir ürünü, (örneğin bir polimeri) kullanıcıya verilecek (veya işleyiciye) özellikler kazanacak şekilde gerekli maddeler veya katkı maddeleriyle karıştırarak satılabilir son şekline getirme prosesidir.
KOMPOSTLAMA [ Composting ] Kati atik ve çamur gibi organik maddeleri, anaerobik çürütme yoluyla bir tür gübreye dönüstürmekten ibaret biyolojik bir süreç.
Kompound: Uygu katkıların polimer içerisine katılma prosesidir. Uygulamaya yönelik, beklenen kritik özelliklerin elde edilmesi için yapılır.
Kompozit Malzeme: Takviye malzemeleri, dolgular ve reçineler gibi, iki veya daha fazla malzemenin birleştirilmiş şekli, makro düzeyde, bireysel özelliklerinden farklı özellikler göstermektedir. Bileşenlerin daha farklı özellikler sağladığı bileşkelere, kompozit malzeme adı verilmektedir.
Kompozit: İki yada ikiden fazla farklı malzemenin bir bağlayıcı ile bir arada bulunduğu katı ürünlerdir.
Kompozit: Bileşimleri farklı en az iki maddenin birbirleriyle homojen karışımıdır; özellikleri, kendilerini oluşturan herbir maddenin özelliklerinden farklıdır.
KOMPRESÖR İSTASYONU: Doğal gazın boru hatlarıyla taşınması sürecinde basınçlandırıldığı istasyondur. Doğal gazın, hat boyunca taşınması esnasında boru iç yüzeyi ile gaz arasındaki lineer sürtünme ve lokal sürtünme kayıplarından dolayı mevcut basınçta düşme meydana gelir, Gaz akışının düzenli olmasından emin olmak amacıyla, ilk basıncın % 75 seviyesine düştüğü bölgede (yaklaşık her 60-80 km’de bir) gazın yeniden basınçlandırılması işlemi için kompresör istasyonu tesis edilmelidir. Kompresör İstasyonu; kompresör, tahrik üniteleri, soğutma sistemleri, enstrüman ve kontrol ünitelerinden oluşur.
KOMPRESÖR: Gaz fazında olan akışkanların basınçlandırılması amacıyla kullanılan ekipmanlardır. Pistonlu ve kanatçıklı şekilde imal edilirler. Kanatçıklı kompresörler akış şekline göre radyal, aksiyal, koaksiyal tipte tasarımları vardır. (İlgi: Kompresör İstasyonu)
Kondensasyon Polimerizasyonu: İki veya daha fazla molekülün birleştiği kimyasal bir reaksiyon sırasında, ürün ile birlikte su moleküllerinin açığa çıktığı bir kimyasal reaksiyondur.
Kondensat: Buharların soğutulmasıyla oluşan sıvıdır; örneğin, buhardan elde edilen distile su.
Kondenser: Buhar veya gaz halindeki bir maddeyi sıvı hale dönüştüren ekipmandır.
Kondüksiyon: Bak. Isı İletimi.
KONİK DİŞ: Boru bağlantılarında sızdırmazlığın temini için 1/16 oranında konik olarak açılan boru dişidir. Diş profilinde tepe açısı 55°’dir (Withwoth).
KONSOL: 1-Bir nesneyi alttan ve duvardan destekleyen eğik parça 2- Yalnız bir ucu yapı elemanına gömülü, diğer ucu boşta olan yapı öğesi
Kontak (Contact) Kalıplama: Malzemelerin bir kalıba konulup sertleştirici, katalizör, ve/veya ısıyla kürlenmesidir; ilave basınç uygulanmaz.
KONTROL BENDI [ Check dam ] Özellikle toprak erozyonunu denetlemek amaciyla kullanilan, suyun ve molozun kanaldaki akisini geciktirmeye yönelik küçük bent.
KONTROL BİNASI: Yükleme ve tahliye operasyon işlemlerini gerçekleştiren elektrik ve elektronik sistem ve ekipmanların bulunduğu ve yaşam alanı bulunan mekanlardır.
KONTROL ODASI: Yükleme ve tahliye operasyonlarının yönetildiği sistemlerin bulunduğu kullanıcı odalarıdır.
KONTROL PANELİ: Operatörden aldığı emirleri otomasyon sistemine ileten, otomasyon sisteminden aldığı proses verilerini de ekranında görüntüleyen panedir.
KONTROL PANOSU: Bir cihaza ait bir veya daha fazla elektrik kontrol aparatını muhafaza eden kutu veya dolaptır. (İlgi: Bağlantı Panosu)
KONTROL TERTİBATI: Regülatör çıkışında müsaade edilen en fazla basınca (emniyet basıncı) göre ayarlanabilen ve çıkış basıncının emniyet basıncını geçmesi durumunda kapama tertibatını harekete geçirerek gaz akışını durduran tertibattır. Kumanda mandalı, membran, ayar yayı ve yay tablası gibi parçalardan meydana gelir. (İlgi: Regülatör)
Kontrplak: Lif yönüne göre tabakaların birbirine dik yönde yerleştirilerek birleştirildiği tabakalardır.
KONTUR SERIDI MADENCILIGI [ Contour strip mining ] Kontur hatlari boyunca yapilan yüzey madenciligi.
Konveksiyon: Bak. Isı İletimi.
KONVEKTÖR: Isıtmış olduğu havayı sadece kurulu bulunduğu mekân içine veren bir hava ısıtma cihazıdır.
Konvensiyonal Depozit: Jeolojik yapısı ve/veya stratigrafik özellikleri saptanmış birikintilerdir (akümülasyonlar).
Konvensiyonal Gaz: Normal poröz ve geçirgen kayaçlarda oluşmuş ve normal üretim teknikleriyle üretilebilen doğal gazdır; sadece gaz halinde veya petrolde çözünmüş halde bulunabilir.
Konvensiyonal Hampetrol: Sıvı halde bulunan ve pompalanabilen, özel üretim metotlarına gereksinim olmadan üretilebilen petroldür. Yeraltı rezervuarlardan geleneksel kuyular vasıtasıyla çıkarılan petrol ve doğal gaz sıvıları ile doğal bitümlerin bulunduğu derin su-kum yataklarından yapılan üretimler bu gruptadır.
Konversiyon (Dönüşüm): Orta distilat, gaz oil ve kalıntının (residu; ağır, asfalta-benzer), bir dizi prosesten geçirerek benzin, jet yakıtı, dizel yakıtları ve fuel oillere dönüştürülmesidir. Konversiyon prosesinden önce girdiler hidrojenle işlemlenerek içerdikleri kirliliklerden kurtarılmalıdır. Sonra, ısı ve katalizörlerle ağırlar hafif ürünlere dönüştürülür. Dönüştürme prosesleri; daha fazla ve daha iyi kalitede benzin elde etmek için uygulanan proseslerdir.
Konversiyon: Dönüşüm, Dönüştürme:
Konveyör: Bantlı veya rulolu taşıma sistemini ifade eder.
KOPMA MUKAVEMETİ: Bknz… Çekme Mukavemeti
Kopolimer: İki veya daha fazla birbirine benzemeyen monomerin, bir arada reaksiyona sokularak polimerize edilmesi ile elde edilen üründür.
Kopolimer: İki farklı monomerin birarada polimerizasyonuyla elde edilen polimerdir; monomerlerin zincirde dağılımlarına göre ardarda, blok, rastgele ve graft kopolimerler olarak adlandırılırlar.
Kordon: Liflerin düz kumaş yerine, boru şeklinde dokunmasıdır. Grafit elyafı takviyeli golf sopalarında bu tür takviye malzemeleri kullanılmaktadır.
KORIDOR GELISIMI [ Corridor development ] Serit biçimindeki gelisim.
Korozyon Aşınması: Kimyasal ve mekanik etkilerle bir malzeme yüzeyinin kayıp vermesidir.
Korozyon Dayanımı: Bir malzemenin özelliklerinde herhangi bir değişim veya azalma olmaksızın, etrafını çevreleyen ortamdaki kimyasal etkilere karşı gösterdiği dayanımdır. Korozyon olayı, metaller için karıncalanma veya paslanma, organik malzemeler için çatlak oluşumu şeklinde olabilir.
KOROZYON KUPONU: Gaz ve petrol taşıyan borularda, boru iç yüzeyinin korozyon kontrolü yapmak maksadıyla boru malzemesinden imal edilmiş ve akışkanla sürekli temasta bulunan dikdörtgen biçimli parçadır.(İlgi: Katodik Koruma)
KOROZYON ÖNLEYİCİ: Merkezi ısıtma sisteminde dolaşan suya ilave edilerek boru radyatör ve benzeri kısımlardaki dâhili korozyonu en aza indirmekte kullanılan katkı maddesidir.
KOROZYON: Metal ve alaşımlarının kimyasal veya elektrokimyasal reaksiyonlar nedeniyle zamanla iyonlaşarak metalik özelliklerini kaybetmesi olayıdır. (İlgi: Katodik Koruma)
Korozyon: Malzemenin, bulunduğu çevre koşulları altında, kompleks kimyasal veya elektrokimyasal reaksiyonlarla (örneğin paslanma gibi) tahrip olmasıdır.
KORUMA [ Conservation ] Dogal ve insanlarin olusturdugu çevre kaynaklarinin ( madenler, su, ormanlar, balik yataklari, vahsi yasam vb. ) tükenme ve israfa karsi ve ayni zamanda güzelliginin bozulmamasi amaciyla korunmasi, yönetimi ve akilci kullanimi.
KORUMA [ Preservation ] Özellikle geçmisten kalma yapilarin yararli durumunun, bakimla mümkün oldugu kadar uzun süre korunmasi süreci.
KORUMA KATMANLARI ANALİZİ (LOPA) : Tesis dizaynında kullanılan bir risk değerlendirmesi yöntemidir. Tehlike senaryolarının riskini hesaplamak ve varolan önlemlerin yeterli olup olmadığına ve ilave önlemlerin alınması gerekip gerekmediğine karar vermek için risk tolerans sistemleri ile karşılaştırmak için yöntem sunar.
KORUMA SERIDI [ Shelter belt ] Topragi rüzgar erozyonundan korumak için dikilen agaçlar ve çalilar.
KORUMA VE GÜVENLİK BÜTÜNLÜK SEVİYESİ (SIL): Emniyet bütünlük derecesi, hidrokarbon işleyen yanıcı ve patlayıcı olarak tehlikeli tesislerde, faaliyetlerin güvenliğini sağlamak için kullanılan emniyet sistemlerinin güvenirliği ve performansına uygulanan hedeflerdir.
KORUYUCU GAZ: Gazaltı ark kaynak metotlarında, kaynak metalini, kaynak banyosunu, elektrotu veya dolgu telini havanın oksitleme tesirinden korumaya yarayan gazdır. Asal veya aktif olmak üzere iki çeşit gaz mevcuttur. Bazı uygulamalarda karışım gaz da yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır.
KORUYUCU YASTIK GAZI / SIVISI (BLANKET): Çözme işlemi süresince kuyuyu stabil tutmak, ana muhafaza borularını korozyona karlı korumak ve kavernanın tavanında kontrollü çözme işlemi gerçekleştirmek için kullaılan gaz veya sıvıdır.
KOVUK : Kalıbın şekil verilen ürünün tam ters görüntüsünü içeren kısmı.
KOZMIK ISINLAR [ Cosmic rays ] Uzaydan gelen alfa, beta ve gamma isinlari. Bu isinlar yeryüzünü etkileyen karmasik bir radyasyon ( isima ) sistemi olusturur.
KÖMÜR KALITESI [ Coal rank ] Bir kömürün digerlerine göre kalite düzeyi.
Kömür Koku: Bitümlü kömürün 2000 0F dolayında sıcaklıkta pişirilmesiyle oluşan sert ve poröz bir üründür; yakıt olarak kullanılır. (Kömür koku ve kok aynı üründür; kömür koku denilmesinin nedeni petrol bazlı koktan ayır edilmesi içindir.)
KÖMÜR-SU KARISIMI [ Coal-water mixture ] Boru hatlarinda, tankerlerde vb. gerçekslesen, kirlilige yol açmadan ayrilmasi zor olan karisim.
Köprülenme: Kalıplama esnasında köşe ve radyuslara yatmayan, bu nedenle boşluk ve boyutsal hatalarla sonuçlanan durumdur.
KÖPÜK GIDERICILER [ Antifoamants, defoamants ] Köpürmeyi azaltmada kullanilan veya köpük olusumunu denetlemek için deterjanlara eklenen kimyasal maddeler.
KÖPÜK HATTI: 8 inch ebatında, kule köpük monitörü, manuel monitörlere bağlı olan ve köpük tankından köpük enjekte edilebilen yangın köpük hattıdır.
KÖPÜK MONİTÖRÜ: Köpük monitörleri köpüklü yangın söndürme sistemlerinde kullanılmaktadır. Petrol tesisleri, petrol tankerleri ve yanıcı kimyasal bulunduran tesislerde olabilecek yangınlar büyük çapta alevlerin olduğu yangınlarda kullanılan 360° müdahale imkânı sağlayan teçhizatdır.
KÖPÜK TANKI: Yangın durumunda kullanılacak olan 18 m³ hacmindeki köpüğü bünyesinde bulunduran tanktır.
Köpük: Bir sıvı içinde kararlı hale dönüşmüş kabarcıklar kütlesidir;
Köpürme/köpük: Malzeme yapısında bulunan katkıların, ısı yada basınç etkisisyle gözenekli yapılar oluşturmasıdır. Ağırlık azaltmak amaçlı kullanılan yöntemlerden biridir.
KÖRÜK: Gaz boru hattı ve tesisatlarında, eksenel, açısal veya yanal sapmaları karşılayabilen, tek veya çok cidarlı ve muhtelif sayıda, halka veya ondüle şeklindeki elemanlardan meydana gelen esnek bağlantı elemanının hareketli parçasıdır.
KÖRÜKLÜ SAYAÇ: Körük şeklinde müstakil dört odacığın ardışık olarak dolup boşalma sayısının numaratör yardımı ile kaydedilmesi prensibine göre çalışan hacimsel gaz ölçme cihazıdır.(İlgi: Sayaç)
KÖŞE VANA: Giriş ve çıkış delik merkezlerinden geçen eksenleri, birbirleri ile 90° açı yapan vanadır.
kPa: Metrik sistemde (SI) bir basınç birimidir.
Kraked Distilatlar: Katalitik veya termal kraking prosesleriyle elde edilen distilat yakıtlardır. Termal krakerden alınan distilatlar gaz oilün özelliklerini gösterir. Katalitik krakingden çıkan kalıntılara ‘saykıl oiller’ denir.
Kraking: Bir dönüşüm prosesidir; ısı ve basınçla (katalizör kullanılır veya kullanılmaz), ağır hidrokarbon moleküllerini parçalayarak daha hafif hidrokarbonların elde edildiği prosesidir.
Krater: Bir plastiğin yüzeyindeki küçük düzenli veya düzensiz, çapı ve derinliği aşağı yukarı eşit boyutta olan kraterlerdir.
KRISTALLESTIRME [ Crystallization ] Sivi atiklarin aritilmasinda atik maddeden suyu ayirmak için kullanilan yöntem.
KRITIK ALANLAR [ Critical areas ] Bataklik ve su taskinlarina açik alanlar gibi siki gelisim kontrolü gerektiren, çevresel yönden hassas yada tehlikeli alanlar. Bazen tarihsel ve arkeolojik yönden özellik tasiyan yöreleri anlatmak için de kullanilir.
KRIYOSFER [ Cryosphere ] Yeryüzündeki kar ve buz çökeltilerinin bütünü.
KRİSTAL: Ultrasonik dalgaların meydana getirilmesi ve/veya tespit edilmesi için kullanılan, piezo elektrik özelliklere sahip, tek veya çoklu kristal plaka parçasıdır. (İlgi: Ultrasonik Muayene)
Kristalizasyon sıcaklığı: Yarı kristal plastiklerde kristallerin oluştuğu sıcaklıktır.
KRİTİK BASINÇ: Bir gazın kendi kritik sıcaklığında sıvılaştırabilmesi için gereken en düşük basınç değeridir.
KRİTİK SICAKLIK: Bir gazın kendi karakteristiğine uygun olarak hiç bir basınç değerinde sıvılaştırılamayacağı sıcaklık değeridir.
Kritik Zone: Bir hampetrol kuyusunda acı (sour) gazla karşılaşılan bölgedir.
KRİYOJENİK: Çok düşük sıcaklıklarda (-46°C /- 50°F derecelerinin altında) yapılan üretim, imalat, araştırma vb. işlemlerdir.
KROMATOGRAFİ:Kromatografi, bir karışımda bulunan maddelerin, biri sabit di ğeri hareketli faz olmak üzere birbirleriyle karışmayan iki fazlı bir sistemde ayrılması ve safla ştırılması yöntemidir. (Kullanılan doğal gazın içerisindeki bileşenlerin miktarlarını ölçen cihazdır.)
Kromolüx,Şeffaf ve Opak çıkartmalar; % 90 serigrafta kullanılan çıkartmalardır. Ebatları 70 x 100 cm. fixtir.
KROS: Baskıda renklerin yerine oturmasını sağlayan kılavuz işaretlerdir. Montajın en az her iki yanına konur. Genellikle kağıt ortası yerleştirilir. Kalıp çekimi, baskı ve kırım bu kroslara göre yapılır.
Kroslink: Polimer zincirleri arasıdanki güçlü kovalent bağlardır. Sadece yüksek sıcaklıklarda kırılabilir.
Kuenç Oil: Bir kraking veya reforming ısıtıcısından çıkan ürün içine, sıcaklığı düşürmek ve kraking prosesini durdurmak için injekte edilen yağdır.
KULE (RİG): Sondaj operasyonlarının (sondaj takımlarının, muhafaza borularının kuyuya indirilip çıkarılmasını vb) yapılabilmesini sağlayan ve üzerinde çeşitli vinç makaraları vb. düzenekler içeren çelik kuledir.
KULE MERDİVENİ: Gemi ile sahil arasındaki bağlantıyı sağlayan, hidrolik sistemle kumanda edilen köprüdür.
KULE TEZGÂH: Kuleden yükleme kollarına hareket verebilmek için kullanılan panodur.
KULE VİNCİ: Kuleler üzerinde bulunan max. 1 ton ağırlık kaldırabilen hidrolik vinçlerdir.
KULLANICI DOSTU [ User friendly ] Nasil kullanilacagi konusunda açiklayici bilgi verilmeden nispeten kolayca kullanilabilen makineler ve bilgisayar yazilimini ifade eden niteleme.
KULLANILABILIR BESIN [ Available nurient ] Büyüme için özümlenebilecek durumdaki besleyici eleman yada bilesik miktari.
Kullanılabilirlik Süresi: Proses sırasında kullanılmak üzere katalize edilmiş reçinenin, jelleşmeye başlamadan, kullanılabilir durumda kalabildiği süreyi ifade eder.
KULLANIM ISIL DEĞERİ: Gazın kullanıldığı veya gaz sayacının bulunduğu yerdeki atmosferik şartlar ile aktif gaz basıncındaki 1 m³ gazın alt ısıl değeridir.
KULLANIM PERİYODU: Tasarımdaki sabit sıcaklıkların istendiği zaman aralığıdır.
KULLANMA SUYU [ Potable water ] Asiri mineral yada tuz yogunlugu tasimayan, insan, hayvan yada bakterilerle ilgili zararli madde birikimi içermeyen, insanlarin tüketmesine elverisli su.
KUM FILITRESI [ Sand filter ] Atik suda askida bulunan maddeyi süzmeye yarayan kum dolu yatak.
Kum Taşı (Sandstone): Bir çökel (sedimenter) kayaçtır; silika, kalsit, demir oksit gibi maddeler birarada sertleşmiştir. Mineral taneciklerin çapları 0.06-2 mm arasındadır, Aşağıda bir örnek olarak kum taşı ve içerdiği yabancı maddeler şematik olarak gösterilmiştir.(Journal of Sedimentary Petrology.)
KUMLAMA: Metalik yüzeylerde oluşmuş kir, pas gibi kalıntıların giderilmesi amacıyla basınçlı hava yardımıyla silisyum esaslı kumun veya küçük çelik bilyelerin malzeme yüzeyine püskürtülerek temizleme işlemidir.
KURAKÇIL BITKI [ Xerophyte ] Kurak kosullarda yasayabilen bitki.
KURBAN ANOT: Bknz… Galvanik Anot
KURSUN [ Lead ] Biriken bir zehir olup küçük bir miktarlari bile ciddi hastaliklara yada ölümlere yol açan, dogal çevrede bulunan inorganik bir eleman.
KURSUN ARSENAT [ Lead arsenate ] Bir böcek zehiri türü.
KURSUNSUZ BENZIN [ Unleaded gasoline ] Organik kursun bilesikleri katilmamis benzin.
KURU GAZ SIZDIRMAZLIK SİSTEMİ (DRY GAS SEAL): Doğal gaz kompresörlerinin sızdırmazlıklarının mekanik elemanlarla sağlandığı sistemdir.
KURU GAZ: Bileşiminin büyük kısmı metan kalanı ise önemsiz oranlarda etan, bütan, propan gibi diğer hidrokarbonlardan meydana gelen ayrıca bünyesinde su buharı ve normal ortam sıcaklığında ve basıncında sıvılaşabilen hidrokarbonları içermeyen doğal gazdır. (İlgi: Doğal gaz)
KURUM [ Soot ] Kismi yanmadan olusan ince karbon parçaciklari yada yüksek karbon içerigine sahip parçaciklar.
KURUTMA YATAGI [ Drying bed ] Birincil islemden sonra, suyun süzülüp buharlastirilmasi için lagim çamurunun yayildigi özel alan.
Kurutucu: Bir ürünün kurutulmasında kullanılan ekipmandır; yığın (batch) ve kontinü çeşitli kurutucu sistemler vardır. Ürünün türüne ve şartname gereklerine bağlı olarak uygun kurutucu seçimi yapılır; sıcak hava kurutma fırını, desikantlı kurutucu, santrifüjlü atomizer kurutucu, sprey kurutucu, v.s. gibi. A. İki atomizasyon nozollu ve hava akımlı; B. Santrifüj atomizasyonlu ve hava akımlı sprey kurutucular.
Kusma: Blooming, kaydırıcı yada plastifiyanların yüzeye toplanmsıdır, plate-out ise, enjeksiyon prosesi süresinde stabilizant yada diğer katkıların ayrışması ve meyal yüzeylere yapışmasıdır.
KUSUR: Boru ve donanımında tespit edilen ve standartlarda belir - tilen toleranslar içinde kalabilen ve uygulamada herhangi bir mahsur arz etmeyen her türlü uygunsuzluk veya düzensizliklerdir.
KUŞE KAĞIT: Yüzeyleri dolgu maddeleri ile kaplanıp perdahlanarak kaliteleri yükseltilen bu kâğıtların her iki yüzü parlak olanlarına kuşe kâğıdı denir. Parlak ve mat kuşe olarak iki çeşidi vardır.
Kuşe ve 1.Hamur stickerlar; Ofsette kullanılan çıkartmalardır. Ebatları 50 x 70 ve 70 x 100 cm.dir.
Kuvvet: Erkek kalıbın boşluk üzerine kapatılmasıyla, reçine üzerine uygulanan basınç reçinenin akmasına neden olur.
Kuvvet: Bir maddeyi durağan halinden hareket haline geçiren veya yeknesak hareketinin yönünü değiştiren etkendir.
KUYU (WELL): Arama, üretim, işletme, araştırma vb amaçlarla sondaj matkapları aracılığla yer altının derinliklerine doğru açılan boşluktur.
Kuyu, Açık Kuyu Boşluğu: 1. Henüz kasalanmamış kuyu boşluğu, 2. sondaj borusu henüz yerleştirilmem,ş açık veya kasalanmış kuyu boşluğu, 3. kuyu boşluğunun henüz kasalanmamış bölümü.
Kuyu: Bir petrol sahasında çeşitli amaçlı kuyular açılır ve bunlara işlevlerine göre değişik adlar verilir; örneğin, Açık Kuyu, Arama Kuyusu, Araştırma (Exploration) Kuyusu, Askıya Alınmış (Suspended) Kuyu, Deviated Kuyu, Gaz İnjeksiyonlu Kuyu, Gaz Kuyusu, İnjeksiyon Kuyusu, Kuru Kuyu, Servis Kuyusu, Stripper Kuyu, Su Kuyusu, Terkedilmiş, Metruk (Abandonment) Kuyu, Genişletme (Extension) Kuyusu, Üretim Kuyusu, Gaz Kuyusu, v.s. gibi.
KUYUBAŞI (WELLHEAD): Bir petrol veya doğal gaz kuyusunun yüzeyinin girişinde, sıvı ya da gaz akışı ve basıncının denetlendiği ek - ipmanların bulunduğu ve kuyunun dış ortamdan yalıtımının sağlandığı bölümdür.
KÜKÜRTÜN GIDERILMESI [ Desulfurization ] Fosil yakitlarin kükürt içeriginin tasfiye edilmesi yada azaltilmasi islemi.
KÜL [ Ash ] Yanan maddelerin biraktigi kalinti.
Kül Oranı: Bir takviye malzemesi yakıldıktan sonra geriye kalan katı artıkların başlangıç ağırlığına oranıdır.
Kül, Sülfatlı: Yakılan bir maddeden geriye kalan kalıntının, konsantre sülfürik asitle karıştırılıp, kuruluğa kadar buharlaştırılması ve bu işlemin kalıntı sabit tartıma gelinceye kadar birkaç kez tekrarlanmasıyla elde edilen kül miktarıdır.
KÜME IMAR [ Cluster development ] Insaat alaninin aza indirmek amaciyla kümeler halinde yapilan binalar.
KÜMEKENT [ Conurbation ] Birlesmis kentsel topluluklar grubu yada agi.
Kür, Kimyasal: Oda sıcaklığında kimyasal maddelerle yapılan vulkanizasyon işlemidir; dışardan ısı verilmez.
Kür: Bir polimerik sistemin özelliklerinin kimyasal reaksiyonlarla değiştirilmesidir. Reaksiyonlar kondensasyon, polimerizasyon, vulkanizasyon veya katılma olabilir; ortamda ısı veya katalizör, veya her ikisi birden olabilir, basınç uygulanır veya uygulanmaz.
Küresel Isınma: İnsan tarafından atmosfere verilen gazların sera etkisi yaratması sonucunda dünya yüzeyinde sıcaklığın artmasıdır. Sera etkisinin artması, atmosferin üst bölümünün yani stratosferin soğumasına, alttaki troposferin ise ısınmasına yol açar.
KÜRESEL VANA: Ortası delik bilye şeklindeki klapenin boru eksenine dik yönde 90° derece (1/4 tur) döndürülmesi ile açma kapama görevi yapan elemandır. “Ball vana” diye de bilinir. Ayar vanası olarak kullanılmaz. Ya tam açık ya da tam kapalı pozisyonda olmalıdır. Bilye ortasındaki delik boru iç çapına eşitse “düz geçişli bilyeli vana”, delik çapında daralma var ise “dar geçişli vana” diye adlandırılır.
Kürleşme: Kimyasal olarak etkilenmeyi, değişime uğramayı, sertlesşmeyi ifade eder.
KÜTLE AKIŞI: Bir kesit alanından (akı) geçen birim zamandaki kütle.
L
Labor (or labor): Labor, labor
LAER [Lowest achievable emission rate] Lowest achievable emission rate.
LAGIM PIT [Cesspool] Sewage storage tank of residences.
LAGÜN [Lagoon] Oxidation pool used in processing Lagim mud.
LAK: Lacquer is a protection and decoration method, which is a solvent-containing lamination process that is applied to the printing surface like ink to protect the printing against external factors and add brightness to the product in works such as brochures, book covers, catalogs, files, invitations. Its raw material is petroleum. Solvent is air-dried, it is a harmful substance containing heavy chemicals. Its use is gradually decreasing in developed countries due to its carcinogenic effect. It is a process that can be done with apparatus attached in addition to offset or TIPO machines. It cannot be done on the bare offset machine only.
LAMINATION: It is the phenomenon of steel material with slag spreading in layers during the rolling-drilling process and rendering the material unusable.
Lamination: The process of combining two or more materials into a single and durable material in general.
Lamination: It refers to the process of combining two or more fibers and reinforcement layers under heat and / or pressure with the help of resin.
LAMINATION: In general, it is the process of combining two or more materials into a single and durable material. It is defined as the coating system applied on the paper in printing. Cellophane, Lacquer applications, etc.
Lamination: Lamination is the process of making two or more materials into one material; In the process, the different plastic sheets are transformed into a sealed sandwich structure by heat and pressure. The materials used in the laminate can be the same or different; For example, laminates with one side of plastic and the other of glass plates, or both sides of plastic material can be produced. If the layers are a grained material such as wood, care is taken to connect the veins at different angles to each other in order to ensure the durability of the material obtained.
Inter-Laminate Shear Stress: It is the shear force that creates a relative displacement in a laminate in the direction of the cross-sectional surface between two layers.
Between Laminate: In composites, it is a general term describing the gap between two laminates. Physical formations such as the gap between two laminates are referred to by this term.
Laminate: Combining layers with a binder material, usually under pressure and heat. It is also the term that describes the concept of a material (for example, a composite) made up of layers that are joined together.
Laminate: A solid piece made from a combination of resin and reinforcement fabric. This term can also be used to describe the process of laying a part: lamination of a part.
Land: Phase
Lap joint: lap joint
Lap welding: Lap welding, welding made by overlapping two parts.
Lapping: Polishing, lapping
Lap-welding: Overlay welding
RUBBER RING: It is a circular cross-section and ring-shaped sealing element made of vulcanized rubber-pit to provide sealing, also called O-ring. (Attention: Gasket)
Lateral: Lateral
Lathe: Turning
LAUNCHER: It is the bucket into which the pig is placed and sent.
LCP: Liquid crystal polymer
LDPE: Low density polyethylene (LDPE)
Lead screw: Screwdriver spindle (in lathe)
Lead: Lead
Lean Oil: It is the absorbent oil fed to the absorption towers (strippers) where the gas is stripped (separated). From gas. After absorbing heavy substances, it is called fat oil. It is then freed from the heavy and turned into lean oil again.
Lean production: Low cost manufacturing
Leather: Leather
LENITIC [Lenitic] Self-cleaning, fast flowing waters.
LENTIC [Lentic] Still waters exposed to pollution such as lakes, pools, swamps.
Lever: Lever, lever, lever, joystick
LH2: Liquefied hydrogen; –253 0C
LHD [Liter / household / day] Liter / digit / Day.
LIDAR (LIGHT DETECTION AND DISTANCE DETERMINATION) [Light detection and ranging] technique for air pollution to find flue particles scattered over a long distance.
LIKEN [Lichen] Combination of waterweed and fungi indicating the presence of pollutants such as sulfur dioxide in rocks and trees.
LIMNOLOJI [Limnology] The discipline that studies the physical, chemical and biological conditions of fresh waters.
LINDAN [Lindane] A durable water-insoluble agricultural medicine from the family of chlorinated hydrocarbons.
LINE - FILL: It contains the total stock amount in the pipe.
LINE - PACK: Contains the instant stock amount in the pipe.
LINE MARKER: These are signs that are placed in the direction of flow at certain distances to the pipeline, which enables the determination of the places where the crude oil pipeline passes through.
LINYIT (BREAD KÖMÜR) [Lignite = brown coal] A low-calorie type of coal.
LITOSFER [Lithosphere] Earth crust layer, usually extending from the surface of the earth to a depth of about 80 kilometers.
LIZIMETER [Lysimeter] Instrument that measures the rate of water loss by evaporation.
LIZIZ [Lysis] Destruction (destruction) of cells.
LIQUID PETROLEUM GAS: It is obtained by liquefying Propane or Butane or their mixture under pressure and lowering the temperature. LPG is often called "Bottled Gas" in the market. Typical areas of use; residences, campings, caravans etc. are places.
LINK LINE: It is the communication line between two stations where telecommunication (communication and information transfer) equipment is located.
Linkage: Link, mechanism, layout
Lignite: It is a brown-black type of coal with low value and high amount of moisture and volatile matter; It is mostly used in electrical power generators.
Lip angle: Edge angle
Lithology: It is a science that studies stones. Because lithology is associated with oil and gas production, exploration and knowledge of probe lithology is very important; It is effective in making important decisions about the well by analyzing the rock fragments extracted in the drilling.
Live center: Rotating tailstock
LLDPE: Linear low density polyethylene.
LNG [Liquefied natural gas] Liquefied natural gas.
LNG: See SDG (Liquefied Natural Gas) LOADING: It is the work of loading the gas on ships.
LNG: Liquefied natural gas.
Lock nut: Lock nut
Log Instruments: Various electrical, acoustic or radioactive instruments used to measure certain properties in a well to be drilled or made. Logging is the name given to the process of collecting and recording data on porosity, permeability and types of fluids near the well by hanging the measuring instruments that collect different data into the well cavity. This data helps in sub-surface mapping of an area for future research. The logs are diverse. Open Well Log, Mud Log, Dipmeter Log, Resistance Log, Electrical Log, Gamma Ray Log, Induction Log, Injection Log, Scout Log, Caliper Log, Neutron Log, Perforation Depth Control Log, Radioactivity Log, Temperature Log, Salinity) Log, Intensity Log.
LOGIC CONTROLLER Controller & PLC: (Programmable Programmable Controller) is a microprocessor-based device that processes the information received from the sensors according to the program given to it and transfers it to the work elements. An electronic system that works numerically in PLC control is provided in industrial environment conditions.
Logs and logging: The results of a series of measurements made in the borehole to gather information about underground formations.
LOCAL (PARTIAL) LACQUER: It is generally used as a post-printing application, it adds brightness to graphics such as pictures, logos, objects and brands that are desired to be emphasized, making a certain area more prominent and eye-catching. Application Areas: Catalog, Brochure, Business Card, Book Cover, Packaging, Textile Labels, Cardboard Bags, Stickers etc.
Longitudional: Longitudinal, longitudinal
LOOP: It is the name of the additional pipe in case of making additional pipes to the existing pipe.
Lot: Any particular value that describes always the same quantity of a good or product; for example, generally 1 lot crude oil = 1000 barrels, 1 lot gasoline = 100 tons in the market.
LPG [Liquified petroleum gas] Liquified petroleum gas.
LPG: Liquefied petroleum gases; Paraffinic light hydrocarbons, which are propane, butane or mixtures of the two, which are released during refinery and natural gas processes, easily liquefy under pressure.
LRT [Light rail transport; Long range transport] Light rail transport; Long range transportation.
LSR: Liquid silicone
LTC [Laboratory test chamber] Laboratory trial room.
Lube Oil: Lube Oil, Lubricant.
Lubricant: Lubricant
Lubricating gun: Oil gun
Lubrication: Lubrication
Lubricator: Oiler, grease nipple
Lubricant: Lubricating oil, lubricant. Petroleum-based or synthetic fluids, or greases used in most industrial equipment.
Luder's bands: Luder bands, shallow wrinkles on the sheet surface
LV [Limit values] Limit values
M
M (MAGENTA-RED): Abbreviation for red ink in process printing.
MAQ (MINIMUM ANNUAL QUANTITY): It is the minimum annual amount.
MSQ (MINIMUM SUMMER QUANTITY): It is the minimum summer amount. MT: It is the Marine Terminal.
MAB [Man and the Biosphere Program] Human and the biosphere program.
MABS: Methylmethacrylate acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (amorphous thermoplastic)
MAC [Maximum allowable concentration] Maximum permissible density. MAD [] maximum permissible dose.
Machinability: Machinability
Machine bed: Bench body
Machine frame: Bench body
Machine molding: Machine molding
Machine screw: Machine screw, bolt head screw, screw with nut
Machine shop: Workshop, workshop
Machine tool: Machine tool
Machine: Machine, bench
Machining time: Processing time
Machining: Machining, chip removal, machining
Core: It refers to the parts that are placed in the mold cavities in mold making and that ensure that the parts they cover come out as cavities after molding.
Core Molding: It is the reinforced plastic molding method (can also be expressed as press molding), which is obtained by combining the female and male metal molds that allow the composite part to be molded with pressure and heat depending on time.
MINING WASTES [Mining wastes] As a result of mining activities, material that has a polluting effect on vegetation and water resources, especially rock and mine debris.
JOINT: It is a mechanical system that allows two moving parts to be connected to each other without losing their mobility properties.
Magma: Molten rock materials including gases.
Magnet: Magnet
Magnetic chuck: Magnetic chuck
Magnetometer: It is a device that measures small magnetic field changes on the earth. The measurement values provide information about the formation of the underground rocks. The differences in magnetic field strength (or anomaly) in a region are a result of the changes in the magnetic field of the place and the volume and magnetic permeability of the rocks in that region. With the evaluation of magnetometric data, the locations of oil, natural gas and other valuable minerals can be determined by the underground rock formations and movements of tectonic layers.
SITE CLASS: It is the classification made for the rough determination of the building and population density on the route of the natural gas pipeline and its equipment and to take the necessary safety measures accordingly. TS 8154). (Ref: First Class Area (A), Second Class Area (B), Third Class Area (C), Fourth Class Area (D))
NEIGHBORHOOD [Neighborhood] A geographical or administrative subdivision in an urban area.
Maintenance: Maintenance
SCISSORS SIDE: The side where the sheet to be printed is held by the printing machine and advanced inside the machine.
SCISSORS: The paper, whose front and side poses are adjusted, is held tightly by the scissors and transmitted to the rotary printing drum. As the printed paper goes to the stack, the scissors return and take the new paper to the printing drum.
MAKE UP: It is the Compensation Amount.
Make-Up Gas: Make-up gas.
MACROBESINS [Macronutrients] Mineral nutrients such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen phosphorus, sulfur, potassium and calcium that organisms utilize in relatively large quantities.
MACROCLIMATOLOGY [Macroclimatology] Sub-branch of climatology, dealing with regimes and phenomena on the largest (planetary) scale.
Macroconsumers [Macroconsumers] Organisms that supply their energy through heterotrophic nutrition with organic matter in the form of particles.
MAXIMUM SEPARABLE CAPACITY (MAX): It is the maximum total capacity that the Transporter can reserve at any Entry and Exit Point, taking into account the technical infrastructure.
MAXIMUM DAILY INJECTION AMOUNT: It is the maximum amount of gas to be taken by the Storage Company for injection in Sm³ in one day at the Delivery and Acceptance Point. This value is included in the DHS to be signed with Service Receivers.
MAXIMUM DAILY RECOVERY AMOUNT: It is the maximum amount of gas to be given in Sm³ for back production in one day at the Delivery and Acceptance Point by the Storage Company. This value is included in the DHS to be signed with Service Receivers.
REASONABLE DAILY INPUT [NAME = acceptable daily intake] The amount of daily impurities a source can handle.
COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS [Cost-effectiveness analysis] Comparison of the costs of current probabilities to achieve a specified goal. Here, considering all the direct and indirect costs of each possibility, the lowest total cost is chosen.
COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS [Cost-benefit analysis] An analysis method to evaluate alternative programs in terms of their potential benefits and possible costs.
Malleable: Malleable
The shrinkage amount of the material varies between 0.25% - 3%. The female mold and diver should be made wider to meet the shrinkage factor.
MAMUR ENVIRONMENT [Built environment] Man-made changes on the natural environment, buildings, parks and so on. including the whole.
Mandrel: Mandrel, mandrel, tailstock or drill head
MANDREL: It is a guide element placed inside the pipe to ensure a homogeneous pipe profile in the bending and drawing processes of pipe materials.
Mandrel: These are metal molds on which reinforcement materials such as roving, felt, fabric impregnated with resin are wrapped in order to be shaped. It is used in the production of hollow, cylindrical pipes and tank bodies.
Manifold: It is a system of accessories consisting of a base pipe (or other transmitters) that divides a fluid into several branches and other pipes connected to it. For example, in cars, the intake manifold of the engine distributes the fuel-air mixture from the carburetor to the inlets of each cylinder. Another example is 2, 3, .., multi-port vacuum manifold systems used in industry or for other purposes.
Manine Gaz Oil: It is a better quality and lighter fraction than diesel fuel; It is used in high speed marine diesel engines.
Mannesmann mill: Seamless pipe mill, Mannesman mill
MANOMETER: It is a measuring device that can measure or record pressure values above atmospheric pressure.
Manometer: It is an instrument used to measure gas pressures or pressure differences in a system.
Coupler: Refers to the sleeve with a gasket to attach the pipes to each other.
Mantle: 1. impermeable layer on top of a reservoir; prevents hydrocarbons from migrating in other directions. 2. The earth's mantle is the part between the crust and the core.
Manual: Manually operated, manually operated; manual
Manufacturing engineer: Manufacturing engineer
Manufacturing process: Manufacturing method
Manufacturing: Manufacturing
MAGNETIC SEPARATION Removing metals in solid waste by applying a magnet to make them reusable.
LANDSCAPE: It is the use of paper horizontally.
MAOP: Calculated Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure.
MAP [Major air pollutants] Major air pollutants.
Margin (drills): Phase, armor
Marking: It refers to putting a mark to introduce an object or to distinguish it from similar ones.
MARPOL [Marine Pollution Convention] Marine pollution convention.
MARPOLMON [Marine Pollution Monitoring Program] marine pollution monitoring program.
Martensite: Martensite
Mash seam weld: Crush seam welding
Masking: Masking
MASL (METERS ABOVE SEA LEVEL): The Height Above Sea Level.
MASP (MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE SURGE PRESSURE): Calculated Maximum Surge Pressure.
Mass production: Mass production
Gauge: It refers to the sample showing the length at which the pultrusion product will be cut.
Masterbeç: These are plastic compounds containing one or more additives in high concentrations; For example, the "color masterbatch" used in the coloring of polymers is a polymer that is homogeneously mixed with a high concentration of dye.
MATC [Maximum allowable toxic concentration] The maximum permissible toxic concentration.
Material: Tool, material
Drill (bit): It is a cutting and piercing element used to drill oil or gas wells or similar works.
Matrix: It is a homogeneous resin or polymer material in the fiber system that forms a composite. As well as thermoplastic and thermoset resins, metal, ceramics and glass can also be used.
Maturity: Defines the ability of a source rock to produce oil or gas; The source rock that begins to mature begins to produce gas.
MCE [Marginal cost-effectiveness] Marginal cost-effectiveness.
Measurement: Measurement, measure
Measuring: Instruments measuring instruments, measuring instruments
Mechanical press: Mechanical press
Mechanism: Mechanism, assembly
Tidal Energy: The energy gained by using the kinetic energy of the moving water body is called tidal energy. The energy created by the tidal events in the oceans can first be converted into mechanical power and then into electrical energy. This technology is still in its infancy and its energy potential is not clear.
MEDI [Marine environment Data Information System] Marine environment data and information system.
Medium fit: Medium tight running, sweet running, sweet passing
MEGALOPOLIS [Megalopolis] Kümekent; the merging of many urban areas into a larger whole.
MECHANICAL COLLECTION [Mechanical collection] Control and prevention of air, water and soil pollution by mechanical collection method without prior processing.
MECHANICAL BINDING: In this method; After the cover and inner pages are brought together, they are fastened together with spirals, screws and rivets made of metal or plastic.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES: It is the characteristic properties of the material showing the behavior under effects such as tension, compression, bending.
Mechanical Properties: Modules associated with elastic and inelastic reactions when a force is applied are material properties such as tensile and compressive strength.
MECHANICAL INTEGRITY TEST: It is a test to prove that there is no leakage in the well and the mechanical components of the well.
Melamine Formaldehyde Resin, MF: It is amino resin obtained from melamine and formaldehyde; Low molecular weight types are in syrup consistency, high molecular weight types are solid powders.
MEPC [Marine Environment Protection Committee] Marine Environment Protection Committee.
ROLLER: In injection molding, the name given to the passage that takes the plastic melt from the injection point and distributes it to various cavities.
MERKAPTAN: It is the general name of thiols used as scenting material. Their odor intensity is very high and their chemical stability is weaker than sulphides.
Mercaptan: It is a group of chemicals that describe toxic sulfur compounds with bad odor; Mercaptans contained in crude oil are removed by refining, but in case of any leakage, natural gas and LP gas are added in very small amounts so that the odor is easily detected.
MERKAPTANLAR [Mercaptans] Organic compounds containing sulfur, with a pungent odor, formed in a process in petroleum refineries and separated by rubbing (washing) with caustic soda.
CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEM: It is a fixed system in which the heated space temperatures and the operation of the system as a whole are controlled manually or automatically and a building is heated by a single heat source.
CENTRAL CONCLUSION ORGANIZATION: Organization defined in PUE.
Mesh: Wire mesh, mesh strainer; engagement, gears in contact
Metagenesis: It is a metamorphism stage that occurs at high temperatures and pressures. Metamorphism can be defined as the mineralogical, chemical and crystallographic changes in a solid state rock; for example, the change of rock without melting according to new conditions (pressure, temperature, fluid entry).
Metal removal: Metal removal
Metal spinning: Spinning
Metal spraying: Metal spraying
Metal: Metal
METALLIC SCRAP [Scrap] Unused and discarded parts of metal being processed.
Metallic Fiber: Metal-covered fiber, plastic-coated metal or completely metal-covered fiber produced as a carrier.
Metallized film: Metallization is the coating of a film with aluminum vapors formed on ceramic rods heated with resistance under low pressure. This method of coating is widely used as it is the most economical for the packaging industry.
Metallocene: sandwich structure organometallic compounds containing two cyclopentadienyl (Cp) anions and the general formula (C5R5) 2M.
Metamorphic: Look. Metamorphosis; Rock Cycle.
METHANE (CH4): Under normal conditions, it is a colorless, odorless, lighter than air and flammable gas. Methane is the first element of alkane series gases and is the main component of natural gas. It liquefies at atmospheric pressure and -162 ° C.
METHAN [Methane] Natural, colorless gas, often called swamp gas, consisting of the decomposition of organic matter under anaerobic conditions in marshy soils, sewage waters and also in coal mines. Increasing the density in the atmosphere contributes to the "greenhouse effect".
Methane Hydrate: Water molecules bond with each other by hydrogen bonds, forming a cage-like structure (trap) with large cavities; Gas molecules (eg methane, ethane, propane, etc.) settle in these cavities and connect with the cage in which they are contained by van der Waals forces.
Methane: The smallest molecular weight hydrocarbon, (CH4) is a colorless gas; also known as marsh gas. Methane is the basic substance of natural gas.
Methanogens: They are bacteria that live and grow under completely anaerobic conditions, synthesizing methane from biomass; energy sources are carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
Metatesis: If a chemical reaction occurs according to the following general scheme, it is called 'double degradation' or 'metathesis'.
Metrology: The science of measurement
METROPOLITEN AREA (ANAKENT AREA) [Metropolitan area] Large city and the surrounding areas dependent on it due to economic, social and political-administrative factors.
METRUK LAND [Derelict land] Abandoned, unused land; vacant land (fallow land). MEZOPOZ [Mesopause] The upper part of the mesosphere.
MESOSPHERE [Mesosphere] The region between the stratospheres and the thermosphere where meteorites are thought to have been destroyed.
MIG / MAG, TIG WELDING: See… Gas Metal Arc Welding MIXER: It is the equipment inside the crude oil storage tanks and operated at certain intervals to keep the oil homogeneous in the tank. MILLS: It is the unit that describes the coating thickness in pipes. (100 mills = 1 inch) MINIMUM WORKING PRESSURE: It is the lowest pressure value at the inlet of a gas appliance that will provide the previously declared heat input.
Micronutrients Mineral nutrients that organisms make use of in very small quantities.
MIKROIKLIM [Microclimate] Local climatic conditions in a small area.
MICROORGANISMS [Microorganisms] Microscopic plants or animals contained in liquid wastes that act as active active ingredients in biological treatment processes or contribute to the reduction activity.
MICROPES [Microbes] Very small plants and animals; Some of them that cause illness are found in sewage water.
Disinfection Disinfection of disease-causing organisms, for example by chlorination.
MIM: Metal powder injection molding
Mica: Mica
Micrometer: Micrometer
Migration: It is the transfer of additives from plastic material to another contact material.
Migration: Immigration
Micro Crack: These are hairline cracks that occur in composites when the thermal stresses locally exceed the matrix resistance.
Microbial Processes: It aims to enable microbes to ferment hydrocarbons and to increase the formation of oil as a by-product. In the process, the narrow and small channels in the reservoir rock are blocked and the oil is directed to large porous areas. Foods such as sugars, phosphates or nitrates are injected into the reservoir to help microbes reproduce and their performance. Surfactants and carbon dioxide produced by microbes help displace oil.
Shaft: A unit of length used to measure the diameter of glass fiber filaments.
Mild steel: Mild steel
Milling cutter: Milling cutter
Milling machine: Milling machine
Mineral coatings (mineral surfacing): Natural slate stone that can be broken into small leaflets in gray tones or black natural basalt stone broken into small round particles. They can be painted to the desired color with special painting methods. It is laminated over the waterproofing cover to protect the waterproofing cover from the harmful rays of the sun and for decorative purposes.
Mineral Oil, Straight: They are petroleum oils that do not contain additives.
Minimum bend radius: Minimum bending radius (radius)
MINIMUM DAILY INJECTION AMOUNT: It is the minimum amount of gas to be taken in Sm³ for injection in one day at the Delivery and Acceptance Point by the Storage Company. This value is included in the DHS (Storage Service Agreement) to be signed with Service Users.
MINIMUM DAILY RECOVERY AMOUNT: It is the minimum amount of gas to be given in Sm³ for back production in one day at the Delivery and Acceptance Point by the Storage Company. This value is included in the DHS (Storage Service Agreement) to be signed with Service Users.
MINIMUM OPERATING SPEED: It is the operation of a gas device at the lowest speed according to the relevant standard during its safety certification studies.
MINIMUM COATING THICKNESS: It is the minimum thickness of the insulating coating applied on the steel pipe surface at every point.
MOD: Longitudinal, transverse etc. It is the type of propagation of the ultrasonic wave in the material, which is expressed in the form and characterized by particle motion. (Interest: Ultrasonic Inspection) MODULATION FACTOR: It is the rate of change in gas flow rate caused by temperature change in the sensor (sensor) element.
Modified bitumen: Bitumen whose properties are changed by adding plastomeric or elastomeric polymers.
Modulus: It is the amount of load required to maintain a constant elongation percentage in the physical test of rubber.
MODULING THERMOSTAT: It is a thermostat that continuously changes the gas flow.
Mole: The value in grams of the weight of an element or the molecular weight of a compound; It is also expressed in grams of molecules.
Molding: It is mostly the job of injection molding plastic or polymer material.
MOLD'Nseal: Injection molding process combined with PUR foaming
Molecular Weight Distribution: It is the relationship between the number of molecules in a polymer chain and the chain length. The average molecular weight number is obtained by dividing the total weight of polymer molecules in a sample by the total number of polymer molecules. The molecular weight weight average is based on the fact that large molecules have a larger share of the total mass than small molecules. The molecular weight average found by viscosity determination is different from the other two average calculations, but the values are closer to the weight average values.
Molecular Weight: It is a measure of the molecular mass of a chemical compound.
Molecular Weight: The sum of the atomic weights of all atoms in a molecule. In order to monitor the polymer formation, the chain length of the molecules is measured.
Molecular Sieve: It is a group of porous structured materials used in separation and purification processes; For example, separation of n-paraffins from kerosene and gas oil fractions, separation of desired gases from mixed gas streams, removal of some impurities. Molecular sieves are defined according to the pore diameter; For example, 4A molecular sieve has the structure of AlO3 · 2SiO2 · 4.5H2O and can hold molecules such as water, methanol, ethanol, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, ethylene, propylene, not larger molecules. 5A molecular sieve has the structure of 0.7 CaO · 0.3Na2O · Al2O3 · 2SiO2 4.5 H2O.
MOMENT: The tendency of a force to rotate the mass to which it is applied around an axis.
MON: Motor octane number
Monel metal: Monel brass
Monitor: An instrument that records the performance of a controller or signals.
MONOCULTURE [Monoculture] growing a single crop.
Monomer: It is the smallest unit representing a polymer. It is also referred to as the molecule that reacts to form polymers.
Monomer: A single molecule that can combine with another similar or dissimilar monomer or molecule to form a polymer or polymeric chain; such as ethylene, styrene, adipic acid, hexamethylenetetramine, etc.
Mononuclear Aromatics: They are compounds that are found in the most naphtha fraction of petroleum and contain at least one benzene ring in its molecule.
ASSEMBLY: It is the job of gluing the films to be printed on a translucent ground foil (Astrolan) according to the trace. The process of collecting picture and text films separately for each printing color and adhering on a fully transparent foil that does not change their dimensions according to a certain plan is called montage. Nowadays, it is the process of making the works ready for the mold by using assembly programs or graphic programs in the digital environment.
ASSEMBLY TEMPLATE: It is the template prepared for each color and obtained by covering the areas that we do not want to be seen in the printing with covering red tape and covering red paper or covering black paper.
INSTALLER: It is the person who installs manually or with computer support.
MOODY DIAGRAM: It is a widely used diagram in which the friction factor is shown as a function of the Reynolds number and the roughness parameter in a fully developed pipe flow.
Morphology: Crystal property, molecular weight, branching are all of the properties seen in the structure of a polymer.
Morse taper: Morse taper
Mold (or mold): Casting mold, casting mold
MOV: Abbreviation for electric motor valves (Motor Operated Valve).
MP [Melting point] Melting point.
MPN [Most probable number] See. The most likely number.
MTA (MILLION METRIC TONS ANNUALLY): Million Metric Tons per year.
MTON: Metric Ton. INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE COMMISSION: Inspection and acceptance commissions are formed by the competent authority from at least three (3) persons, one of whom is the chairman. Considering the importance and characteristics of the work, the number of members of the commission can be sufficiently increased, the total number being one. All of those to be assigned in these commissions must be experts in the work. However, if the relevant administration does not have sufficient number of expert personnel or qualified personnel in accordance with the nature of the job, expert personnel may be assigned from the administrations subject to the Law numbered 4734.
MuCell: Injection molding process for the production of micro-foams
MUCUR [Slag] Slag, dirt on the surface of the molten metal.
CASING PIPE FOOT (CAS - ING SHOE): It is a piece made of hard metal in the form of a ring that is attached to the end of the casing pipe inside the well and helps to prevent any wrong positioning or orientation by guiding the casing string.
CASING PIPE: See… Caisson
Prospective Resources: The estimated potential amount of crude oil that can be produced in the future from unexplored deposits.
POSSIBLE RESERVES: Deeper-penetrated oil or gas reserves that require further investigation into precisely determining availability, such as possible (specified) reserves.
MUKKA: Central Conciliation Institution Participant Agreement.
Multiple cut: Multiple cut
Multipoint: Multi-edged tool
Multislide press: Multi slide press
MUTAGENES [Mutagens] Active substances with the ability to alter genes.
MUTATION [Mutation] The transferable change in the structure of a gene or chromosome.
ABSOLUTE PRESSURE: Pressure gauges read values above atmospheric pressure unless otherwise specified. By adding the current atmospheric pressure to this value, the absolute pressure is found.
Absolute Pressure: Gauge (gauge) pressure, plus atmospheric pressure.
Absolute Temperature: The basic temperature scale used by theoretical physicists, chemists and some engineering branches; Its unit is Kelvin (K), its absolute zero temperature is 0 K and is equal to -273.15 0C.
Absolute Viscosity: Look. Viscosity, Dynamic
Absolute: Independence from relative standards.
FORCE MAJEURE: It is an extraordinary event that occurs outside the activity and operation of the responsible or the debtor, causing the violation of a general norms of behavior or debt, in an absolute and inevitable manner, and which cannot be foreseen and resisted. (Death, bankruptcy, illness, detention and similar situations that may prevent the fulfillment of duty, commitment and responsibility in law. The concept of "force majeure" is one of the basic concepts of law and its application is seen in almost all branches of law.)
MÜCELLİT: Post-printing jobs (It is a term used especially for binding works.) The jobs that are printed are cut, crimped, blending, stitching, capping, etc. It is called the businesses where the transactions are made. Although many printing houses have their own bookbindings, special covers, foil gilding and so on. There are binder houses that provide services on transactions.
SEALING BEAD: Bead of material welded around the neck end, designed to enhance the component's sealing capabilities.
POSSIBLE RESERVES: These are oil or gas reserves that have not yet been tested or drilled, but are estimated to be in usable status according to the information obtained as a result of geological and engineering studies.
Possible Reserves: Possible reserves are classified as unproven reserves; are additional or additional reserves. The accuracy of the estimated recoverable amount is lower than the possible reserves. The actual amount of production is equal to or greater than the estimated proven + probable + possible reserves.
MAXIMUM TEST PRESSURE PERMITTED: It is the highest test fluid pressure at which the system can be safely tested, taking into account the material and space properties used in the existing gas pipeline.
MAXIMUM OPERATING PRESSURE ALLOWED: It is the maximum operating pressure at which the existing gas pipeline can be operated safely.
MVTR (Moisture Vapor Transmission Rate); Moisture Vapor Permeability rate g-mil / 100in. 2/24 hours. MVTR is the measurement of H2O gas flow through a wall or barrier. Low rate means that the package protects the product from moisture longer and ensures the moisture content of the product remains the same
MW [Megawatt] Megawatt; Energy unit of one million watts used to indicate the capacity of heat or electricity generating facilities.
N
N (Newton): It is the unit of force in the SI system; N = kg m / s2.
RARE [Rare] It is used to denote species whose existence will be endangered if the numbers are reduced further.
Naphtha: It is a general term used for the low boiling hydrocarbon fractions, which are the main component of gasoline. Naphthals with a carbon number from C3 to C16 and containing less than 0.1% benzene are called aliphatic naphtha. Aromatic naphtha has carbon numbers from C6 to C16 and they contain significant amounts of aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene (> 0.1%), toluene and xylene. Naphthaes are characterized by specific gravity, ASTM boiling range, C / H ratio and PONA (showing the distribution of paraffin, olefin, naphtene, aromatic hydrocarbons) analysis.
Naphthenes: Hydrocarbons (cycloalkanes) with the general formula CnH2n in which carbon atoms are arranged in a ring. Cycloparaffins; They are saturated cyclic (cyclic) hydrocarbons, most of which contain methyl groups.
Nail washers: Pliers
Nail: Nails
Nano Filler: They are fillers with particle sizes in nanometer sizes, used as reinforcers in polymers. They give excellent mechanical properties to the polymer; clays with improved surface properties, such as nanoclay.
Nano Composite: It is a class of plastics that contain very well dispersed nano fillers (such as nano clays); these are the only composites whose hardness and impact resistance performance is exceptionally well balanced.
Nano Tube (or, Carbon Nano tube): Nano tubes were discovered in 1991 by Japanese researcher Sumio Iijima. Nano tubes are long and thin carbon cylinders; They exhibit various electronic, thermal and structural properties according to their diameter, length and bending shape. For example, an electronic part, diode, is made by connecting two nano-sized carbon tubes with different electronic properties (A). Carbon nanotubes are used for a variety of purposes such as (C) and hydrogen (and some other gases) storage (B; green circles are hydrogen) in making transistors and very small computer circuits.
NAP [Noise abatement procedure] Noise reduction method.
Natural: Natural, natural
NDSI [Noise depreciation sensitivity index] Noise loss sensitivity index.
Near-net-shape forging: Tattoo that gives the near-end shape
Neck (drills): Neck
Needle bearing: Needle bearing
Needle file: Clockwork file
Needle Coke: Crystalline coke, obtained from very pure petroleum tar; it is usually calcined before use.
Needle: Needle, needle
NEKTON ORGANISMS [Nekton organisms] Actively swimming animals of the marine ecosystem such as squid, fish and whales.
Moisture Content: The amount of moisture in a material is expressed as a percentage of the volume (mass) of the moist product, that is, the dry matter plus moisture.
NET REPRODUCTIVE RATE [Net reproduction rate] The average number of girls that can be born during an average woman's lifetime if current fertility and death rates are maintained.
Net-shape forging: Forging that gives the final shape (does not require chip removal)
Newtonian Fluids: They are ideal viscous fluids whose viscosity does not change with time and shear (flow) speed, which depends only on pressure and temperature; such as mineral oils.
NFPA-30: It includes safety rules against fire and explosion risks that may arise during the transportation and storage of flammable and explosive petroleum derivatives.
NGL (Natural Gas Liquified): Liquefizable hydrocarbons in natural gas.
NIHAI ÖRTÜ [Final cover] The top soil cover sprinkled over the waste in a solid waste dump area arranged in accordance with hygienic rules.
NICKEL [Nickel] A trace element that normally does not harm human beings, but when reacted with hot carbon monoxide forms a lethal poison. Lethal poison effect occurs during combustion in automobiles.
NITRAT GIDERME [Denitrification] Removing the nitrogen in the nitrate from the environment by reducing it.
NITRATING [Nitrification] The process of oxidation of ammonium ion to nitrite and nitrate ions by microorganisms such as nitrosomonas and nitrobacter.
Ultimare Reserves: Discovered recoverable resources; these are total production + future producible resources (reserves).
NIPPLES: A short piece of pipe with threads at both ends.
Nipple: Nipple, pipe union, nipple, nipple
Nitriding: Nitriding
Nodular cast iron: Ductile iron
Nodular iron: lumpy iron
Christmas Tree: In oil and gas production, the Christmas tree is a system consisting of a series of pipes, fittings, pumps and valves placed above the well to control the flow of oil and gas from the well. Since some gas wells come to the surface with high pressure from underground, a separate pumping system is not required for production. In such cases, the Christmas tree is used instead of the pump system for the necessary controls to take the gas from the well.
NOKTA KAYNAK [Point source] Independent and different carrier where water pollution can reach a waterway; constant air pollution of an independent nature, such as an exhaust hood.
Point bonding: Adhering the waterproofing cover on the free-laid perforated glass tulle cover.
NOL Ring: It is a test method developed by the Naval Ordinance Laboratory to perform tensile and compression tests on the whole of a ring obtained by winding the fibers parallel to each other or on the segments taken from this ring.
Nominal size: Nominal size
NOMINATION: See ... Transport Amount Notification (TMB) It is the amount of gas that Service User plans to regenerate and / or inject for the relevant dates and submitted to the Storage Company for approval.
Non-Associated Gas: Natural gas contained in gas reservoirs that do not contain oil.
Nonferrous metal: Non-ferrous metal
Non-Conventional Gas: It is natural gas found in unsuitable underground formations such as highly impermeable reservoirs, hydrates and coal deposits.
Non-Conventional Petroleum: Oil-shales (shales), products extracted from petroleum-sands, synthetic petroleum products derived from coal (Coal To Liquid; GTL) and products derived from liquid products, natural gas and biomass (Gas to Liquid; GTL) covers.
Non-Newtonian Fluid: This group includes viscoelastic (or pseudoplastics) fluids whose shear stress is not time dependent but changes with shear rate, and thixotropic fluids that are only time dependent. Their viscosity is not constant at constant pressure and temperature and varies depending on other parameters. such as greases or multigrade oils (oils with polymeric substances).
NORMAL VOLUME: It is the volume of gas under normal conditions (0 ° C temperature, 1 atm = 1.013 bar pressure). Normal volume unit is Nm³. NORMAL M³: See… Normal Volume briefly Nm³ is the amount of natural gas that fills a volume of 1 cubic meter at 0 ° C and 1.01325 bar absolute pressure.
Normal Paraffin: They are hydrocarbons made up of unbranched molecules; carbon atoms are not bound to more than two carbon atoms.
Normal Conditions: Temperature 0 ° C, pressure 760 mm Hg. Are the conditions.
Normalizing: Normalizing anneal
NORMALIZED (NORMALIZED): refers to pre-defined conditions. In the case of gas, it means preset Pressure and Temperature because they are a variable between Mass and Volume. Normal conditions are typically used in the metric system and are defined as 0 C and 1 atm.
NORMALIZATION HEAT APPLIED PIPE: The pipe, which is cooled in a place outside the furnace where there is no air flow, after the material is annealed in the atmosphere or vacuum at a temperature higher than the upper conversion temperature, is a pipe with normalization annealing.
Notching: Notching, end cutting
Notching: Notching
Novolak: It is a linear thermoplastic, B level phenolic resin, which is reacted to obtain a thermoset phenolic and cannot be cured alone.
NOZZLE: It is the element used to increase the speed of the fluid passing through it and also used in the sense of a blower.
NEUTRAL ATMOSPHERE The state of the air in the lowest layer of the troposphere with a deviation of less than 5.4 degrees F per 1,000 feet of altitude.
Neutral Oil: The vacuum distillation unit is the base stocks of lubricating oil with light peak products; Viscosity at 40 0C is in the range of 13-130 cSt. Usually it is solvent or tin treated, but no acid or alkali treatment is carried out.
NPSH (NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD): It is the Positive Suction Head.
NTP [Normal conditions of temperature and pressure] Normal temperature and pressure conditions.
NUMERATOR: It is the process of putting numbers after printing to the desired places for the follow-up of successive pages or opposite pages separated by perforation. It is generally done in contracted works.
Numerical control: Numerical control, Numerical control
NUPLEKS [Nuplex] Artificial spaces consisting of residences and workplaces intended to be operated with nuclear energy, containing everything necessary for the health and life of the inhabitants.
Nut: Nut
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION The spatial distribution of the population, affecting the choice of location and land use patterns of community-oriented services and activities.
POPULATION DYNAMICS [Population dynamics] Numerical and structural change in the population as a result of birth, death and migration.
POPULATION INDEX [Population index] An estimate of the size or other characteristics of a population by indirect means.
POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS Facts related to the population structure of a community necessary for planning, such as age distribution, place distribution, income patterns, information on household formation and size.
POPULATION PROJECTION [Popilation projection] Future population projection based on the assumption that past trends will continue.
POPULATION CENSUS [Census] The official census of the people in a country at regular intervals.
POPULATION DENSITY INDEX: In order to be taken into account in the design of the pipeline or main distribution pipeline in the region, determination of the operating pressure and test conditions, a is the number.
Penetration: The amount of gas or vapor passing through the plastic film or container.
Penetration Deficiencies: Insufficient melting zones occurring between the weld metal and the base metal at the bottom (root) or upper surface or surfaces of the weld seam. Such weld maps are generally formed due to reasons such as low ampere, improper welding edge, high welding speed.
Penetration: It is the depth of penetration (penetration) of weld passes to each other and to the base metal in a weld seam without any gaps.
NUCLEAR ENERGY [Nuclear energy] Energy generated by nuclear fission or fusion, especially for electricity generation. Nuclear power plants are a source of concern for waste disposal and the danger of accidents.
Nuclear Energy: By dividing some heavy elements such as uranium or plutonium into lighter species (fission), stored energy is released as nuclear bond forces. A fission event occurs when the core of a suitable isotope (such as uranium 235) is bombarded with a free neutron. The released neutrons cause a series of chain reactions; nuclear power factories keep these chain reactions in check.
NWT [Non-waste technology] Free of waste technology.
Nyflex molds: These plates are very soft. It is preferably used in corrugated cardboard printing. Hardness varies between 34-42 shore.
O / O
O - RING: Rubber Ring is a sealing material mounted on flanges and loading arms manifold orifices.
OCS [Outer continental shelf] External continental shelf.
OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development): Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development: It is an international organization established by developed countries that have adopted the principles of free economy and democracy; origin, II. It is the Organization for European Economy Co-operation (OEEC), which was created to support the Marshall Plan implemented for the restructuring of Europe after World War II. Member countries: USA, Germany, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Netherlands, Ireland, England, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy, Iceland, Japan, Canada, Korea, Luxembourg, Hungary, Mexico, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Turkey, New Zealand, Greece.
OFFSET PRINT: The process of the point, made with the help of moistening and ink, is called offset printing. It is a printing technique that works by transferring from mold to rubber and from there to paper. The grains created by the points on the film surface, which we call the screen, on the surface of the mold are filled with inks carried by the rollers.
OFFSET PROVA: It is a type of proof made using mold, paper and ink. It is called trial printing.
Oil Shale: It is a type of rock of sedimentary origin; Ash content is> 33%, organic parts can be obtained when distilled under severe conditions. However, the yield of oil that can be obtained by extraction with solvents is low. It is estimated that up to 89% of the World Oil Shale Resources are in North America (Colorado, Utah, Wyoming) and the remaining 11% are in Africa, South America, Asia, Europe, Middle East and Oceania.
Oil Zone: It is the region where oil can be produced or the region where oil formation is located. When gas, oil and water are separated from each other in a reservoir, the oil zone is located just below the gas zone, above the water zone.
Oil: Crude oil, oil.
OXYGEN PIT [Oxygen right] Decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration in water, mostly at night, due to biological respiration; Sudden drop of dissolved oxygen in a stream due to open discharge.
Oxygen depletion [Oxygen depletion] Removal or consumption of oxygen by chemical or biological use.
Oxidation ponds are relatively shallow lagoons or ponds in which wastewater is oxygenated and treated, used for primary stage waste stabilization in wastewater treatment.
Oxidation processes Aerobic lagime water treatment processes that accelerate the biological growth of organisms in waste water, thus reducing their organic content.
OXIDER A substance containing oxygen that reacts chemically in air to form a new substance; primary source of photochemical smoke (fog).
Oxidized bitumen (oxidized bitumen): Bitumen obtained by heating bitumen in special towers and changing its properties by passing air through it.
Oxygen index: It is the minimum oxygen / nitrogen concentration required for combustion to occur.
Oxygenates: Molecules containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, such as MTBE (methyl tertiary butyl ether) or ETBE (ethyl tertiary butyl ether); It is used to increase the octane number of gasoline and to prevent the formation of harmful gases such as CO after burning in the engine.
Octane Number: A number that describes the relative knock resistance (antiknock) characteristics of gasoline; It defines how much fuel can be compressed so that it is burned simultaneously with ignition. If the compressed fuel spontaneously combines before the spark, a "knock" occurs; This means that the compression ratio applied is high for the fuel used. Octane numbers of some compounds:
Octane: Normal octane (C8H18) is a straight chain hydrocarbon; It is used as a reference fuel in determining the octane number of gasoline.
OCTANOL-WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT [Octanol-water pattition coefficient] The coefficient expressing the dissolution rate of chemical substances in organic and inorganic phases.
Probable Reserves: Probable reserves are classified as unproven reserves; are additional or additional reserves. The accuracy of the estimated recoverable amount is lower than the proven reserves. The actual amount of production is greater than or equal to the estimated proven + possible reserves.
Olefin Fiber: They are fibers produced from polymer containing at least 85% ethylene, propylene or other olefin units; does not contain amorphous rubbery polymers.
Olefin: A group of unsaturated hydrocarbons with a carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n.
OLGUN KENT [Mature city] The city, whose population and economic activity has reached the maximum level, is in need of preserving its status and planned downsizing rather than growing.
Maturation (Thickening): It refers to the viscosity and consistency of HKB pulp or HKB pulp that can be used in production.
OLIGOTROPHIC LAKES [Oligotrophic lakes] Lakes with low nutrient levels, large amounts of dissolved oxygen in deep water, clear cold water and limited plant life.
Oligomer: Molecules formed by the combination of a small number of monomers such as 2, 3 and 4; Names such as dimers, trimers, tetramers are given.
Formation (Formation): It is a term used to describe a specific layer of the earth's crust, or a specific area of a layer. The formation is mostly used for rocky area where an oil reservoir is located.
Formation Fluid: It is gas, oil or water found in underground formations.
Formation Gas: It is the gas initially produced from an underground reservoir.
OM [Oxidazable matter] Oxidizable substance.
OMEGA: They are "U" shaped bends to absorb the expansion of the pipeline depending on the temperature.
SHOULDER: The sloping part of the bottle or jar between the neck and the body.
TEN USERS: Real or legal persons who have signed an agreement with the Transporter Supplier in order to purchase and / or use the natural gas drawn by the Shipper at any Exit Point.
ONCOGENIC [Oncogenic] Carcinogenic, carcinogenic.
OPACITY: It is the feature of not showing the print on one side of the paper on the other side.
OPEC (ORGANIZATION of PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES): Used to describe the organization of oil exporting countries. The most important of OPEC's founding goals is to stabilize oil prices in the world. It was formed with the participation of 11 developing countries. (United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Indonesia, Iraq, Iran, Qatar, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela)
OPEC: (The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries: In 1960, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Established with the participation of Venezuela, the number of members increased to eleven with the participation of eight countries (Qatar, Indonesia, Libya, United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Nigeria) by 1962. The center, which had been in Genoa (Switzerland) for the first five years from its establishment, was transferred to Vienna (Austria) in 1965. Two oil (price) crises occurred in the twenty years after its establishment; The Arab oil embargo in 1973 and the Iranian Revolution in 1979. Rising oil prices started to decline in the early 1980s. But the turmoil in the Middle East created the third oil crisis in 1986 and the fourth in early 1990. A determined price policy was experienced until 1998, when the crises in oil prices were balanced with the increase in production of non-OECD countries.
OPERATIONAL FLOW ORDER (OAE): It means the order given to any Service User by the Storage Company.
OPTIMUM POPULATION [Optimum population] The ideal population density that allows the highest possible income per person in the population.
Optimization: The work that will provide the highest economic gain from a unit or a complex of units.
PROPORTIONAL CONTROLLED VALVE: It is the valve that sends the gas going to the burner combustion chamber and the last burner in appropriate proportions.
Organic Waste: Animal or vegetable waste materials.
Organic carbon: It is the carbon in carbonaceous compounds contained in the sugars formed by photosynthesis and the carbonaceous compounds contained in animals and other organisms that eat plants growing with carbohydrates.
Organic: Substances originating from plant and animal life and substances originating from hydrocarbons produced naturally or synthetically.
ORGANOPHOSPHATES [Organophosphates] Short-lived agrochemicals such as malathion and parathion, containing phosphorus, used in insect control.
ORIFICE METER: It is a gas measurement system that works with the method of difference in pressures taken from the front and back of a hole plate lowered into the pipe.
Original Resources: It is the 'estimated' amount of crude oil originally found in the earth's crust through natural accumulation. Original sources fall into two groups; discovered and undeveloped resources; each of these are subclassified into recoverable and unrecoverable resources.
FOREST ORGANIZATION [Afforestation] Forest cultivation or improvement of existing ones.
FORESTRY [Forestry] Management of forests and forest land to ensure the most efficient use of resources.
Deforestation The destruction of trees and bushes to gain arable soil or timber.
MIDDLE TONE: A photo or image is the screen value between 30% and 70%.
MEDIUM DENSITY PE: It is a polyethylene pipe material with a density between 0.926 and 0.940 gr / cm³. (Interest: Low Density PE, High Density PE)
COMMON CENTERNESS: The feature of concentricity of circles and cylindrical shapes with different diameters.
AVERAGE LIFE HOPE [Life expectancy] The expected life span of an organism.
ENVIRONMENT [Ambient] The surrounding atmosphere is the environment of a particular place.
AMBIENT NOISE [Ambient noise] Background noise in a certain environment.
AMBIENT AIR [Ambient air] The zone of uncertain boundaries occupied by the surrounding atmosphere; the air we breathe.
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE: It is the atmospheric temperature in the measured environment. Its unit is degrees Celsius.
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE ERROR: It is the change in controlled temperature as a result of the changes in the temperature of the parts of a thermostat other than the sensor element.
AMBIENT PRESSURE: Absolute pressure of the medium in which the device is located in mass flow control devices.
Environment: Environmental conditions surrounding us, such as pressure, temperature, or relative humidity.
OSINOGRAPHY [Oceanography] Scientific investigation and research of oceans and seas from all aspects.
HERBIVOROUS; OTCHIL [Herbivore] Heterotrophic organism that provides energy by consuming plants.
AUTOGENIC SEQUENCE [Autogenic succession] A sequential sequence that replaces one stage with another, while at the same time superseding the living environment.
Autoclave Molding: The whole mold from the depositing or wrapping process is placed inside the heated autoclave. The pressure used is generally between 3.5-7 bar. The greater the pressure, the higher the product density and the easier removal of volatile gases from the resin.
Autoclave: It is a closed container used to advance and complete a chemical reaction or for any process under heat and pressure.
AUTO-COPY PAPERS: Autocopy papers, also known as micro capsule coated paper, are known as self-copying papers. Micro capsules filled with ink that we cannot see with our eyes are plastered on one side of the paper. When the other side of the paper is pressed with a hard object (like a pencil), the micro capsule bursts and the same image passes on the lower paper surface. It is used in jobs with multiple copies such as invoices and dispatches. Available in CB, CFB, CF grades.
AUTOMATIC BURNER: It is a burner system operated with a full or semi-automatic control system.
AUTOMATIC BLEEDING VALVE: It is a group of water pipes and pipe connections fed from the central heating unit.
AUTOMATIC CUTTER: It is the device that is used to turn off the main burner after the pre-setting time appropriate for the burning of the previously specified amount of gas.
AUTOMATIC REACTIVATION: It is the automatic repetition of the startup processes after the safety shutdown, without any manual intervention.
AUTOMATIC VALVE: It is the gas control valve operating according to the pressure difference created by the water flowing through an orifice or venturi pipe in water heaters.
AUTOMATIC RE-IGNITER: It is a spark plug designed to ignite the burner by activating the re-ignition sequence if the burner flame goes out for any reason.
AUTOMOTIVE EMISSIONS [Automotive emissions] Pollution from vehicles; Evaporation, crankcase leak and exhaust emissions from fuel tank or carburetors.
AUTOTROPHES (SELF-FOODS) [Autotrophs] Self-feeding creatures that produce their own food by holding solar energy and converting it into chemical energy to form molecular structures such as sugar, starch, protein, fat and vitamins; photosynthetic plants.
OTSP: Organized Wholesale DG Sales Market.
OVERPRINT: As a word it means "do not undercut", in other words "step on it". In color separation, different colored floors under an object marked as an overprint are filled as soon as it is emptied. Therefore, an object with an overprint should have a color dark enough to cover the colors underneath. For example, the overprint command is given in colors that will generally use covering inks such as black and gold-silver gilding. Because black is the darkest color and no matter what color is under it, black areas will still appear black. Likewise, there is no need to undercut in the colors in which the covering inks will be used, as they will not interact with the underlying color.
OZALITE: Proof made before printing in order to see the mistakes made during assembly. Generally blue photographic print proof shaped with ammonia.
OZONE [Ozone] The reactive, toxic form of oxygen produced by electrical discharge and radiation passing through oxygen. It can be irritating in the inhaled atmosphere and is necessary in the stratosphere as it filters out ultraviolet rays.
OZONE LAYER [Ozone layer] Upper atmosphere layer containing ozone, filtering harmful ultraviolet radiation. It is calculated that the ozone layer is weakened as a result of the release of CFC type chemicals into the atmosphere, which will lead to an increase in skin cancer.
Ozone: It is a molecule that contains three atoms of oxygen; It occurs naturally in the stratosphere and forms a protective shield for the earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation. In the troposphere, ozone is a chemical oxidizer, a greenhouse gas, and the essential element of the photochemical fog.
OZONOSPHERE [Ozonosphere] The ozone-containing atmosphere layer (part of the stratosphere) 20-50 kilometers above Earth.
MILLING The process of reducing solid waste to small particles.
Ground Fibers: It is the grinding of continuous glass fibers into very short glass fibers in a hammer mill.
MEASUREMENT LINE: It is the mechanism where the commercial measurement of the natural gas delivered by the Transporter or received by the Shipper is carried out after the filtering process.
MEASURING STATION: Indicates the station where the gas received for injection from the National Transmission Network or the gas supplied to the National Transmission Network after being produced back is measured for billing purposes.
MEASUREMENT TOLERANCE: It is the percentage of deviation specified by the manufacturer for any measurement equipment.
CRITERIA [Criteria] Standards or rules on which decisions or judgments are based.
KILLER DOSE 50 [LD 50 = Lethal dose 50] A single dose of a substance that will kill 50 percent of the living group to be ingested.
DEATH RATE Number of deaths in a given year per population of 1000 individuals in the middle of the year.
Pre-Forming: It is called to give the material by compressing the desired form before weighing in order to provide the exact amount of material put into the mold.
PRE-JOINING: It is the production of pre-assembly made by welding and joining steel pipes end to end in groups of 2 and 3 outside the channel in order to accelerate the production in the construction of natural gas line.
Pretreatment The process of separating certain substances from wastewater prior to primary treatment, for the treatment to be more effective.
Pre-Mix: It is a molding composition prepared before molding, containing all the components required for molding. Components that make up the premix; Includes resin, reinforcement, filler, catalyst, mold release agent and other ingredients.
PRE-PAYMENT METER: These are the meters that do not allow the passage of more than the amount of gas that is prepaid and corresponding to the price paid by loading the gas consumption price into the electronic card. These types of counters are also called “card counters” in the market.
Pre-Shaping: It is a process that involves preforming the reinforcement materials that are cut in predetermined lengths on a vacuum table, close to the size of the part to be molded.
Pre-Cambrian (Precambrian): It was formed before the Cambrian Age; approximately 600 million years ago.
KNITTING [Bradiding] River scarecrow model with many interconnected channels.
SAMPLING [Sampling] Dirty air, water, etc. Examination of the most collected samples; Refers to the collection of samples.
Degradation Time leading to the breakdown of large organic molecules into smaller molecules and stable material formation.
Cover (Seal): 1. They are impermeable rocks under or near where hydrocarbons accumulate; It is a type of rock that does not allow the passage of hydrocarbons such as shale, limestone, sandstone, salt layers or clay stone. Seal rocks are very common in all potential oil basins and areas under extreme pressure (overburden). 2. Rubber or other materials used to prevent leakage.
COVER MATERIAL [Cover material] Soil used to cover the pits, where solid waste is dumped and left.
Cover Layer (Overburden): It is the zone of layers between the pay zone and the ground surface that exerts excessive load on seal or cap rocks and reservoir formations. Their formation dates back to ~ 65 years before our time; these are soil, clays (clay), sand, dehydrated relics, rock fragments, shale, freshwater lakes and rivers, salt water pools.
COVERED ELECTRODE: It is a welding consumable material that creates the necessary electric arc for the welding process and at the same time forms the weld metal by melting itself, covered with a special chemical compound (cover), and can be manufactured in various diameters and lengths with a special alloy metal rod called core in the middle.
EUTROPHICATION [Eutrophication] The aging process that can lead to the death of lakes as a result of the lack of dissolved oxygen, with the stimulation of vegetation by excessive nutrients coming from waste.
Self purification The natural orientation of a water formation to regenerate after contamination with organic wastes.
SPECIAL DISCOUNT: It is the discount made from the income tax base in taxing real wages.
Specific heat: The amount of energy required to increase the temperature of a gram of material by one degree (Cp).
ARC WELDING WITH SPECIAL ELECTROD: The method is similar to MIG / MAG welding, but the structure of the wire electrode used is different. Although it looks like a bare wire from the outside, there is a special alloyed chemical powder (flux) inside. Shielding gas is used according to the welding conditions, because the powder (flux) in the electrode wire also acts as a protection and alloying. In this method, the welding speed and penetration depth are higher.
ASSimilative capacity Ability to convert consumed nutrients into body substances; the ability to assimilate certain substances.
O / O
O - RING: Rubber Ring is a sealing material mounted on flanges and loading arms manifold orifices.
OCS [Outer continental shelf] External continental shelf.
OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development): Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development: It is an international organization established by developed countries that have adopted the principles of free economy and democracy; origin, II. It is the Organization for European Economy Co-operation (OEEC), which was created to support the Marshall Plan implemented for the restructuring of Europe after World War II. Member countries: USA, Germany, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Netherlands, Ireland, England, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy, Iceland, Japan, Canada, Korea, Luxembourg, Hungary, Mexico, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Turkey, New Zealand, Greece.
OFFSET PRINT: The process of the point, made with the help of moistening and ink, is called offset printing. It is a printing technique that works by transferring from mold to rubber and from there to paper. The grains created by the points on the film surface, which we call the screen, on the surface of the mold are filled with inks carried by the rollers.
OFFSET PROVA: It is a type of proof made using mold, paper and ink. It is called trial printing.
Oil Shale: It is a type of rock of sedimentary origin; Ash content is> 33%, organic parts can be obtained when distilled under severe conditions. However, the yield of oil that can be obtained by extraction with solvents is low. It is estimated that up to 89% of the World Oil Shale Resources are in North America (Colorado, Utah, Wyoming) and the remaining 11% are in Africa, South America, Asia, Europe, Middle East and Oceania.
Oil Zone: It is the region where oil can be produced or the region where oil formation is located. When gas, oil and water are separated from each other in a reservoir, the oil zone is located just below the gas zone, above the water zone.
Oil: Crude oil, oil.
OXYGEN PIT [Oxygen right] Decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration in water, mostly at night, due to biological respiration; Sudden drop of dissolved oxygen in a stream due to open discharge.
Oxygen depletion [Oxygen depletion] Removal or consumption of oxygen by chemical or biological use.
Oxidation ponds are relatively shallow lagoons or ponds in which wastewater is oxygenated and treated, used for primary stage waste stabilization in wastewater treatment.
Oxidation processes Aerobic lagime water treatment processes that accelerate the biological growth of organisms in waste water, thus reducing their organic content.
OXIDER A substance containing oxygen that reacts chemically in air to form a new substance; primary source of photochemical smoke (fog).
Oxidized bitumen (oxidized bitumen): Bitumen obtained by heating bitumen in special towers and changing its properties by passing air through it.
Oxygen index: It is the minimum oxygen / nitrogen concentration required for combustion to occur.
Oxygenates: Molecules containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, such as MTBE (methyl tertiary butyl ether) or ETBE (ethyl tertiary butyl ether); It is used to increase the octane number of gasoline and to prevent the formation of harmful gases such as CO after burning in the engine.
Octane Number: A number that describes the relative knock resistance (antiknock) characteristics of gasoline; It defines how much fuel can be compressed so that it is burned simultaneously with ignition. If the compressed fuel spontaneously combines before the spark, a "knock" occurs; This means that the compression ratio applied is high for the fuel used. Octane numbers of some compounds:
Octane: Normal octane (C8H18) is a straight chain hydrocarbon; It is used as a reference fuel in determining the octane number of gasoline.
OCTANOL-WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT [Octanol-water pattition coefficient] The coefficient expressing the dissolution rate of chemical substances in organic and inorganic phases.
Probable Reserves: Probable reserves are classified as unproven reserves; are additional or additional reserves. The accuracy of the estimated recoverable amount is lower than the proven reserves. The actual amount of production is greater than or equal to the estimated proven + possible reserves.
Olefin Fiber: They are fibers produced from polymer containing at least 85% ethylene, propylene or other olefin units; does not contain amorphous rubbery polymers.
Olefin: A group of unsaturated hydrocarbons with a carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n.
OLGUN KENT [Mature city] The city, whose population and economic activity has reached the maximum level, is in need of preserving its status and planned downsizing rather than growing.
Maturation (Thickening): It refers to the viscosity and consistency of HKB pulp or HKB pulp that can be used in production.
OLIGOTROPHIC LAKES [Oligotrophic lakes] Lakes with low nutrient levels, large amounts of dissolved oxygen in deep water, clear cold water and limited plant life.
Oligomer: Molecules formed by the combination of a small number of monomers such as 2, 3 and 4; Names such as dimers, trimers, tetramers are given.
Formation (Formation): It is a term used to describe a specific layer of the earth's crust, or a specific area of a layer. The formation is mostly used for rocky area where an oil reservoir is located.
Formation Fluid: It is gas, oil or water found in underground formations.
Formation Gas: It is the gas initially produced from an underground reservoir.
OM [Oxidazable matter] Oxidizable substance.
OMEGA: They are "U" shaped bends to absorb the expansion of the pipeline depending on the temperature.
SHOULDER: The sloping part of the bottle or jar between the neck and the body.
TEN USERS: Real or legal persons who have signed an agreement with the Transporter Supplier in order to purchase and / or use the natural gas drawn by the Shipper at any Exit Point.
ONCOGENIC [Oncogenic] Carcinogenic, carcinogenic.
OPACITY: It is the feature of not showing the print on one side of the paper on the other side.
OPEC (ORGANIZATION of PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES): Used to describe the organization of oil exporting countries. The most important of OPEC's founding goals is to stabilize oil prices in the world. It was formed with the participation of 11 developing countries. (United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Indonesia, Iraq, Iran, Qatar, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela)
OPEC: (The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries: In 1960, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Established with the participation of Venezuela, the number of members increased to eleven with the participation of eight countries (Qatar, Indonesia, Libya, United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Nigeria) by 1962. The center, which had been in Genoa (Switzerland) for the first five years from its establishment, was transferred to Vienna (Austria) in 1965. Two oil (price) crises occurred in the twenty years after its establishment; The Arab oil embargo in 1973 and the Iranian Revolution in 1979. Rising oil prices started to decline in the early 1980s. But the turmoil in the Middle East created the third oil crisis in 1986 and the fourth in early 1990. A determined price policy was experienced until 1998, when the crises in oil prices were balanced with the increase in production of non-OECD countries.
OPERATIONAL FLOW ORDER (OAE): It means the order given to any Service User by the Storage Company.
OPTIMUM POPULATION [Optimum population] The ideal population density that allows the highest possible income per person in the population.
Optimization: The work that will provide the highest economic gain from a unit or a complex of units.
PROPORTIONAL CONTROLLED VALVE: It is the valve that sends the gas going to the burner combustion chamber and the last burner in appropriate proportions.
Organic Waste: Animal or vegetable waste materials.
Organic carbon: It is the carbon in carbonaceous compounds contained in the sugars formed by photosynthesis and the carbonaceous compounds contained in animals and other organisms that eat plants growing with carbohydrates.
Organic: Substances originating from plant and animal life and substances originating from hydrocarbons produced naturally or synthetically.
ORGANOPHOSPHATES [Organophosphates] Short-lived agrochemicals such as malathion and parathion, containing phosphorus, used in insect control.
ORIFICE METER: It is a gas measurement system that works with the method of difference in pressures taken from the front and back of a hole plate lowered into the pipe.
Original Resources: It is the 'estimated' amount of crude oil originally found in the earth's crust through natural accumulation. Original sources fall into two groups; discovered and undeveloped resources; each of these are subclassified into recoverable and unrecoverable resources.
FOREST ORGANIZATION [Afforestation] Forest cultivation or improvement of existing ones.
FORESTRY [Forestry] Management of forests and forest land to ensure the most efficient use of resources.
Deforestation The destruction of trees and bushes to gain arable soil or timber.
MIDDLE TONE: A photo or image is the screen value between 30% and 70%.
MEDIUM DENSITY PE: It is a polyethylene pipe material with a density between 0.926 and 0.940 gr / cm³. (Interest: Low Density PE, High Density PE)
COMMON CENTERNESS: The feature of concentricity of circles and cylindrical shapes with different diameters.
AVERAGE LIFE HOPE [Life expectancy] The expected life span of an organism.
ENVIRONMENT [Ambient] The surrounding atmosphere is the environment of a particular place.
AMBIENT NOISE [Ambient noise] Background noise in a certain environment.
AMBIENT AIR [Ambient air] The zone of uncertain boundaries occupied by the surrounding atmosphere; the air we breathe.
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE: It is the atmospheric temperature in the measured environment. Its unit is degrees Celsius.
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE ERROR: It is the change in controlled temperature as a result of the changes in the temperature of the parts of a thermostat other than the sensor element.
AMBIENT PRESSURE: Absolute pressure of the medium in which the device is located in mass flow control devices.
Environment: Environmental conditions surrounding us, such as pressure, temperature, or relative humidity.
OSINOGRAPHY [Oceanography] Scientific investigation and research of oceans and seas from all aspects.
HERBIVOROUS; OTCHIL [Herbivore] Heterotrophic organism that provides energy by consuming plants.
AUTOGENIC SEQUENCE [Autogenic succession] A sequential sequence that replaces one stage with another, while at the same time superseding the living environment.
Autoclave Molding: The whole mold from the depositing or wrapping process is placed inside the heated autoclave. The pressure used is generally between 3.5-7 bar. The greater the pressure, the higher the product density and the easier removal of volatile gases from the resin.
Autoclave: It is a closed container used to advance and complete a chemical reaction or for any process under heat and pressure.
AUTO-COPY PAPERS: Autocopy papers, also known as micro capsule coated paper, are known as self-copying papers. Micro capsules filled with ink that we cannot see with our eyes are plastered on one side of the paper. When the other side of the paper is pressed with a hard object (like a pencil), the micro capsule bursts and the same image passes on the lower paper surface. It is used in jobs with multiple copies such as invoices and dispatches. Available in CB, CFB, CF grades.
AUTOMATIC BURNER: It is a burner system operated with a full or semi-automatic control system.
AUTOMATIC BLEEDING VALVE: It is a group of water pipes and pipe connections fed from the central heating unit.
AUTOMATIC CUTTER: It is the device that is used to turn off the main burner after the pre-setting time appropriate for the burning of the previously specified amount of gas.
AUTOMATIC REACTIVATION: It is the automatic repetition of the startup processes after the safety shutdown, without any manual intervention.
AUTOMATIC VALVE: It is the gas control valve operating according to the pressure difference created by the water flowing through an orifice or venturi pipe in water heaters.
AUTOMATIC RE-IGNITER: It is a spark plug designed to ignite the burner by activating the re-ignition sequence if the burner flame goes out for any reason.
AUTOMOTIVE EMISSIONS [Automotive emissions] Pollution from vehicles; Evaporation, crankcase leak and exhaust emissions from fuel tank or carburetors.
AUTOTROPHES (SELF-FOODS) [Autotrophs] Self-feeding creatures that produce their own food by holding solar energy and converting it into chemical energy to form molecular structures such as sugar, starch, protein, fat and vitamins; photosynthetic plants.
OTSP: Organized Wholesale DG Sales Market.
OVERPRINT: As a word it means "do not undercut", in other words "step on it". In color separation, different colored floors under an object marked as an overprint are filled as soon as it is emptied. Therefore, an object with an overprint should have a color dark enough to cover the colors underneath. For example, the overprint command is given in colors that will generally use covering inks such as black and gold-silver gilding. Because black is the darkest color and no matter what color is under it, black areas will still appear black. Likewise, there is no need to undercut in the colors in which the covering inks will be used, as they will not interact with the underlying color.
OZALITE: Proof made before printing in order to see the mistakes made during assembly. Generally blue photographic print proof shaped with ammonia.
OZONE [Ozone] The reactive, toxic form of oxygen produced by electrical discharge and radiation passing through oxygen. It can be irritating in the inhaled atmosphere and is necessary in the stratosphere as it filters out ultraviolet rays.
OZONE LAYER [Ozone layer] Upper atmosphere layer containing ozone, filtering harmful ultraviolet radiation. It is calculated that the ozone layer is weakened as a result of the release of CFC type chemicals into the atmosphere, which will lead to an increase in skin cancer.
Ozone: It is a molecule that contains three atoms of oxygen; It occurs naturally in the stratosphere and forms a protective shield for the earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation. In the troposphere, ozone is a chemical oxidizer, a greenhouse gas, and the essential element of the photochemical fog.
OZONOSPHERE [Ozonosphere] The ozone-containing atmosphere layer (part of the stratosphere) 20-50 kilometers above Earth.
MILLING The process of reducing solid waste to small particles.
Ground Fibers: It is the grinding of continuous glass fibers into very short glass fibers in a hammer mill.
MEASUREMENT LINE: It is the mechanism where the commercial measurement of the natural gas delivered by the Transporter or received by the Shipper is carried out after the filtering process.
MEASURING STATION: Indicates the station where the gas received for injection from the National Transmission Network or the gas supplied to the National Transmission Network after being produced back is measured for billing purposes.
MEASUREMENT TOLERANCE: It is the percentage of deviation specified by the manufacturer for any measurement equipment.
CRITERIA [Criteria] Standards or rules on which decisions or judgments are based.
KILLER DOSE 50 [LD 50 = Lethal dose 50] A single dose of a substance that will kill 50 percent of the living group to be ingested.
DEATH RATE Number of deaths in a given year per population of 1000 individuals in the middle of the year.
Pre-Forming: It is called to give the material by compressing the desired form before weighing in order to provide the exact amount of material put into the mold.
PRE-JOINING: It is the production of pre-assembly made by welding and joining steel pipes end to end in groups of 2 and 3 outside the channel in order to accelerate the production in the construction of natural gas line.
Pretreatment The process of separating certain substances from wastewater prior to primary treatment, for the treatment to be more effective.
Pre-Mix: It is a molding composition prepared before molding, containing all the components required for molding. Components that make up the premix; Includes resin, reinforcement, filler, catalyst, mold release agent and other ingredients.
PRE-PAYMENT METER: These are the meters that do not allow the passage of more than the amount of gas that is prepaid and corresponding to the price paid by loading the gas consumption price into the electronic card. These types of counters are also called “card counters” in the market.
Pre-Shaping: It is a process that involves preforming the reinforcement materials that are cut in predetermined lengths on a vacuum table, close to the size of the part to be molded.
Pre-Cambrian (Precambrian): It was formed before the Cambrian Age; approximately 600 million years ago.
KNITTING [Bradiding] River scarecrow model with many interconnected channels.
SAMPLING [Sampling] Dirty air, water, etc. Examination of the most collected samples; Refers to the collection of samples.
Degradation Time leading to the breakdown of large organic molecules into smaller molecules and stable material formation.
Cover (Seal): 1. They are impermeable rocks under or near where hydrocarbons accumulate; It is a type of rock that does not allow the passage of hydrocarbons such as shale, limestone, sandstone, salt layers or clay stone. Seal rocks are very common in all potential oil basins and areas under extreme pressure (overburden). 2. Rubber or other materials used to prevent leakage.
COVER MATERIAL [Cover material] Soil used to cover the pits, where solid waste is dumped and left.
Cover Layer (Overburden): It is the zone of layers between the pay zone and the ground surface that exerts excessive load on seal or cap rocks and reservoir formations. Their formation dates back to ~ 65 years before our time; these are soil, clays (clay), sand, dehydrated relics, rock fragments, shale, freshwater lakes and rivers, salt water pools.
COVERED ELECTRODE: It is a welding consumable material that creates the necessary electric arc for the welding process and at the same time forms the weld metal by melting itself, covered with a special chemical compound (cover), and can be manufactured in various diameters and lengths with a special alloy metal rod called core in the middle.
EUTROPHICATION [Eutrophication] The aging process that can lead to the death of lakes as a result of the lack of dissolved oxygen, with the stimulation of vegetation by excessive nutrients coming from waste.
Self purification The natural orientation of a water formation to regenerate after contamination with organic wastes.
SPECIAL DISCOUNT: It is the discount made from the income tax base in taxing real wages.
Specific heat: The amount of energy required to increase the temperature of a gram of material by one degree (Cp).
ARC WELDING WITH SPECIAL ELECTROD: The method is similar to MIG / MAG welding, but the structure of the wire electrode used is different. Although it looks like a bare wire from the outside, there is a special alloyed chemical powder (flux) inside. Shielding gas is used according to the welding conditions, because the powder (flux) in the electrode wire also acts as a protection and alloying. In this method, the welding speed and penetration depth are higher.
ASSimilative capacity Ability to convert consumed nutrients into body substances; the ability to assimilate certain substances.
P
P&ID (PIPE AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM): Piping and Instrumentation diagrams or schematic representation of instrument and control (automation) equipment used in the field.
Pa (Pascal): SI is the unit of pressure; Pa = N / m2
PA: Polyamide (nylon, thermoplastic)
PA: Polyamide
PA: Polyamide; Called nylon
Chamfer: Curved cut edge. 8 cm x 8 cm wide and 45 ° C inclined bevel should be applied to such joints in order to ensure that the bending of the waterproofing cover to be bonded on sharply joined vertical and horizontal structural elements is soft. (for example roof floor and parapet joints)
PAH: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Chamfering: Refers to the process of sharpening an edge so that a curved surface is obtained.
PAKET TREATMENT PLANT [Package treatment plant] Prefabricated, portable, sewage treatment plant. PARATION [Parathion] Extremely toxic organophosphate agriculture medicine.
Pale Oil: Straight is mineral naphthenic oil; It is light yellow, medium viscosity index.
PAN: Polyacrylonitrile
PANTONE: The catalog produced by Pantone company that creates the standard colors of the printing world.
Paraffin: Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons with general formula CnH2n + 2; like methane, ethane, etc. Heavy or high molecular weight paraffin hydrocarbons (eg, C18H38) have the appearance of wax; these are called paraffin.
PARAPET: Balcony, terrace, bridge etc. are the railing walls.
Part: The finished product you are making.
PARTICULATE MATERIAL [Particulate matter] Particles such as solid or liquid, dust, sand, ash and fog, suspended or invisible in gas or air.
PARISON: Extruded hot plastic tube to be placed in high density polyethylene to be blown into a bottle or other shape.
Brightness: It is the smoothness and light reflection feature on the surface. It is the measure of the gloss in the material.
Batch: A certain amount of a material that is shaped in the same process or in a continuous process and has the same properties throughout the process.
RUST CLEANING [Scaling] Removal of layers of rust to stop corrosion on a surface exposed to oxidizers or other corrosive substances.
PAS: Polyarylsulphone
EXPLOSION RATE: Describes the speed of the flame spreading at the time of explosion. Although the speed of the flame spread depends on the pressure of the gas-air mixture, it is around 10,000 m / sec.
EXPLOSION: It is an uncontrolled burning event that may occur when flammable gases are in a certain mixture ratio with air.
EXPLOSIVE GAS MIXTURE: When flammable gases mix with bava in a certain ratio range, they show explosion property. This mixture is called explosive gas mixture. Mixing of natural gas with air between 4.5 - 14.5% carries the risk of explosion.
PBT: Polybuteneterephthalate (thermoplastic)
PBT: Polybutylene terephthalate
PC: Polycarbonate (thermoplastic)
PC: Polycarbonate
PCBs [Polychlorinated bipheyls] Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PCC [Pollution control costs] Pollution control activities.
PCIM: Particle-foam Composite Injection Molding
PCTFE: Polychlorotrifluoroethylene
PDR [Precision depth recorder] Precision depth recorder.
PE (POLYETHYLENE) PIPELINE: It is a part of the pipe network formed by PE pipes and fittings, control devices and valves, which are installed underground to carry natural gas and oil, operating at maximum 4 bar operating pressure.
PE CONNECTION ELEMENT: They are joining elements manufactured by injection molding, shaping, transfer molding, extrusion or processing and fabrication methods with the same physical and chemical properties as the pipe used in connecting PE pipes to each other, changing diameter, branch separations, connecting valves and similar elements to the pipe. . (interest: TS 4783, TS 7483) Fasteners; They are designed to be mounted in the butt-fused, electro-fusion-welded, plug-in (socket) type.
PE PIPE (POLIETILEN): It is a type of pipe manufactured from PE material by extrusion method. There is a ratio between the outer diameter of the pipe and its wall thickness. (Relevant standard: TS 7483) - (Interest: Standard Size Ratio)
PE: Polyethylene
PE: Polyethylene (thermoplastic)
PE: Polyethylene
PEEK: Polyether etherketone (semi-crystalline thermoplastic)
PEEK: Polyetheretherketone
PEI: Polyetherimide
PEK: Polyetherketone
Pelleting: It is the process of turning the polymer in powder form into pellets (small pellets) as it is or after the addition of additives; The polymer is melted in an extruder, the strips coming out of a die are cut with knives in an aqueous environment.
PENETRAMETER: It is a mechanism that includes a series of elements whose thicknesses are graded and having a composition similar to the material to be examined, enabling to measure the image quality to be obtained in the radiographic examination method. These elements are generally wires or assemblies consisting of perforated stages (steps). (Ref: Radiographic Examination)
PENETRATION: See… Penetration
Penetration: 1. Penetration, penetration, 2. Intersection of a wellbore with a reservoir.
PEP [Program evaluation procedures] Program evaluation processes.
PERFORMANCE: It is the process of opening small holes in order on the printed material for tearing, folding or post-production uses (tear-off). It is a process that can be performed with printing on offset machines with perforation parts. .
Perforation: It is the hole drilled in the casing, cement and formation so that the oil can flow into the well cavity.
Permeability: Permeability.
PEROXACETIL NITRAT [Peroxyacetyl nitrate] is a photochemical smoke component that is considered a secondary pollutant and causes eye irritation.
Peroxide: It is a group of compounds containing the O2 ion; For example, they are used as initiators in high pressure and free radical polymerization reactions (such as benzoyl peroxide).
PES: Polyether sulfone.
PESTICIDES [Pesticides] Human-made chemicals used to destroy harmful plants and animals. Some pesticides, such as insecticidal, defoliating and rodenticides, may pose a threat to human activities or general health.
Pestil: It refers to the plates that are formed by clipping the glass fiber and squeezing it between two films together with the polyester slurry, which are generally named as HKB pulp.
PET: Polyethylene terephthalate
PET: Polyethylene terephthalate.
PETP: Poly (ethylene terephthalate).
PETROL PIPELINE: These are steel casting or polyethylene lines of various diameters and pressures that take the oil from its source and carry it to the storage or loading point.
OIL SPILL [Oil Spill] The layer or area created by large quantities of crude oil spilled into the sea during crude oil transport by tankers or in accidents that may occur on bottom drilling platforms. (See oil pollution)
Petroleum Ether: High volatility, narrow boiling range at special boiling ranges (such as 40-60 0C, 60-80 0C); are products; It can be used in the extraction of foodstuffs or in various laboratory studies, etc.
PETROL GASIFICATION: It is the process of converting petroleum to gas to be used as fuel.
OIL POLLUTION [Oil pollution] Oil pollution of coastal waters and areas as a result of major spillage or leakage during the transportation or extraction of oil. This type of contamination leads to bird deaths, crustacean contamination and deterioration of coastal areas.
Oil Odor: A mixture of non-volatile substances, metals and most of the sulfur compounds in the raw material, the quality of which varies according to the oil reserves and refineries. Look: Coke, Oil Fragrance.
Oil Well: It is a well where oil is produced.
Oil Reserves; 3P: The sum of proven + Possible + Possible reserves.
Oil Boundary: The area covered by the oil formation where an oil-producing well is located; If all three fluids (gas, oil, water) are present in the formation, the oil field is usually located below the gas zone and above the water zone.
OIL SLICK Relatively small amounts of oil at the water surface caused by the activities of ships in ports.
Petroleum Products: Products obtained from crude oil, natural gas and other hydrocarbons.
PETROL: It is the general name of all hydrocarbons that contain natural gas, crude oil and other hydrocarbon gases. The word petroleum is derived from the Latin words oil, oleum and petra.
Petroleum: It is a mixture of natural, yellow to black, viscous and flammable hydrocarbons; located underground; Natural gas, gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, fuel and lubricating oils, paraffin waxes and a wide variety of products are obtained by applying various processes. Its main components are hydrocarbons, it contains various amounts of sulfur, nitrogen and oxygenated hydrocarbon derivatives, it is an inhomogeneous mixture. It may also contain dissolved gases and small amounts of metallic compounds.
Petrolatum: It is a product obtained from petroleum and in a microcrystalline structure with a jelly-like appearance.
Petroleum-in-Place: It is the total amount of oil that is estimated to be originally found in natural reservoirs.
FLASH POINT OF PETROL: It is the lowest temperature at which the part of petroleum and its derivatives, which evaporates and mixes with air, can ignite.
FLAVORABILITY OF OIL: It is the tendency of an oil or product to release gas. It is described by the vapor pressure.
LANDSCAPE ARRANGEMENT The art and work of enhancing the vegetation by arranging other natural or human-made elements for the use of natural landscape people.
PFA: Perfluoro alkoxy alkane.
pH: A number defining acidity or alkalinity; The logarithm (based on base 10) is calculated as 1 / concentration of hydrogen ions in solution.
PI: Polyimide.
PIG [Pig] Metal container, usually made of course, for transporting or storing radioactive material by ships.
PIG STATION: It is a station built to perform PIG operations on steel pipelines. There are PIG launcher and PIG receiving (Pig Receiver) heads in the station. (Reference: PIG (Pipeline Inspection Gauge)
PIG HANDLE: It is the place used to remove the pig equipment from the line after it has finished its duty.
PIG SCREYPER: It is a cleaning device that can easily pass through pipe elbows in order to sweep the debris that will occur on the inner surface of the pipe due to flow in the pipelines that are commissioned. Interest: PIG (Pipeline Inspection Gauge)
PIG: Abbreviation for Pipeline Inspection Gauge in English. These are the equipment manufactured in a cross-section suitable for the inner diameter of the pipe in order to clean the pipeline, to control deformation or to prevent mixing of the conveyed material. There are many steel or sponge-based varieties to suit the intended use. Pig Operation is performed at the pig launcher and pig receiving stations on the pipeline. If there is gas in the pig pipeline applied, it is shifted with oil if there is gas and oil. (Ref: PIG Station)
PIG: It is a robotic substance called pig, it travels through the pipeline and collects data. Smart PIGs detect corrosion and defects on pipe inner walls, measure pipe inner diameter, clean deposits collected in pipe and perform other tasks. PIG takes thousands of sensor measurements as it travels through the pipeline; these are then analyzed with computers and compared with previous data. Advances in these technologies have facilitated the control of pipelines and increased their reliability.
Coagulation A physico-chemical pretreatment process. Here, by adding iron (III) chloride, aluminum sulphate solutions to the waste water, dissolved or colloidal substances are transformed into floating and precipitating solids.
PILE [Pile] A kind of nuclear reactor.
PIM: Powder injection molding
PIREKTIN [Pyrethin] Aerosol insecticide often used in agriculture.
PIROLIZ [Pyrolysis] Burning of waste under the influence of heat in the absence of oxygen.
Pigment: It refers to the chemical substance that gives color.
PIGMENT: It constitutes the essence of the paint. It gives its original color. It is used in paint production by combining with various varnish and filling materials.
PEAK LOAD: It is the name given to the maximum load produced or consumed by a unit within a specified period of time.
PIXEL: The point made by a computer, scanner or other digital device.
PILYAJ: Files, brochures, magazines etc. It is a process performed on machines with pedal, boiler or tongs using a special knife. The thickness of the blade is achieved by adjusting both the millimeter thickness given to the blade and the force.
Pinchout: (Pinching): A trap formed near the top of the reservoir when a layer of reservoir rock (porous) ends suddenly and is covered by an impermeable layer such as shale or salt rock that does not allow any flow; At the top, the reservoir thickness drops to zero.
Pinnacle (Hill) Reef (Reef): It is a conical formation where hydrocarbons can be kept, generally in limestone composition, with a height larger than its width.
Pipe Line: Pipeline.
Pyrolysis Gasoline: It is produced from various units in refineries and petrochemical plants (such as debutanizer bottom, furnace resistance system, cracked gas condensates, steam cracking) and contains gasoline components and large amounts of aromatic compounds (such as styrene, ethyl benzene, o-xylene, phenyl acetylene, cumene) it is a mixed product. Pyrolysis gasoline contains 40% benzene, 20% toluene, 4% xylenes and 3% ethyl benzene by weight.
Pyrolysis: It is chemical decomposition that takes place under temperature in an environment without oxygen.
Pyrometer: It is a thermometer used to measure high temperatures. A simple pyrometer has a thermocouple; its temperature is touched on the material to be measured and the voltage output is read on a digital or analog display. The indicator is calibrated to a 0C or 0F scale. Thermocouples are very diverse, measuring from −200 0C to above 1500 0C.
PISTON COMPRESSOR: Piston compressors work according to the positive displacement principle and are used to compress all technical gases. It can generate high compression pressures up to 2000 bar. Reciprocating Compressors are available as single-cylinder or multi-cylinder as well as single-stage or multi-stage compressors.
PK: Polyketone.
PLA: Polymerized Lactic Acid, Polylactide is a corn-based material produced by NatureWorks® that needs less energy to form a plastic container mold.It can go into a wide variety of bottles, containers, trays, films and other packaging forms. 68 uses less fossil fuels and is the world's first Greenhouse-gas-neutral polymer.
PLANKTON [Plankton] Very small animals and plants that live in the waters of the sea, rivers, ponds and lakes and are carried by streams.
PLASTIFIER: A set in which the polymer grains are fed through a trough and pushed strongly into the barrel where they are melted. The molten polymers are then discharged out of the barrel with a hose.
Plasticizer: It is a material that increases the flexibility, tensile properties and workability of the plastic by adding it into the plastic.
Plastic Deformation: It is the permanent dimensional change of an object under load that cannot regain its former properties when the load is removed, in contrast to its elastic deformation.
PLASTIC MEMORY: The tendency of plastics to revert to their original molded state
Plastic Memory: The tendency of a thermoplastic material that is stretched under heat to return to its original size that is not stretched until it is reheated.
Plastic: It is a fluid and formable material whose main input is large molecular weight organic polymers, containing additives such as hardeners, fillers, reinforcements, the finished form is solid, and can be processed at some stages of production or for the finished product.
Plastic: high molecular weight highly durable materials; when heated and molded under pressure, they soften; plastics are organic substances; The raw material is processed as it is polymer or with the addition of some additives and transformed into various molding products in sheet, bar tube, sheet, profile or extruder. The polymer pellets can be in the form of sheet or molding mix, powder or liquid resin, or latex.
PLASTICIZER: A material that is added to increase flexibility during the manufacturing phase.
Plasticizer: Compounds used to reduce the melt viscosity of a polymer and to change its physical properties (such as increasing its flexibility and softness). The most effective plasticizers are those whose solubility parameters are closest to those of the polymer to be mixed. Some plasticizers widely used in the plastics industry are dioctyl (DPO), diisooctyl phthalate (DIOP), phthalate, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), dioctyl sebacate (DOS).
Plastomeric bitumen: Bitumen modified with polyolefin compounds.
Platforming Process: It is a catalytic conversion process; Benzene, toluene and xylenes are obtained from naphtha or pyrolysis gasoline.
Platforming: Catalytic reforming process in which the hydrogenation-dehydrogenation catalyst is platinum (Pt).
PLUTONIUM [Plutonium] The element that is generated during nuclear power generation and that causes the generation of toxic waste with a long half-life.
PM: Indicates particulate or particulate matter; For example, PM2.5 are substances with a particle size of 2.5 microns or less. These substances are sulphate and nitrate aerosols formed by carbon particles and SO2 and NOx in the atmosphere. In environmental standards, PM10 is interpreted in two groups as smaller than 10 microns and PM2.5,2.5 microns. (For a comparison, human hair is 50-100 microns thick.)
PM: Polymethylpentene.
PMMA: POLYMETHYLMETAACRYLATE (PLEXIGLASS)
PMMA: Polymethyl methacrylate (thermoplastic)
PMMA: Polymethyl methacrylate.
PMP: Polymethylpentene.
PNEUMATIC TEST: It is the test in which air is generally used as the test fluid in lines with operating pressure less than 5 bar.
Pneumatics: It refers to the technology related to the transmission, control and use of power through pressurized gases.
Poisson Ratio: It is the ratio of the change in the cross-sectional area to the change in axial length due to the tension or stress applied along the axis.
Polar Compound: They are chemical compounds with one end of their molecules being electrically positive and the other being negatively charged; For example, linear molecules (CO), molecules containing a single hydrogen (HCl), molecules with a hydroxyl group at one end, oxygen and nitrogen (C2H5OH, H2O, NH3) are polar compounds. Most hydrocarbons are non-polar.
Polar Winding: Instead of mold, fiber winding head is mobile. As the fibers are placed at a specified angle to the mold surface in the axial direction, the mold rotates one step on its axis. Fleece wrappers generally operate in vertical position so that the fiber insertion lever can move freely.
POLARIZATION: It is the change in electrode potential as a result of current flowing through an electrode. The potential difference between the potential of a polarized electrode and the potential difference measured immediately after the current is cut off is also called the polarization shift. (Interest: Cathodic Protection)
POLIETHYLENE (PE): It is a plastic based material obtained by polymerization of ethylene under certain temperature and pressure. Due to its mechanical properties and ease of installation, its use as pipe and fitings material is rapidly spreading, especially in the natural gas sector. It is offered to the market in two colors, yellow and black. PUMP: It is the machine that gives kinetic or potential energy to the liquid fluid it absorbs with the mechanical energy given to it.
POLYCLORINE BIFENILLERS [PCBs = Polychlorinated bipheyls] Extremely durable class of toxic industrial chemicals used in the production of various products from insulating fluids to plastic in electrical transformers; It is found especially in water formations.
POLIVINIL KLORID [PVC = Polyvinyl chloride] Plastic or resin that emits hydrochloric acid and is widely used in household items such as furniture and clothing.
Poly (vinyl chloride), PVC: It is a thermoplastic; of vinyl chloride (CH2CHCl). It is obtained by polymerization.
Polyacrylic: Thermoplastic resins obtained from acrylic acid and its derivatives; For example, polyacrylonitrile produced from acrylonitrile.
Polyalphaolefins: The most used synthetic lubricant oil, obtained by combining two or more alpha-olefin (such as ethylene or butylene) molecules into an oligomer or a short chain polymer.
Polyalkylene Glycols (PAG): They are synthetic oils; are polymers of alkylene oxides. Lubrication performances and properties vary depending on the monomers from which they are produced. In addition, their properties vary due to their molecular weights and end groups in polymer chains.
Polyamide film: Usually laminated (combined) with PE is used because it does not adhere to heat.
Polyamide: They are nylons; these are derived from different monomers depending on their type. Their molecular structure is very smooth, so they are resistant to high tensions. For example, Nylon 6 is produced by ring opening polymerization of caprolactam.
Polybutadiene (BR): It is a synthetic rubber also called butadiene rubber; It is generally used to gain better properties by mixing with other synthetic rubbers. Cis-polybutadiene:
Polybutene: Polymers derived from isobutene, butene-1 and butene-2 monomers; Depending on the molecular weight, liquid form such as oil, adhesive wax, crystalline wax and rubbery solid state can be produced.
Polyester felt (polyester felt): A non-woven flat cover consisting of endless polyester threads combined with needling and chemical binders.
Polyester, Unsaturated (UP): They are polyesters that contain unsaturated groups in their polymeric chains, so they can be easily cured; It is usually cured with solvent effect styrene.
Polyester: Polyester films (Pet)
Polyester: These are polymers whose structural units are bonded with ester groups.
Polyether: They are polymers containing ether linkages; reactive hydroxyl end groups. Polyethers are used in polyurethane technology.
Polyethylene, Low Density (LDPE): It is a polymers containing branched chains; It is obtained by polymerization of ethylene at high pressure. Its density is generally in the range of 0.910-0.925 g / cm3.
Polyethylene, Linear Low Density (LLDPE): These are polymers with low branching degree, whose density is generally between 0.900-0.939 g / cm3.
Polyethylene, Medium Density (MDPE): These are polymers whose density usually varies between 0.926-0.940 g / cm3.
Polyethylene, High Density (HDPE): These are polymers produced with low pressure process and special catalysts (Ti or Cr based); It contains linear (linear) chains. It has a high density (usually 0.926-0.940 g / cm3 and a high melting point.
Polyethylene: It is a thermoplastic film that is formed by the polymerization of ethylene gas under high pressure and under temperature. It is a cheap and transparent film used in the packaging and printing industry.
Polyglycols: Polymers produced from ethylene oxide or propylene oxide; They are used as synthetic oil base stocks. Hydrolytic stability is very good, viscosity index (VI) is high, volatility is low.
Polyisoprene: Also called isoprene rubber (IR); it is the synthetic version of natural rubber. It can be used instead of natural rubber or mixed with natural rubber.
Polycarbonates (PC): Engineering resins, obtained by reacting aromatic difunctional phenols with phosgene or aromatic (or aliphatic) carbonic acid diester. For example, polycarbonates produced from bisphenol A [2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenol) -propane] and diphenyl carbonate are products of high commercial value; It is slightly yellow, transparent and smooth, its electrical properties are outstanding, its impact force is very high.
Polyketone: High molecular weight organic compounds containing a carbonyl functional group (C = O) bonded to two alkyl groups.
Polychloroprene (CR): It is a polymer obtained by polymerization of 2-Chlorobutadiene; soft chloroprene rubber (by vulcanization) is resistant to aging, weather conditions, abrasion and chemicals, its resistance to oils is moderate.
Polymer: It includes high molecular weight organic compounds, natural or synthetic products.
Polymer: They are large organic molecules formed by small molecules called monomers coming together in regular structures.
Polymerization Initiator: It is an additive that helps polymerization of a monomer; For example, organic peroxides are used as initiators of free radical polymerization.
Polymerization: It is a chemical reaction that works by combining monomer molecules to form a molecular weight in multiples of their own molecular weight. The polymerization reaction involving two or more monomers is called copolymerization.
Polymerization: It is the process of combining monomer molecules through addition or condensation to form long chains or three-dimensional network structures; reactions run through a wide variety of mechanisms.
Polyolefin: It is a group of polymers produced from olefin monomers such as ethylene, propylene, butylene and isoprene; polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, polyisoprene.
Polypropylene (PP): It is obtained by polymerization of high purity propylene (CH2-CH CH3) with organometallic catalysts at low pressure and temperatures; The melting point of isotactic polypropylene is around 160 ° C.
Polypropylene fabric (jute): Fabric obtained by weaving polypropylene strips in width and length.
Polypropylene: Cast PP film occurs after the base resin is reinforced with various additives, just like PE.
Polycyclic Aromatics (PCA, or PAH): They are very heavy aromatic structures that are soluble in DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), they have carcinogenic effects. Environmental protection regulations do not allow products with more than 3% PCA. (DMSO: C2H6OS, M.g. 78.13 g / mol). Examples,
Polystyrene: It is thermoplastic; It is obtained by polymerization of styrene.
Polyurethane: It is a thermoset resin prepared by the polymerization reaction of diisocyanates and polyols, polyamides, alkyd polymers and polyethers.
Polyurethanes: It is obtained by polymerization of polyols and isocyanates with catalysis and in the presence of an activating compound. Polyurethanes are elastic like rubber, durable and long-lasting plastics like metals.
Polyvenyl chloride (PVC): PVC film obtained from polymerization of vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride monomers has an odorless, transparent, elastic, and thermoplastic structure.
Polyvinyl acetate: Engineering resins; It is obtained by polymerization of vinyl acetate (ethylene + acetic acid).
Polyol Ester: They are synthetic oil bases; They are obtained by the reaction of petroleum-based polyols (such as glycol) with fatty acids. Its oxidation stability is very good at high temperature, its volatility is low. Pour points are between -30 to –70 0C, viscosity indices are between 120-160.
POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE (PET) POLYESTER: The most common thermoplastic polyester. PET is a hard, strong and dimensionally stable material and absorbs very little water. It has good alcohol, solvent and gas barriers and chemical resistance. It also has good barrier properties against oil. and it is solid and naturally crystalline transparent.
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET): Polyethylene Terephthalate is a strong, lightweight plastic resin and is a form of polyester that resembles glass in clarity and takes paint well. PET, with its strong wall properties against water vapor, aqueous acids, gases, oils and alcohol, is generally used in food packaging. it is also break resistant, flexible and easy to recycle.
Polypropylene (PP): Polypropylene is used in many applications such as food packaging, textile, laboratory equipment, automotive components, polymer banknotes.As a rare feature, it is resistant to most chemicals, bases and acids. It is much less fragile than HDPE. so many plastic supports; flip-top bottles are made of this material.
Polystyrene (PS): Polystyrene comes in many shapes and forms, from egg cartons to meat trays, from soup bowls to salad bowls. It protects against moisture and maintains its shape and strength over a long period of time.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): Polyvinyl Chloride is a widely used plastic. PVC containers offer transparency, durability and chemical resistance. Primarily used in soaps, cleaners, chemical and personal care products in household products. preferred in the industry.
POM [Particulate organic matter] Organic matter in particle form.
POM: Polyoxymethylene (polyacetal)
POM: Polyoxymethylene (Acetal)
PUMP STATION: These are stations built in certain regions used for pressurizing the oil transported in the oil pipeline.
PUMPING STATION [Pumping station] The station that provides the energy required for the transfer of water or lagim water to a higher quota in the drinking water supply or sewage system.
Pumpability: Low temperature, low shear, stress-shear (relaxation) speed of an oil is a parameter that includes viscosity properties together; It ensures that the oil can easily flow through the engine oil pump and that the moving parts are lubricated sufficiently.
PONA: Paraffin, olefin, naphtene, aromatic.
Porosity: Porosity is the ratio between the pore volume in the reservoir rock and the total volume of the rock. The spaces between sediment grains in sedimentary rocks are called pore. Permeability defines the channels that allow the passage of oil from one pore to another by connecting the pores in the rock to each other; that is, it controls the volume of hydrocarbons that can be taken from the trap.
PORTRAIT: It is the vertical use of paper.
POSA [Tailings] Waste or residue of raw materials separated during the processing of agricultural products or ore.
Postcure: In order to decrease the percentage of volatile gases formed during molding or to complete the hardening process and / or to increase the end product properties, a firing process is generally applied without pressure.
Postforming: It is the process of forming, bending and shaping on thermoplastic laminate heated to gain flexibility or on fully hardened C level thermoset laminates.
POZA REVOLTA: It is the technique of printing the front and back of the paper in formats suitable for the machine size by printing in 4 colors with 4 molds. It saves both the number of molds to be printed and the time to be lost in machine settings.
POZA: It is the piece that can be moved back and forth and ensures that the paper is conveyed smoothly to the printing drum during printing.
PP: Polypropylene
PP: Polypropylene (thermoplastic)
PP: Polypropylene.
PPA: Polyphthalamide.
PPE: Polyphenylene ether.
PPM [Part (s) Per million] One in a million.
PPM: Parts per million; It can be by volume or by mass.
PPO: Polyphenylene oxide.
PPP [Polluter pays principle] Polluter pays principle.
PPRC: POLYPROPYLENE RANDOM COPOLYMER
PPS: Polyphenylene sulfide.
PREFABRICATION: Pre-production means pre-production.
Preform Binder: It is a resin that is sprayed on the bundles that are clipped to produce preforms, usually during shaping, in order to maintain the preform shape and provide portability.
Prepolymer: It is a chemical intermediate whose molecular weight is between the monomer or monomers and the final polymer or resin.
Prepreg: It is a ready-made molding material that can be in the form of unidirectional fiber, felt, fabric or resin-impregnated paper, as well as ready to be wrapped in roving or in the form of sheets.
Press Stroke: It is the distance between the movable and fixed tables of the hydraulic press when the press is open. The mold stroke provides the space required for the molded part to be removed from the mold.
PRES: These are machines that have two tables at the same size at the bottom and the top, a section that performs the squeezing process on the top, and the process of removing air bubbles that may remain in between while the binding process is adhered to the cardboard (before the binding process is finished).
Primary Air: It is the initial or starting air given in a combustion (or other) process; At some other points additional air supplements called secondary or tertiary air may be made.
PROB: It is an electromechanical device that serves to send / receive ultrasonic waves and usually contains one or more ultrasonic crystals.
Probable Reserve: Possible Reserve
Producing Reserves: Production Reserves
PRODUCTIVE CARBON, Layers formed in the carbon cycle containing coal layers of thickness suitable for production.
PRODUCTIVITY, The amount produced in proportion to the labor and expense made, the yield power, conductivity.
PROJECTING PRESSURE: It is the highest permissible operating pressure of the line, calculated according to the pipeline and / or main distribution line projecting principles, taking into account the material and location characteristics used.
Prolysis: It is a basic process in which organic precursor fiber materials such as pitch, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and rayon are chemically transformed into carbon fiber by heat action in an inert atmosphere.
PROPANE (C3H8): It is a saturated hydrocarbon and is in the gas state under normal conditions. It can be liquefied at atmospheric pressure and - 42 ° C.
PRORATA: The distribution of Amounts or Amounts within a ratio
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM (PFD): It is the document that shows the equipment in the facilities and shows the general flow that forms the basis of the heat and mass balance.
PROCESS COLORS: Four primary colors used in printing, consisting of cyan, magenta, yellow and black (CMYK)
PROCESS AND INSTUMENTATION DIAGRAM (PID): It is the document showing all the equipment, instruments and piping required to operate the facility.
Process Oil: It is the auxiliary oil used temporarily or permanently in obtaining a product; For example, in the processing of synthetic rubbers or in the production of ink, the very good solvent properties of aromatic process oil are utilized. Naphthenic process oils have low pour points and high solvent properties; These are suitable process oils that can be used in the production of rubber compounding, ink production, textile, leather tanning, shoe polish, rust removing compounds. Paraffinic process oils are light colored and the content of aromatic compounds is very low; It is used in the production of furniture polishes, inks and some special chemical formulations.
Prospective Resources: Prospective Resources
PROSPECTOR PAN, A tool used to search for minerals with a higher density than gold or sand in sand. The low-density substances in the sand sample taken into the pan are poured over the plate by means of water and the heavy minerals remain.
PROSPECTOR, 1) -> Prospector. 2) An occupational degree equivalent to the technician level given after special training in mineral exploration to high school and its equivalent secondary education graduates. The prospector is employed in the field as an assistant to the geological engineer.
PROTOCUARCITE, -> Quartzite.
PROTOTYPE MOLD: Simplified mold structure, usually made of light-cast alloys or artificial resin, to learn about the final mold.
Prototype: It is the process of revealing the suitable model for mass production by making a full evaluation in terms of material machinability, design, performance and shape.
PROOF: Any exit action to see errors and changes, correct or confirm the job
PROVER 4-WAY VALVE: These are valves located on the prover measurement line, operating with hydraulic pressure and directing the measurement line.
PROVER SYSTEM: It is the process of calibrating the meters used during the loading operation of the crude oil.
PS: Polystyrene (thermoplastic)
PS: Polystyrene
PSD [Particle size distribution] Particle size distribution.
psig (pounds per square inch gage): It is a pressure indicator instrument; set to zero at ambient atmospheric pressure. This is often referred to as "gauge" pressure.
PSYCHROMETER, The device for measuring the humidity of the air. The psychrometer consists of two thermometers. While measuring, the chamber of one thermometer is left dry, the cloth cover of the other is wetted. The evaporating water causes a cooling in the wet thermometer. For this reason, a wet bulb shows a lower temperature than a dry bulb. As the humidity in the air increases, the difference between the temperature indicated by the wet thermometer and the temperature displayed by the dry thermometer decreases. The relative humidity of the air is determined from the prepared graphics.
PSU: Polysulfone.
PSV: It is Pressure Safety Valve.
PTFE: POLITETRAFLOROETHYLENE
PTFE: Polytetrafluoroethylene.
PTS: Market Delivery Contract.
PU: Polyurethane (or PUR).
PUE: DG Sales Market Operating Procedures and Principles.
Scale: Residues that accumulate in the water by settling and adhering to inorganic materials (such as lime) in pipes, heaters and other equipment over time.
Pultrusion: It is a continuous process used for the production of composites that have a shaped cross section. Pultrusion is the process of passing the fiber reinforcement material through the resin bath and pulling it through a heated steel mold and hardening it.
PUNCH: Guide holes that are fully compatible with the machines used for precise bonding of molds and films.
PUR: Polyurethane
PUS: The foggy or cloudy appearance of a normal transparent plastic.
PUSH UP: Outer lines on the bottom of the plastic container designed to provide a carrying surface and prevent the bottle from shaking.
MISTY ENVIRONMENT [Mesic environment] Humid environment where a thin layer of fog never disappears.
PUZOLANIC SUBSTANCES -> Natural and artificial substances that are added during the grinding of the clinker, do not have hydraulic binders on their own, but when they are finely milled, they react with calcium hydroxide in humid environment and at normal temperature and form binding components. Trass, on the other hand, is a natural pozzolanic rock, which is a trachy-andesitic tuff.
ROUGHNESS: These are small indentations and protrusions that occur on the inner surface of the pipe due to the material and manufacturing technique during the manufacture of the pipes and resist the flow during flow.
BLOW OUT PREVENTER: In order not to cause any explosion as a result of the drilling team losing control over the well with the drilling fluids and the water, it is made of hardened steel, which is located at the wellhead and can be closed remotely, which is critical for the safety of the team, the well and the tower. It is a large valve manufactured.
Spraying: A technique in which the spray gun is used as an application equipment. In reinforced plastics, for example glass fiber and resin can be applied to a mold surface at the same time.
SPRAYER [Propelllant] Vehicle chemical used to spray fluid under pressure. These gases, which are generally made up of chlorofluorocarbons, are widely used as aerosol sprayers.
PVC: Polyvinyl chloride
PVC: Polyvinyl chloride
PVS [Polyvinyl choloride] Polyvinyl chloride.
PY Gaz: Look. Pyrolysis Gasoline
R
R LINE: It is the circulation inlet pipeline between tanks.
RA [Risk assesment] Risk assessment.
RAD [Roentgen absorbed dose] Absorbed radiation dose unit.
RADON [Radon] Natural radioactive gas released into the air by soil or rocks; this gas can accumulate in poorly ventilated buildings and endanger health.
RADIATION Emission or transfer of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles.
RADIATION AREA: These are the areas where the people working in it are exposed to ionizing radiations. (Ref: Radiographic Examination)
RADIATION PYROMETER, A temperature measuring device made using the relationship between temperature and color and a thermocouple. -> Optical pyrometer.
RADIATION HAZARD Danger caused by particles and rays emitted by radioactive materials; Large doses cause rapid death, whereas low radiation exposure leads to an increased risk of cancer.
RADIATION: Radiation is the emission or transference of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles. All electromagnetic rays emitted in the form of waves or particles, such as alpha, beta, gamma rays emitted by radioactive materials or elements in space, are also radiation.
Radiation: It is the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves. Energy can only be transported in a vacuum by radiation; like the heat and light of the sun reaching the earth. The entire spectrum of radiation is the elongation of wavelengths (decrease in their energy), respectively, cosmic rays, gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet rays, visible light and infrared rays.
HEATING WITH RADIATION, similar to the way the sun warms our world, the event that the rays emanating from the heat source sometimes heat an object (heating by radiation) without the need for a conducting medium.
RADIATOR, A device that increases the radiating surface of a heating or cooling device with interconnected pipes so that it can easily release or collect heat to the outside.
RADIOACTIVE WASTE Radioactive waste Waste generated from nuclear reactor processes or from sources such as research, military and industrial activities of the type.
RADIOACTIVE SPRAY [Radioactive fallout] The landing of radioactive particles to the ground surface; or the radioactive particles themselves.
RADIOACTIVE ORE, Ore with radioactivity. These types of ores are divided into two groups as uranium and thorium groups. Included in the uranium group are pehblende, uraninite and davidite. More rare ores are; cornatite, tuyamanite, torbernite, otterite, uranophone and chrokerite. Uranium ores can also be found in combination with phosphates and gold ores. Pehblend is also a radium gem. Thorium's most important ore is monazite. R
RADIOGRAPH: It is a permanent, visible image that emerges as a result of radiation passing through the examined part in a recording environment. (Ref: Radiographic Examination)
RADIOGRAPHY: It is the production of radiographs. See… Radiograph
RADIOGRAPHIC FILM: It is a film layer designed for use with X or Gamma rays and the base is coated with emulsion. (Ref: Radiographic Examination) RADIOGRAPHIC QUALITY: It is a qualitative term used to describe the ability of a radiograph to clearly show cracks, pores etc. in the examined part. (Ref: Radiographic Examination)
RADIOGRAPHIC CONTRAST: It is the difference in density (darkening) between the examined part and the area surrounding it, that is, between the image and the background in a radiograph. (Ref: Radiographic Examination)
RADIOGRAPHIC INSPECTION: It is a non-destructive testing method used to detect errors in metallic materials and / or weld seams of these materials by imaging them on a film by using gamma or X rays. (Interest: Dosimeter, Film Development, Film Dosimeter, Film Speed, Film Density, Gamma Ray Source, Image Quality, Cassette, Penetrameter, Radiation Area, Radiograph, Radiographic Film, Radiographic Shadow, Radiographic Quality, Radiographic Contrast, Radiographic Exposure, Fog, Absorption, X-Ray Radiation.)
RADIOGRAPHIC EXPOSURE: It is the process of dropping radiation on film or other recording material in order to create a hidden image that has the ability to improve. (Pose values are calculated according to the half-life of the Source and / or material thickness and presented in tabular form.) (Ref: Radiographic Inspection)
RADIOGENIC [Radiogenic] Substance consisting of radioactive decomposition.
RADIOMETER, 1) The device showing the transformation of rays into energy (light meter). The process of measuring radial energy density is also called "Radiation measurement" or "Radiometry".
RADIONUCLID [Radionuclide] Radioactive core.
Shelf Life: It is the period during which a material, substance or product can be stored under appropriate environmental conditions and maintain the necessary qualities for its functions.
SHELF LIFE: The period that a product can be stored in a certain temperature and humidity suitable for use. Shelf life is sometimes called the storage life.
Refining: It is a series of processes applied to obtain various end products from Crude Oil and its fractions; Obtaining a product takes place after one or more steps following the first process, distillation.
Rafinate: These are components obtained from the solvent extraction process and have very low solubility in solvents. An extraction product is mostly free of aromatics, naphthenes and other substances that affect physical parameters.
Nuisance Odor [Odor nuisance] Undesirable odors caused by natural causes or industrial processes, often caused by the presence of amines, mercaptans or sulfur compounds.
Squeegee: Ink doctor blade.
FITTING: It is a combined connection element equipped with a compression element used in the connection works of pipes, pipe elements and devices.
RANGEABILITY (RANGEABILITY): The ratio of maximum flow rate to minimum flow rate.
RANSDUSER: It is an electro-acoustic element that converts electrical energy into acoustic energy and acoustic energy into electrical energy. (Interest: Ultrasonic Testing)
RBA [Risk-benefit analysis] Risk-benefit analysis.
RDF [Refuse derived fuels] Fuels taken out of the garbage.
Reaction: Refers to the chemical reaction.
Reactive Injection Molding (RIM): It is a process used in the molding of polyurethane, epoxy and other liquid chemical systems. Mixing of two or more components in the appropriate chemical ratio is made in the high pressure mixer head.
Reactor: Containers in which chemical reactions occur during a chemical transformation process; For example, in the batch production of a polymer, a jacketed and agitated tank reactor is used as follows.
Rearranging: Rearranging
Reboiler: It is a unit of the fractionation tower; It is designed to give heat to the lower part of the tower. The most critical element in reboiler design is the choice of type according to where it is used; Most reboilers are shell-and-tube heat exchangers.
RECEIVER: It is the bucket from which the pig is taken.
Recoverable Resources: Producible Resources.
Recycle: Rectangle, return.
Resin Pool: It is the appearance created by the accumulation of excess resin in a certain area of the laminate surface.
Resin Ratio: It is expressed as the ratio of the amount of resin in the laminate to the total weight or total volume.
Resin Transfer Molding (RTM): It is a process in which glass fiber reinforcement takes place and catalyzed resin is injected or transferred into a closed mold.
Resin Rich Zone: It is the region where the amount of reinforcement is less and the amount of resin is high.
Resin: It is a solid or semi-solid organic material that tends to flow under pressure, generally high molecular weight.
Resins: Solid or semi-solid materials; They range in color from light yellow to dark brown. Natural resins are formed especially in the bark of pine and fir trees. Synthetic resins (such as polystyrene, polyesters, and acrylics) are derived from petroleum products. The usage areas of resins are quite wide; such as varnishes, plastics, adhesives and rubber productions.
Reef: Look. Reef.
Reel-to-reel: overmoulding (injection molding process)
REFERENCE ELECTRODE: Electrode whose potential does not change with time. Although the standard hydrogen electrode is considered as the reference electrode with zero potential change, in practice saturated silver-silver chloride, saturated copper-copper sulfate electrodes are used as reference electrodes. (Interest: Cathodic Protection)
Reflux: Reflux, Reflux.
Reformat: High quality naphtha obtained from catalytic or thermal reforming processes.
Reforming: It is a catalytic transformation process; It is the process of converting various types of naphtha into high octane reformat, BTX and LPG in catalyzed environments and regeneration into high octane number gasoline blending stocks. Platinum or Pt-Rhenium mixed catalysts are used in this process, in which low molecular weight components in naphtha are converted into aromatic compounds used as chemicals and gasoline blending agents. Several reactions occur together in the process at the same time, such as cracking, polymerization, dehydrogenation and isomerization.
Refractive Index: A value that describes the optical density of a substance; It shows the amount of refraction that occurs when light passes from one medium to another. (It is generally a test among the quality tests of base oils.) N = refractive index, c: speed of light, nphase = phase speed. n = c / nphase
REGULATOR FLOW: It is the expression of the amount of gas passing from the regulator at the minimum inlet pressure per hour in normal m3. (Relevance: Largest Gas Flow, Smallest Gas Flow)
REGULATOR VALVE: These are diverter valves on the pipeline.
REGULATOR: It is a natural gas device that keeps the gas pressure constant at the adjusted value by reducing the gas inlet pressure, regardless of the changes in the inlet pressure.
Reid Vapor Pressure: Look. RVP
Reinforced Reaction Injection Molding (RRIM): It is a reactive injection molding (RIM) process in which a reinforcement material is added.
Reinforcing: Reinforcing, reinforcing. Look. Fiber
Regeneration: The reactivation (reactivation) of the catalyst in a catalytic process is sometimes carried out by burning coke residues; The process is carried out under careful control of the temperature and the amount of oxygen in the regeneration gas stream.
Relative density (RD): Also called specific gravity; is the ratio of the density of a substance at a specified temperature (eg, 60 ° F) to the density of a reference substance (eg water) at the same temperature.
RELIEF SYSTEM: It is a system established to remove excessive pressure in the pipeline in case of sudden interruptions of pumping at stations or sudden increase in station inlet pressures. It consists of equipments such as Relief tank, Relief Pump, Relief jacket and nitrogen systems, Transfer Pipes.
RELIEF TANK: It is the tank where crude oil is stored to relieve the line in order to ensure the safety of the system when the pressure of the pipeline rises above the normal working pressure.
RELIEF VALVE: It is installed right at the outlet of the discharge line of fire pumps. It prevents damage to the equipment on the system by discharging excess water in case of sudden pressure increases.
REM [Rem] unit of ionizing radiation dose that gives a rad to human tissue.
COLOR DISCRIMINATION: It is the sum of the works done for the purpose of producing film, plate or digital printing, from page making to color retouching. It is not possible to print a quality job without a good color separation.
COLOR RANKING: It is the order of the four main colors used during printing. It is generally listed as KCMY.
Colored Fiber: Differentiation of weft fibers from warp fibers in woven materials; It is a single bundle or yarn of different colors placed on the reinforcement material in order to ensure proper fiber alignment.
Rheology: It is a science that deals with the plastic flow and deformation of materials.
Rheology: It is the study of flow and deformation properties of a material by considering stress, shear (relaxation), temperature and time parameters. (Rheological properties of greases are measured by penetration and apparent viscosity values.) See. Non-Newtonian Fluid.
Reciprocating: Reciprocation, circulation, return.
Residu: Residue.
Reefs (Reef) Carbonate deposits; They hold large amounts of oil and gas due to the limestone inside, they are surrounded by impermeable rocks (can be salt or anhydride cap rocks) and take the form of a reservoir. Reefs are formed as pinnacles and amorphous extensions (barriers) and multiply by transforming into a hard stone structure with high porosity. There are two problems encountered in this type of rocks; First, all reefs do not contain hydrocarbons, the other is that they show reservoir features that do not conform to sediment facies.
Resources: Resources.
REVISION: Examining the book records of the transactions related to the structure and activities of an enterprise and their documents with a systematic and critical perspective, ensuring the accuracy and order of the transactions and records, investigating and determining the financial and economic situation by conducting business analysis.
REVOLTA: It is a form of printing obtained in two identical forms by printing with the same mold on the back of the printed paper. There are two types of revolta. These are; On the side of the revolta (Poza revolta) and Skirt-Scissors revolta.
REYNOLDS NUMBER: It is a dimensionless reference number that serves to describe whether the flow in the pipes is smooth (laminar) or turbulent (turbulent). Reynolds Reference number in transition from steady flow to turbulent flow is Rekr = 2320
REYNOLDS NUMBER: In fluid mechanics, the Reynolds number is the ratio of inertial forces (vsρ) to viscous forces (μ / L) and consequently quantifies the relative importance of these two types of forces for given flow conditions. Therefore, it is used to describe different flow regimes such as laminar or turbulent flow.
RESERVED CAPACITY: It is the maximum daily capacity allocated to the shipper separately for each entry and exit point, indicating the maximum limit of the amount of natural gas that the shipper can deliver at an entry point or receive at an exit point on any day within the relevant gas year.
Reserves: The amount of gas and oil that can be estimated to be economically produced in the future from discovered resources.
REZERVUAR [Reservoir] Formation of artificially filled water; as well as the extra amount of any thing.
Reservoir Pressure: The average pressure within the reservoir measured at any given time.
Reservoir Rock: It is a permeable rock containing significant amounts of oil and gas. Sandstone rocks with a porosity of 18% and more are oil reservoirs, and those with 12% and more are economical gas reservoirs. If the sandstone is fragmented, its porosity (such as 9%) may be lower.
RESERVOIR: It is the name given to the region where oil or gas naturally accumulates in an underground cavity consisting of porous (permeable) rocks. In a reservoir, in separate layers due to different precipitation in normal condition and respectively; gas, oil and water (three liquids). Since the gas is the lightest, the reservoir is at the top, oil is in the middle, and water and rock / rock are at the bottom.
Reservoir: Porous, permeable or naturally fragmented rocks that can store oil and gas underground. These are mostly limestones, dolomites, sandstones or combinations thereof. The four main hydrocarbon reservoirs are: oil, light oil, dry gas and gas condensate. An oil reservoir contains three fluids: gas, oil, and water. In a typical oil reservoir, these fluids are arranged vertically according to their density; gas is located at the top because it is the lightest, while the denser water is at the bottom. Oil is found between these two fluids. If the gas is collected in a region independent of this formation, this formation is called a gas reservoir.
Resol: It is the uncured form of a thermoset resin that, when heated, contains all the substances necessary for hardening.
RGB: It is the abbreviation of Red, Green and Blue colors. These three colors form the basis of coloring. Generally, many designers work using this system. However, working with RGB colors in Offset Printing cannot be printed. It is absolutely necessary to convert to CMYK colors.
Rheniforming: Catalytic reforming process in which the hydrogenation-dehydrogenation catalyst is platinum / rhenium (Pt / Rh).
RIP: A device that converts page definitions into Bitmap images. (A bitmap is a type of graphic. It is a type of graphic that is composed of pixels or dots, each containing color information, that make up the relevant image.)
RISK FUNCTION (EQUATION) [Risk function] The relationship between the risk of damage to a target and the concentration of air pollutants to which that target is exposed.
Rib: It is a reinforcement element that participates in the design to provide structural mechanical reinforcements in plastic parts, vertical and horizontal, circular or other forms.
Rig: Hardware; A typical rotary drilling rig includes a drilling rig, pipe string, drill, circulation system, turning equipment, etc.
Stiffness: It is a modulus measurement that determines the relationship between load and deformation.
Risk: Refers to the possibility of loss, injury or other harmful consequences arising from the hazard.
RM / A (REDUCING METERING STATION): See… A Type Station.
Rockwell Hardness: It is a surface hardness measurement value based on the principle that the depth of the drilled hole increases with the increase of the load acting on a drill.
RON: Research Octane Number.
ROSE (Residuum Oil Supercritical Extraction): Recovery of residual oil (solvent) in super critical conditions; It is used to obtain heavy oils for catalytic cracking and hydrocracking.
ROTARIMETER: See… Rotary Piston Meter
ROTATIVE PRINTING: It is a type of printing that is used more intensely for 8, 16, 32 page models and is made on bobbin paper even in very thin weights. It is the printing technique that is generally used for high-circulation jobs such as Newspapers, Insert, Magazines, etc.
RELAY STATION: It is the station where telecommunication (communication and information transfer) equipment is located.
Relief: Relief effect
RÖNTGEN [Roentgen] Radiation exposure unit.
SURVEYING: It is the transfer of the distance between the pipe axis and a fixed point (building corner, electric pole, etc.) determined along the pipeline route to the projects or sketches prepared to determine the places where natural gas pipelines pass. (Attention: Line Sign)
RTU (REMOTE THERMAL UNIT): It is an electronic device that has a microprocessor control system, provides communication between the physical field equipment and the SCADA system, transmits the signals and information from the field to the central control system and carries the commands from the central control system to the field.
Roll (Carrier Roll): It refers to the pipes in the continuous plate machine and the lava flows on it.
WIND RANGES [Windrows] Clusters of solid waste spread out in rows over the areas to provide aeration by the natural effect of the wind.
WIND ENERGY [Wind power] Energy production using wind power, as in windmills and wind generators.
Wind Energy: It can be considered as a type of solar energy because it is energy produced from natural air flow; Because wind formation is a natural phenomenon that depends on heat change, in other words sunlight. Electric or mechanical power is obtained through wind turbines.
WIND PROFILE [Wind profile] Graphical representation of changes in wind speed as a function of height and distance.
WIND TUNNEL [Wind tunnel] Channel through which air can pass at a smooth speed; Used in the research of air flow models.
WINDMETER [Anemometer] Device for measuring wind speed.
RVP, Reid Vapor Pressure: It is a quality test applied to determine the volatility of petroleum products (eg gasoline); The result of the test performed on the Reid device at 100 0F is given in psi (pounds per square inch). Defines the cold starting and vapor blockage characteristics of the engine.
NS
STATIONARY GAS [ Intert gas ] Steam that is used to fill empty spaces, especially in oil tankers, that does not enter into a reaction relationship with other substances under ordinary conditions.
FIXED SOURCE [ Stationary source ] A stationary source of air pollution. Example: Power plants or waste incineration plants.
FIXED HEIGHT POINT [ Bench mark ] A mark on a place of fixed height that serves as a reference point for an elevation or distance, especially used in map making.
FIXED LENGTH: It is the length of the pipe specified in the order.
Scattering The process of changing the direction or energy of the incident particle or incident radiation caused by collision with a particle or particle system.
SADDLE: See… Saddle
PLAIN CARBON STEEL PIPE: Steel with plain carbon containing elements other than carbon with an upper limit value such as 0.5% Si, 1% Mn, 0.1% Al, 0.25% Cu, 0.09% P, 0.06% S. It is a pipe made of material. (Relevant: Alloy Steel Pipe)
SAE: Society of Automotive Engineers.
TOUCHING HEALTH [ Deleterious ] Harmful.
HEALTH [Health], as defined by the World Health Organization, is "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity".
HEALTH ENGINEERING [ Sanitary engineering ] A branch of engineering that includes subjects such as water supply, sewage and solid waste systems, health protection and food processing, rodent and insect control, and radiation control.
Brine: Brine.
PACKING, Pump piston rod, borehole and water head, steam engine piston, steam turbine etc. A sealing element consisting of one or more specially prepared parts to prevent leakage of liquid, steam, compressed air or gas around the shaft or axle moving with a stationary part, which is a common feature of machine parts. Hemp, cotton, graphite asbestos, rubber, leather, etc. made of materials. The ones used to prevent oil and liquid leakage are called felt.
SALMONELLA [ Salmonella ] Disease-causing bacteria that cause food poisoning and can carry typhoid. SAM [ Sound absorption material ] Sound absorbing substance.
SAMPLER CONTAINER: It is the container where the amount required for the analysis of oil is stored.
SAMPLER: It is the process of taking samples from the passing flow at certain intervals during the loading of crude oil.
SAN: Styrene acrylonitrile copolymer.
INDUSTRIAL AREA [ Industrial are ] An area in a city or in its locality, planned to house industries and use industrial parks.
INDUSTRIAL DIAMOND, Black diamond used in drilling, polishing and cutting works, which is not suitable for being a jewellery. Diamonds called ballas, carbonado, boatz, congo.
Sandwich Construction: These are panels with high bending strength, obtained by gluing an intermediate material such as honeycomb or foam between two thin FRP laminates.
SECOND WICK, 1) An ignition wick whose outer structure is in various colors and its essence is filled with a flammable substance called black gunpowder. The second wick burns at a speed of 1 cm/second. Wind matches, lighters or cigarettes are used to light these wicks. Inspection of these is done by burning and measuring the burning speed. 2) Safety fuse.
SECOND CAPSULE, Delayed (with chicken) capsule. The second capsule contains a delay element between the flammable sensitive substance and the primary drug. The length of the delay element is adjusted according to the delay time and the time interval between steps is 1/2 second. —> Capsule.
CENTRIFUGAL SEPARATORS, Ore and coal beneficiation units developed to increase the sedimentation and separation rates and accordingly the capacity by applying centrifugal force of small solid particles in fluid medium (heavy medium or water).
CENTRIFUGE DEVICE: It is used in ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) D4007 method to raise the sample temperature to 60 °C and to saturate the toluene with water.
Centrifugal Molding: It is a production technique used in molding cylindrical shaped composites such as pipes. Resin and reinforcement materials are placed in a hollow, cylindrical mandrel and the mandrel is rotated, and the resin is hardened by heating the mandrel.
Stud (Tij): It refers to a grooved round metal wedge of different thickness and length, used for the connection of interlocking or added on another piece.
DEVIATION [ Variance ] An exception to the application of a certain law, rule or regulation.
DEVIATION RATE [ Lapse rate ] The rate of drop in temperature with increasing altitude. SAPROFITS [ Saprophystes ] Plants that live by decomposing organic matter.
SAPROPEL [ Sapropel ] A sedimentary layer formed in deep water under anaerobic conditions.
DETECTION LIMIT [ Detection limit ] The limit at which a substance becomes detectable.
Established Reserves: Estimated reserves that can be produced economically with current technologies.
DIFFERENCE BENDI [ Diversion dam ] An embankment built on a stream to divert the flow of all or part of the water.
Yellowing: It is the color change that occurs in the material structure due to heat, light, chemicals, atmospheric oxygen.
YELLOW CAKE [ Yellowcake ] Uranium oxide.
Winding Angle: It is the measure of the angle in degrees between the axis of the wrapped filaments and the axis taken as reference.
SARNIC [ System ] An underground or closed (covered) man-made water storage facility.
SAVAK [ Weir ] Vertical barrier placed at the exit of treatment plants to provide a constant flow of water.
Centrifugal Casting Method: It refers to the production method in which reinforcing materials and resins are applied to the inner surface of the mold rotating at a high peripheral speed and it is possible to produce tubular parts with smooth both surfaces.
METER CONNECTION HEAD: It is the connection device that enables the natural gas meter to be connected to the natural gas installation.
COUNTER FILTER: It is a strainer element placed before the counter. It should be used especially before turbine and rotary piston type meters.
METER COMPARTMENT: It is a closed compartment or cabinet in which the meter and meter accessories are located.
GAS LINE AFTER METER (CONSUMPTION LINE): The gas drawn between the gas meter and the burner service valve is pipelined.
METER: It is a natural gas device that measures and records the amount of gas consumed. (Relevant: Rotary Piston Counter, Bellows Counter, Turbine Counter)
TRANSPARENT: The name given to opaque materials.
PAGE LAYOUT: It is the work in which the dimensions of the printed area are shown.
PAGE: One side of a leaf is called. A leaf consists of 2 pages.
Cykıl Gaz Oil: Fragmented gas oil returned to a cracking unit.
Cyclic Oils: Kraked Distillates.
SBR: Styrene butadiene rubber.
SBS : A kind of polymer with rubber properties, which stands for Styrene Butadiene Styrene. It is used as a raw material in the production of elastomeric bitumen.
SCADA (SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION): It is called Supervised Control and Data Acquisition System “or “Remote Control and Monitoring System”.
Scale: Stamp.
S-Glass: It is a magnesium alumina silicate component designed to obtain very high tensile strength glass fibers.
Scavenger: The Catcher.
SCF: Supercritical fluid
SCOPE [ Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment ] SD [ Standard deviation ] Standard deviation.
Scrubber: Scrubber.
SDG (LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS, LNG): It is the liquefied state of natural gas for storage or transportation by SDG tankers, at atmospheric pressure and by reducing the temperature to approximately -162°C. The volume of natural gas is reduced by 600 times after liquefaction. The body of SDG is mostly methane. SDG is regasified before distribution.
SDG TANKER: It is a specially designed tanker to transport SDG (Liquefied Natural Gas) and is equipped with insulated and pressurized tanks made of stainless steel or aluminum. Tanks are cooled down to -162 °C
SDG TERMINAL: It is the facility where SDG (Liquefied Natural Gas) Tankers can discharge, as well as storage, liquefaction and regasification units.
SDG UNIT: An SDG facility consists of one or more independent SDG units, each capable of gas liquefaction. (as well as other units). Adding one more SDG unit to an existing SDG terminal (plant) is much more economical than building a new terminal, since at least there is no need to build a new pier.
Seal: 1. Seal, 2. Seal.
CAUSE AND RESULT MATRIX (C&E): It is the technical document related to the plant process, which is the result of the HAZOP study, in which the safety systems are summarized.
Sediment (Sedimentary, Sedimentary) Rock: These are rocks that are formed by the accumulation of sediments or organic materials; contains hydrocarbons. Look. Rock Cycle.
Sedimentary Basin: It is the region where sedimentary rocks are deposited during very long periods.
Sediments: Particles formed from the erosion of ancient rocks and other materials. Over time, sediments turn into sedimentary rocks.
Stand: It is an equipment used to hold the required number of roving bobbins together and to ensure the unwinding of the bobbins regularly.
FLOOD WATER CHANNEL [ Storm sewer ] A canal built to collect the surface runoff of flood water caused by snow and rain.
SELENOID VALVE: It is an electromagnetic valve used for opening and closing in hydraulic systems. SADDLE: It is a PE connection element equipped with a cutting blade, which is used to make service line connection to live or non-living PE pipelines and allows flow first upwards and then horizontally.
Cellophane: The cellulose obtained from wood is then reacted with chemicals to become viscous and then cellulose hydrate and pressed as a film. This pressed film is called cellophane.
CELOFAN: It is a plastic coating (LAMINATION) system of glue, ammonia, water materials to the product with pressure or hot thermal light, which is used to protect the printing on soft textured products such as paper, cardboard from external factors and to highlight the design. There are varieties such as Matt, Glossy, Metarilized.
Cellulose: Complex carbohydrates formed from glucose molecules (C6H10O5)n; It is the main ingredient of the cell walls of plants, hence the main component of many fibrous materials such as paper, timber and cotton.
SYNTHETIC FUELS [ Synthetic fuels ] Fuels that are not naturally found in nature, but are produced as a result of certain processes, especially from fossil fuels such as coal, oil mist and tar sand.
Synthetic Oil: Oils by synthesis, not by refining of crude oil or by extraction of certain petroleum fractions; The properties and molecular structure of the oil produced in line with the demands of the consumer can be controlled.
SYNTHESIS GAS [ SYNGAS = Synthesis gas ] Carbon monoxide-hydrogen mixture gas obtained by passing steam over charcoal coke or similar residues. It is used in the production of various chemical substances with suitable catalysts.
Synthesis Gas: It is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen (CO+H2); It is obtained by steam reclamation of natural gas, or by partial oxidation of natural gas, naphtha or heavy fuel oil and coal.
SEPARATOR FILTER: It is the equipment that keeps the impurities, particles and liquid droplets in the gas coming to the station.
SEPTIC FIELD [ Septic field ] Secondary phase in the septic tank (fosoptic) system where liquid waste is discharged into a disposal system.
SEPTIC TANK (FOSOPTIK) [ Septic tank ] An impermeable underground tank that treats the sewage coming from the houses not connected to the sewerage systems.
SEPTIC (PIT): It is a sealed pit.
Greenhouse Effect: It is a term that describes the roles of water vapor, carbon dioxide and other gases in the temperature of the green surface being higher than necessary. The atmosphere has the ability to transmit light and retain heat. Thanks to the ability of the atmosphere to retain heat, the temperature of the waters remains in balance. Thus, the freezing of rivers and oceans is prevented. The heating and insulating effect of the atmosphere formed in this way is called the greenhouse effect. Earth's atmosphere shows a similar feature to glass greenhouses.
GREENHOUSE EFFECT [ Greenhouse effect ] Some atmospheric gases, primarily carbon dioxide, have an effect resembling the effect of a greenhouse glass; It transmits the light but keeps the heat in and causes a heat increase. The heat balance between the atmosphere and the ground is affected by increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide from industrialization and the combustion of fossil fuels; this raises the average temperature in the atmosphere. It is feared that this development will lead to climate changes with far-reaching consequences, such as melting glaciers and rising oceans.
Greenhouse Gases: Gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, ozone, nitrous oxide and methane; they pass solar radiation, but are opaque to long-wavelength radiation, preventing them from leaving the atmosphere.
Free Radical: An atom or group of atoms containing an odd number of electrons.
RIBBON DEVELOPMENT [ Strip development = Ribbon development ] A dense, mostly commercial, structure formed along the length of a main street.
SCREEN PRINTING: It is a printing technique made by passing paint through a thin silk mould. 3 types of dyestuffs are used (Water-based, Solvent, UV). The raw material of these materials is petroleum. Solvent is used in serigraphy, although it is harmful in PP materials, since there is no other alternative technique.
FALLOUT [ Fallout ] Radioactive dust that remains in the atmosphere after a nuclear explosion and descends to the earth through rain or other meteorological events.
HARD ZONE: See… Heat Affected Zone.
HARD COVER: It is called the cover made with printed paper, skin cloth, leather, linen, PVC, etc. materials, which are generally prepared by plastering on 0.5-5 mm materials (cardboard, etc.).
Curing Process: Refers to all of the heat and pressure values used over a given period of time to cure a thermoset resin system or prepreg product.
Curing: It is the irreversible change of thermoset resin properties by condensation, ring closure or addition reactions.
Hardener: It is a chemical substance involved in the reaction, which is added to the plastic composition, controlling or accelerating the hardening.
Hardener: Substances that control or accelerate the curing reaction, which are also consumed in the reaction (as opposed to the catalyst); Also called crosslinking agent or curing agent.
HARDNESS [ Hardness ] The total amount of calcium and magnesium ions contained in a water.
Stiffness, tension: It is the resistance to bending.
HARDNESS: The resistance of a material to compression and compression.
Hardness: The hardness of materials is determined by their resistance to scratching or stinging. Hardness is expressed according to the penetration rate that a hard sinking equipment leaves on the material surface under standard conditions.
Hardness: It is the property of resistance against notches, which is expressed as a pointy stick being dipped into the surface and measuring the depth of immersion from the surface into the laminate.
SERVICE LINE VALVE: It is a 1/4 ball valve installed at the end of the service line, before the service regulator. NS
SERVICE LINE: These are mostly polyethylene pipelines with a maximum operating pressure of 4 bars, taking the natural gas from the distribution network and carrying it to the building entrances owned by the consumers.
SERVICE REGULATOR: It is the regulator that reduces the mains pressure to the usage pressure and keeps the outlet pressure at a constant value. It has all or some of the safety equipment such as closing and evacuating the gas at minimum and maximum pressure to ensure safe gas use.
SERVICE VALVE: These are steel or PE valves with a maximum operating pressure of 4 bars and located on the service line that feeds detached buildings or facilities.
SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL [ Sound pressure level ] Sound intensity measured in decibels (dB).
Cetane Improver: It is an additive used to increase the cetane number of diesel fuel.
Cetane Index, Calculated: It is a number that gives information about the cetane number in cases where the cetane number determination of diesel fuel cannot be made on the test engine (CFR engine) (nomograms in BS2000 Part 218 and Part 364) can be used.
Cetane Index: It is a value calculated from the density and distillation values of a diesel fuel and gives information about the cetane number.
Cetane Number: The cetane number is a value that describes the ability of a fuel to start burning under the conditions in a diesel engine. A fuel with a high cetane number starts to burn very soon after it is injected into the cylinder; The “ignition time” period is short. Conversely, a low cetane index fuel resists auto-ignition, with a long ignition period. The cetane number is determined on the test engine; two specific hydrocarbons are used as references; 1-methyl naphthalene with a cetane number of 0 or 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (also called isocethane) with a cetane number of 15 and n-hexadecane with a cetane number of 100.
Cetane: Hexadecane (C16H34); It is a colorless and liquid hydrocarbon. It is used as a standard in determining the combustion quality of diesel fuel.
SHIPMENT SHIPMENT: It is the document that the seller is obliged to issue and keep on the vehicle for the goods transported or transported, in the event that the goods are transported and transported by the seller to be delivered to the buyer, or if the delivered goods are transported or transported by the buyer.
Diluent: A generally inert (non-reacting) liquid or solvent used to dilute certain substances (eg paints, pesticides, additives).
SFD [ Single family dwelling ] Single family dwelling.
Shale Oil: It is a distillate obtained by heating oil sands (oil shale); There is no economic production method today, but it is a great potential oil production source for the future.
Shale: It is a stratified rock type; It is a fine-grained sedimentary rock formed by the solidification of clay and mud. (Shalter in various colors.)
Shore: The degree of hardness of the clichés used in flexo printing.
SHORE-LINE VALVE: It is the valve group in which the ball valves on the loading and ballast line are opened and closed by hydraulic systems.
HOT PRINTING: It is a printing technique made by pressing by means of resistance by making clichés on agendas, menus, leather key chains, denim labels, rough leather surfaces that cannot be screen printed.
Hot Molding: It refers to product molding or molding with heated molds.
HOT COATING: It is the hot coating process after the pipes and coating material to be coated with bitumen are heated to a temperature higher than the ambient temperature.
HOT WATER POLLUTION [ Thermal pollution ] With the flow of heated water to water sources for various reasons, the temperature of the environment reaches a level that will create harmful consequences for the living things in it. One of the negative effects of hot water pollution is that it accelerates the eutrophication in the aquatic environment by helping the blue-green algae to multiply.
TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE: It is the difference between the opening and closing temperatures of the valve in rapidly acting thermostats set to a certain value.
TEMPERATURE DELAY: It is the difference between the effective temperature of the sensing element and the ambient temperature it is in.
Temperature Scales: Arbitrary thermometric calibrations that are accepted as suitable references for temperature determination. There are two thermometric scales based on the freezing and boiling point of water under 1 atmosphere of pressure; Celsius (C) or Celsius scale and Fahrenheit (F) scale. There are also absolute zero Kelvin (K) and Rankine (R) scales at which all molecular motions theoretically stop; these are C and It is associated with F scales. (R = °F + 459.69).
SIDE BOOM: It is a mobile vehicle located on the side of the lifting console used for lifting, transporting, lowering pipes into the channel in pipeline assembly.
SANITARY WASTE BUSHING PIT [ Sanitary landfill ] pits where solid waste is buried daily in compacted and earth-covered layers. Filled areas can be greened and turned into parks.
SANITARY WASTE WATER SYSTEM [ Sanitary sewer ] Waste water system that carries wastewater from residences or workplaces; sewage.
Tight Sand: Sand or sandstone formations with low permeability.
Tight Formation: It is an oil or water bed with low porosity and permeability.
COMPRESSION [ Compaction ] Physical reduction of waste material.
Compressive Strength: It is the resistance of the material against a force that tends to break or bend itself.
Compression Modulus: It is the ratio of the compression load to the compression stress within the proportional limit. Theoretically, it is equal to Young's modulus determined by tensile tests.
COMPRESSION RATIO: It is the ratio of the volume of a gas calculated according to the ideal gas law under normal conditions to the volume it has under a certain pressure and temperature.
Compression Ratio: It is the ratio of the cylinder volume when the piston is at bottom dead center to the volume when the piston is at top dead center in an engine.
TIGHTENING: The turning force used to fasten or untie the closure.
Compression: It is a "vacuum" application by using the "vacuum bag" technique for a temporary period in order to remove the air remaining in the laminate. At the same time, SMC also refers to the removal of the air trapped between the pulp rolls by compressing it by means of rolls.
Compression: Natural gas, with a standard pressure of 14.7 psi (1 atm), is compressed so that it does not take up much space during transportation and storage, reducing its volume. A pressure of 1000-1500 psi is applied to the natural gas transferred from the pipelines. During the transfer, pressure loss due to various reasons is completed along the pipelines, for example at compression stations located every 100 miles.
CYCLONE COLLECTOR [ Cyclone separator ] A device that works mechanically and with centrifugal force, to control air pollution by removing large particles from the environment.
SILT [ Silt ] Inorganic character precipitate.
EXAM PIECE: It is the part that the welder creates by combining the workpieces with welding under the pre-specified conditions during the exam.
SYNERGISTIC EFFECT [ Synergistic effect ] The tendency of chemicals and processes to react together, forming unpredictable combinations, resulting in an effect that is significantly stronger or completely different than they would have alone.
Boundary Lubrication: When the gap between the surfaces is too small, the lubricating liquid layer is ejected and there is no hydrodynamic lubrication, in this case boundary lubrication becomes important. Boundary lubricants are compounds that adhere to metal surfaces and form an anti-wear protective layer.
CROSS-BORDER POLLUTION [ Transboundary pollution, transfrontier polltion ] Emissions in one country affecting another country, usually by being carried by air or water.
LIMIT LOAD: The minimum or maximum load values allowed for a device to operate, considering the combustion technique, heat economy and durability of the device, are called the limit load of that device. See… Load
LIMITING PIN: Parts of a plug used in conjunction with or complementary to a valve or faucet to limit the angle of rotation.
LIMITED CAPACITY DAY: It is the day when the system balance is disturbed due to the increase in the natural gas input amount of the shippers and/or the decrease in the natural gas intake amount.
SIS [ Fog ] Visible moisture suspended in the atmosphere, Atmospheric event where the visibility falls below 1000 meters.
FOGING [ Fogging ] Spraying against pests by heating a liquid chemical substance to form very small particles resembling smoke by rapidly heating it. It is used in the fight against mosquitoes and flies.
PLASTERING: It is the process of sticking two separate layers to each other with the help of glue after printing. It is done with automatic and manual plastering machines. High quality plastering glue should be used for products such as thick cardboard, cardboard.
Liquid Crystal Polymer: It is a newly developed thermoplastic polymer that can be melted and provides high orientation in the mold, has tensile strength and high temperature resistance properties.
Types of Liquid Crystalline Polymers: There are three types of liquid crystals; nematic, smectic and cholesteric. The degree of orientation of nematic and smectic liquid crystals is wide; Smectic liquid crystals also have a one-dimensional arrangement of positions, the molecules are arranged in layers. The cholesteric (or rotary nematic) liquid crystal is chiral; when the molecules line up in the layers, the director orientation starts to rotate slowly between the layers and the rotation continues until the molecules are in their original orientation (3600). The distance from start to finish is defined as 'pich'.
Liquid Crystalline Polymer: Most solids melt and become isotropic fluids when heated; its optical, that is, electric and magnetic properties, are independent of the orientation of the molecules. However, there are some substances that become fluid when heated above a limited temperature, but exhibit anisotropic behavior; they usually contain elongated organic molecules with a rigid center and flexible ends. Molecules in a liquid crystal have a degree of orientation. The anisotropic behavior of liquid crystals results from the elongated shapes of the molecules they contain; The physical properties of the molecules change depending on whether the measurements are made in the direction perpendicular or parallel to the extensions, the final arrangement of the rod-like structures determines the anisotropic bulk properties. These arrangements are formed according to the preferred packaging forms as well as the electrostatic interaction between the molecules. The vector (n) in which the molecules prefer to be oriented in the liquid crystal phase is called the 'director'; the long axes of the molecules tend to align in this direction.
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG): Generally, it is a mixture of propane, normal butane, butylene and isobutane.
BLACK SMOKE [ Black smoke ] is the smoke from the combustion of coal or any other fossil fuel.
BLACK TIDE [ Black tide ] Sea contaminated with oil spills.
BLACK SNOW [ Black snow ] is snow descending from a part of the atmosphere that is heavily loaded with particles.
BLACK OIL [ Black oil ] Black hydrocarbon; darker colored oils as opposed to colorless oils.
BLACK RAIN [ Black rain ] Soot dispersed into the atmosphere due to reasons such as oil spills, oil wells or forest fires, descending to the earth with precipitation.
CYANIDE [ Cyanides ] Extremely harmful salts of hydrocyanic acid. Industrial wastewater containing cyanide contributes significantly to water pollution.
SCRAPPING [ Skimming ] Mechanical removal of oil or scum from the surface of the water.
Stripping Knife: It is a flat piece that allows the resin to spread evenly in the form of a thin film.
Stripping: Separating excess volatile components from a fraction (or cut) by evaporation with the help of water vapor or by spraying.
LEAKING [ Leaching ] The process of separating a contaminant leachate from a layer of soil or waste material by the action of rain water.
LEAKING FIELD [ Leaching field ] An open piping system in closed trenches that allows the waste liquid to pass from the septic tank to the surrounding soil and be filtered by leaking.
LEAKPROOF SEAL: A seal that keeps the air out, squeezing out the gas at normal temperature and atmospheric pressure.
TIGHTNESS TEST: It is the test performed to check the tightness at a pressure value far below the operating pressure at the end of the Strength (resistance) test of the completed natural gas pipes.
SEALING PASTE: It is a special paste applied to the pipe threads together with flax fiber in order to provide sealing in the threaded connections of pipe joints.
LEAKING SYSTEM: It is the system that prevents the process gas (gas that is compressed into the line) from mixing with the lubrication system in natural gas compressors.
LEAK [ Seepage ] The movement of surface water passing through the soil and heading downwards.
LEAKAGE: It is the event that some of the combustion products do not go through the chimney and leak into the environment as a result of insufficient traction or chimney kickback of the gases formed as a result of combustion.
Infiltration: It is a slight leaking error, which is seen in the form of water on the surface.
S: Silicone.
CYCLONE FILTER: It is a cleaning equipment in which the natural gas coming to the station is purified from pollution, the particles entering the station at a certain speed get a radial movement by hitting the inlet diverter and the particles settle to the bottom.
Silanes: Any chemical substance designed to form a chemical bond at the junction of the reinforcing material and the resin matrix in composite materials.
Silica Gel Adsorption: Separation of hydrocarbon types (paraffins, olefins, naphthenes and aromatics) from light petroleum fractions and their mixtures in refinery streams.
Silicon Carbide: It is applied as a metal matrix reinforcement due to its equal density, modulus and high resistance with aluminum.
SILVERY LACQUER: It is an ideal application for the packaging industry as it creates a silvery and shiny surface. It can also be applied in 4 color printing, valid in all colors. It is a preferred type of lamination due to the visual effect it creates.
Syndiotactic Polymer: They are macromolecules or polymer chains with successive enantiomeric configuration structures.
Bilge: Leakage water and oily waste water formed in machinery and auxiliary machinery sub-tanks, cofferdams, warehouses or similar parts of ships.
FOG: It is a general term used to indicate the increase in the optical density of the processed film for any reason other than the direct effect of the image-forming radiation, and there are various types. (Relevant: Radiographic Examination)
SEISMIC (3D) STUDY (3-D SEIS - MIC STUDY): It is a geophysical method used to view the geological structures below the ground.
Seismic Investigation: It is the study of collecting and recording the signal patterns created by the shock waves reflected from the underground rock layers; they give information about the geological structure under the ground.
Seismic, Three-Dimensional: The most important invention among technological developments; It provides the producers with the opportunity to see inside the earth's crust and to find the necessary formations from which fossil fuels can be obtained. With the advantages of supercomputers, geologists can process millions of data to create a detailed, three-dimensional picture of the underground. These models can be rotated and sliced so that regions where the presence of hydrocarbons is desired are examined more closely. With 3-D seismic studies, drilling can be done very sensitively and the risk of dry wells is greatly reduced.
System and Environment:
Black Oils: A general term used for black colored products such as light fuel oil, medium fuel oil, heavy fuel oil and extra heavy fuel oil.
SKID: The pressure of 20 bar in the steel lines is projected to reduce it to the required usage pressure and are pressure reducing and regulating stations that feed a consumer.
Skimming: The distillation process in which mixtures with close boiling points are obtained.
SLACKLINE: It is the flow of oil in the pipeline together with gas and liquid phase due to low pressure. It is called a loose line.
SLAC: It is the sludge consisting of sediment and/or oil sediments in the engine rooms of ships, fuel tanks or cargo tanks of oil tankers.
SLOP SYSTEM: It is the system that injects the oil, which is drained from the mentioned units, including the pumps, valves and pig trap inside the entire station, into the pipeline and/or relief tank with the help of tank and pump. It consists of equipment such as slop tank, slop pump transfer pipes.
SLOP TANK: Oily water residues accumulating in slop tanks, including tank washing waters formed as a result of washing cargo tanks on ships.
SLOP: Oily water residues accumulated in slop tanks, including tank washing waters, which are formed as a result of washing cargo tanks on ships.
Slops: Liquid waste.
SLUDGE (MUD): Soft, blackish residues; consists of dust, oil, gasoline, water and other impurities. For example, not changing the engine oil on time will cause sludge to build up in the crankcase.
Sludge (Mud); They are soft, blackish residues; consists of dust, oil, gasoline, water and other impurities. For example, not changing the engine oil on time will cause sludge to build up in the crankcase.
SMC (Ready-made molding composition): A liquid thermosetting resin, usually polyester, pigments, fillers and other additives pre-assembled and made into a pulp during molding for ease of processing.
SNG [ Subtitute natural gas ] auxiliary natural gas.
SNUBBING: Operations of preparing the cavern for gas operation by removing the strings that are in the cavern and are no longer needed for operation after the dewatering process is completed. (Relevant: Tuz Gölü Underground Natural Gas Storage Project) SOCAR: Azerbaijan State Oil Company.
ABSORBERS [ Absorbers ] Air pollution control devices used to transfer the components in the gas mixture to the liquid environment in a polluted gas emission.
COOLING POOL [ Cooling pond ] A large water tank where the fuel elements emitted from the nuclear reactor are stored and which allows the breakdown of short-lived fission products.
COOLING TOWER [ Cooling tower ] The structure used to take the post-process heat of the cooling water used in thermal power plants or industry. Here, after the cooling process, the heated cooling water is sprayed down from the diffusers at the top of the tower, allowing the heat to pass into the air blown from under the tower.
Cold Stream: It is the deterioration of the material under continuous load at the operating temperature without a phase change or chemical change.
Cold yielding: The deformation of the material under load at or below Tg.
COLD PRINTING: It is a type of embossed, embossed printing made by using cliché without using paint or foil. Embossed unpainted printing on binders and papers. (Embroidery). It is a print made using double-sided female and male clichés.
COLD DRAWN HARD PIPE: These are the pipes that are manufactured by cold drawing method and have not undergone any heat treatment.
COLD DRAWN SOFT PIPE: It is low speed cold drawn tube after final heat treatment.
COLD STATUS: For some experiments, the gas in the cold state is in thermal equilibrium with its surroundings and the gas inside is not ignited.
COLD EXPANDED PIPE: It is a welded or seamless pipe that has been expanded in cold condition and permanently at least 0.50% around its circumference.
Cold Pressing Method: It refers to the method of forming the fiber and reinforcement material together with the resin in cold form without applying heat treatment to the molds.
COLD WRAPPING TAPE: It is a polyethylene-based plastic material coated with adhesive on one side in order to protect steel pipes against corrosion. Before the wrapping process, the outer surface of the pipe is primed with a primer primer, no heating is applied. It is usually applied in two layers. The inner wrap is soft and the outer wrap is a hard material that is more resistant to impacts. It is applied to surfaces (usually elbow type parts) where hot dressing cannot be applied.
COLD WATER SUPPLY PIPE: It is the pipe connecting the supply tank to the water heater system.
Cold flexibility: It shows the flexibility of the waterproofing membrane under special test conditions. (It is not used to determine product performance under actual application conditions. It is used to compare products with similar properties and thickness.)
ABSORPTION: It is the decrease in radiation intensity of X or Gamma rays as they pass through the material. There are three main causes of radiation absorption; Photoelectricity is scattering and double generation. (Relevant: Radiographic Examination)
COOLING LINE: It is a 10 inch fire cooling line that feeds gangway hydrants, tower spray and under-platform areas.
Cooling System: A system that removes heat from an engine or other equipment.
Cooling Pattern: These are metal plates that have the same size and shape as the product and have a flawless surface. It is used to cool the produced product after it has been hardened in the oven, by placing it on the ambient temperature and pressure.
Cooler: It is a heat exchanger; Inside, there are pipes immersed in cold water, through which hot hydrocarbons, whose temperature is desired to be lowered, pass.
SOLENOID GAS VALVE: It is the electromagnetic valve used for opening and closing the gas supply.
Soluble Oil: Oil that contains emulsifiers and stabilizers and forms stable emulsions when mixed with water; used as drilling, cutting and cooling oil (in metalworking).
Solvent Extraction: It is the process of purification by extracting substances of different chemical types and solubility with selective solvents; For example, asphaltic substances are removed by extraction with liquid propane. Another example is dewaxing using a mixture of dichloroethane and methylenedichloride (Di/Me) and propane as solvent.
Solvent Neutral Oil: It is a high quality paraffin based refined oil obtained by solvent extraction.
Solvent: General name of melts (liquid fluid) such as thinner, naphtha, turpentine, varnish.
Solvent: Special liquids used to thin or dilute solids or liquids.
FINAL DISCHARGE: It is the gas purge following the safety shutdown.
END USER FACILITIES: Any facility, equipment or other property that the End User will use natural gas. NS
SONAR SYSTEM: These are digital systems that transmit information such as distance, distance, wind direction and speed to the pilot during the berthing of the ships to the pier.
Drilling Mud: Mud.
Drilling Body Test (Drill Stem Test; DST): When the estimated reservoir rock is reached, a special device is suspended in the hole, pressure measurements are made and fluid samples are taken at regular intervals. Thus, data about the fluid in the well and the flow rate of the fluid are obtained.
Drill Body: The drill body consists of all the parts used in the process; kelly, drill pipe, fittings, etc. The DST test system consists of valves and outlet pipes and pressure-registers that can be controlled from the ground.
Drilling, Vertical: Conventional wells are drilled vertically from the surface to the reservoir (pay zone). Although these methods are traditional, they are still the most applied drilling types.
Drilling, Rotary Drilling: It is a preferred drilling method in conditions where some rocks cannot be drilled with impact equipment due to their structural elasticity or other special physical characteristics, and therefore the necessary samples cannot be taken.
Drilling, Horizontal: In addition to the vertical shaft in an oil and gas well, horizontal shafts are placed towards areas that are otherwise inaccessible. This technique is especially important in offshore drilling; where one platform can service many horizontal shafts, increasing efficiency. Horizontal wells are divided into three classes; are short (at 20-40 feet from the vertical well), medium (300-700 feet from the vertical well), or long (1000-4500 feet from the vertical well) diameter wells. Larger ones are wells drilled in the sea.
Drilling, Directional Drilling: This type of drilling is also sometimes called slant drilling; It is a type of drilling that is diverted from the vertical position when drilling an oil exploration well and production well, especially in wells drilled at sea. This type of drilling is applied to beds that cannot be reached vertically. For example, reaching reservoirs below shallow lakes, protected areas, railways or any area where drilling rigs cannot be installed is a common practice. It is also preferred for long and thin reservoirs; accessing them by vertical drilling would not be efficient.
SONIC BOOM [ Sonic boom ] Also called supersonic boom. Explosive noise produced by an aircraft traveling at a speed exceeding the speed of sound. This event causes noise pollution.
Peeling Fabric: Tightly woven nylon-based and silicone-coated, designed to be used in RTM, hand lay-up, infusion and vacuum bagging methods, giving the surface a fine-textured appearance, in order to protect the surface of the product until the paint process, reduce the paint and pre-preparation processes, and provide easy release from the mould. fades the fabric.
PEEL RESISTANCE: It is a test method applied to control the stickiness of the polyethylene coating on steel pipes to the pipe. The cut is made as if a strip of minimum 20 mm and maximum 50 mm width will be removed from around the pipe. The strip is detached from one end, and a force of 3.5 kgf is applied to the free end for each cm strip width. Peeling speed should not be more than 10 mm/min. (TS 5139)
Surfactant: A surfactant that lowers the surface tension of a liquid. Look. Emulsifier.
AGREEMENT STORAGE CAPACITY (SDK): It is the storage volume allocated during the Storage Year to a Service User who has signed a Storage Service Agreement.
Specific Weight: It is the value found by dividing the unit mass of a material by the unit volume, dividing the density value by the density of water at a constant temperature.
Specific Energy (Gross-Gross): Qg , MJ/kg = (52.190 - 8.802 r2 10-6) [1 - 0.01 (x+y+s)] + 9.420 (0.01s)
Specific Energy (Net), MJ/kg: Qn MJ/kg = (46.704 - 8.802 r210-6 + 3.167 r10-3) [1-0.01(x+y+s)] + 0.01 (9.420s - 2.449x)
Calculation of Specific Energy (Calorific Value): The heat of combustion, specific energy or calorific value is a measure of the energy of the fuel; The density of the fuel decreases with the increase in the amount of sulfur, water and ash. It can be calculated approximately with the following equation; r = density, 15 °C, kg/m³, x = water, wt%, y = ash, wt%, s = sulfur, wt%.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY: It is the ratio of a given volume of substance to the weight of the same volume of water. The ratio of the density of a substance at 60 °F to the density of water at 60 °F.
Specific Gravity: It is the ratio of the weight per unit volume of matter to the weight of the same volume of water at the same temperature.
Specific Heat (Energy): It is the ratio of the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of the same mass of water by one degree.
Specific Properties: It is the value obtained by dividing the material properties by the material density.
SPIRAL SKIN: It is the process of joining a blended work in the form of leaves or forms by drilling from the back and any desired place and joining the desired place from the beginning to the end with a special wire.
SPIRAL WELDED PIPE: It is the pipe produced by wrapping the steel sheet in a helix shape in the longitudinal direction and forming it and welding it.(Reference: Welded Pipe)
SPIRAL HOSE: See… Universal Flexible Connector
SPOOL: It is a combination of several materials (pipe, valve, tee, etc.) with welded manufacturing.
SPRAY COATING: Wrapping or PVDC film is applied to PET, which improves its gas barrier properties and allows for lightweight containers.
STABILIZATION [ Stabilization ] Conversion of active organic matter in wastes to neutral material.
Stabilization: A process in which a stable (less-volatile) liquid is obtained by separating gaseous and highly volatile hydrocarbons from crude oil or gasoline; thus the separated liquid can be transported or stored without significant change in composition.
Stabilizer, preservative: These are protective additives added in plastic formulations to preserve the properties of the material during processing and use.
STABILIZED MATERIAL: It is the name given to the small crushed gravel material or gravelly coarse sand material that is filled into the channel (over the padding sand up to the surface) after the cushioning process is completed.
STANDARDIZED: Reference is made to predefined conditions. In the case of gas, it means predetermined Pressure and Temperature because they are a variable between mass and volume.
STANDARD SIZE (SB): It is half of the standard size ratio minus one. In foreign literature, it is expressed as "S". (Relevant: Standard Aspect Ratio)
STANDARD DIMENSION RATIO (SBO): It is the ratio of the pipe outer diameter to the pipe wall thickness in polyethylene (PE) pipes. It is expressed as "SDR" in foreign literature. (Relevance: Standard Size) STANDARD FT³: It is the expression of the volume of the gas in ft³ at 15.5 °C temperature and 1 atm (760 mmHg) pressure.
STANDARD USE PRESSURE: It is the pressure of the gas after the service regulator at the consumption area.
STANDARD CUBIC METERS Sm³: Natural, which does not contain water vapor and has an Upper Calorific Value of 9155 kcal, filling a volume of one (1) cubic meter at a temperature of 15 degrees Celsius (15 °C) and an absolute pressure of one point zero one thousand three hundred and twenty five (1,01325) Bar. Gas Amount. (1 Sm³ 10.64 kWh)
Standard Deviation: It is the measurement of how much the mean data distribution deviates from the mean value.
STANDARD TEMPERATURE: It is the temperature value of 15.5 °C (=60 °F).
STANDARD CONDITIONS: 1.01325 bar pressure and 15 °C temperature conditions.
STANDARD TRANSPORT AGREEMENT (STS): It is the carriage contract concluded between the Carrier and the Shipper to provide the Standard Service.
STANDARDS [ Standards ] Rules indicating the levels that should not be exceeded at the exposure location to pollutants.
Standardized conditions are generally used in the British system and are defined as 70 F and 1 atm.
STATIC PRESSURE HEIGHT: It is the pressure value read at that point, expressed as height, caused by the water level above any point in the tank in open water systems.
STATIC PRESSURE: It is the pressure exerted by the fluid in the pipe to every direction of the pipe.
STATIC GAS PRESSURE: The pressure of the gas at rest (without gas flow) is called static gas pressure.
STD CUBIC METERS: It is the amount of gas that fills a 1 cubic meter volume at 15 °C and 1.01325 bar absolute pressure. It is unit volume without limitation of calorific value.
Steam: Water vapor.
Stforming: It is the forming, bending and shaping processes on thermoplastic laminate that is heated to add flexibility or on fully cured C-level thermoset laminates.
STICKER: These self-adhesive papers come in a wide variety, but there are main 5 pens. Coated sticker, 1st dough sticker, Kromolux sticker, Transparent sticker, Opaque sticker.
Stimulation: These are some processes applied to widen old and clogged channels and open new channels in a formation where a well is connected in order to increase production; such as pickling and crushing processes.
Styrene-Acrylonitrile Copolymer (SAN): It is an amorphous and transparent thermoplastic polymer obtained from styrene and acrylonitrile monomers. In commercial products, the amount of acrylonitrile varies between 15-35%, depending on the areas of use. The excess of acrylonitrile increases the hardness of the product, its resistance to heat and chemicals, and increases its mechanical properties.
Styrene-Butadiene Copolymer: copolymers produced by the polymerization of styrene and butadiene; Depending on the amount of comonomer it contains, it is rubbery or shows plastic properties; If it contains less than 45% styrene by weight, it is known as styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). As the amount of styrene increases, the plastic properties also increase.
STOCK INSPECTION: It is a form of inspection in which the measurement and measurement tools, which are not sold at the first inspection, but are kept in stock in warehouses, workshops, manufacturing and sales places or without the need for use, are subjected to re-examination within the periodical inspection periods. (Measuring and Measuring Instruments Adjustment Regulation) (Relevance: Periodic Inspection, First Inspection, Complaint Inspection, Sudden Inspection)
STOCHIOMETRIC MIXTURE: It is a mixture of gas and air in the ratios specified according to the theoretical air requirement. In a stoichiometric mixture, the elements participating in the reaction and the elements formed as a result of the reaction are molecularly equal.
STOOPLE: It is a kind of valve system that is welded to the pipe without interrupting the natural gas flow in a pipeline to be displaced.
Withholding Tax: It is the withholding of the tax at the time of payment to be deducted later (tax withholding, tax withholding).
Stopper: It is the limiting metal parts placed between the two parts of the mold. It is used to control the thickness of molded parts during compression molding.
Stoichiometric: Two or more compounds that are put into a chemical reaction are completely consumed in the reaction, there is no residue from the inputs after the reaction, only the product is obtained.
STP [ Standard conditions of temperature and pressure ] Standard temperature and pressure conditions.
STP: Perpetual Trading Platform.
Straight Run: It is a definition used for crude oil products obtained by distillation and not subjected to any chemical process.
Strata: The layers of rock that make up the land structures above and below the earth's surface.
STRATOPOSIS [ Stratopause ] The upper nerve of the stratosphere.
STRATOSPHERE [ Stratosphere ] The upper atmosphere layer that lies above the troposphere and has very low humidity conditions. 15-50 km of the atmosphere. layer between height.
Stratosphere: It is the uppermost region of the atmosphere after the troposphere (8-15 km); It is at an altitude of about 50 km. The stratosphere is slightly moist, its thermal structure provided by radiation balance is generally very stable.
Stripper: Scraper, separator.
Stripping: It is a separation process; For example, it is a stripping process to obtain the light molecules contained in the distillation residue by injecting water or steam into it. It is also one of the processes of cleaning wastewater; while the wastewater flows down the column, the steam moves up; The rising steam also scrapes and carries the impurities (such as H2S, NH3) in the waste water. These substances in the exiting steam stream are recovered and rendered harmless, for example by condensation.
Water absorption: It is the ratio of the weight of water absorbed by a material to the weight of the dry material.
WATER INTAKE STRUCTURE: It is the structure built on the shore of the dam lake, which provides the supply of the fresh water required to be used in the dissolution process, from the dam lake within the scope of the Salt Lake Natural Gas Underground Storage Project.
WATER TREATMENT [ Water treatment ] Processes that remove harmful substances from water and make water usable or drinkable, such as precipitation, coagulation, filtration, disinfection, softening and aeration.
WATER SEPARATION LINE [ Watershed ] The raised boundary line separating the drainage basins.
WATER BASE [ Headwater ] The source and upper parts of a stream or river, usually located at high altitudes.
Water absorption / moisture retention: It is the amount of moisture kept under certain conditions. The part can be immersed directly in water or kept at a certain humidity. The process of keeping in a certain humid environment is called moisture retention.
WATER ESOSYSTEM [ Aquatic ecosystem ] Aquatic ecosystems related to land (fresh water) and sea (ocean).
WATER RIGHTS [Water rights ] Fishing and shipping rights, rights to use water outside the source, etc. regulated rights regarding the use of water, including
Water Repellency: The reservoir pusher mechanism, which allows the crude oil to flow naturally from the reservoir to the well, is the pressure created by the expansion of the underground rocks and water. Generally, there are two types of water repellency; bottom-water repellency (A), where the entire oil surface is in contact with water, and edge-water repellency (B), where a portion is in contact.
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS [ Water quality standards ] Rules and limits that must be followed regarding water to be used for certain purposes such as residential use, irrigation, fish farming, industrial use or power generation.
WATER LOSS [ Evapotranspiration ] The total amount of water evaporated from plants and various forms from the earth's surface through transpiration.
WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT [ Water resources management ] Management that includes activities such as the provision, use, protection and distribution of water resources.
WATER POLLUTION [ Water pollution ] Deterioration of the quality of water by the addition of chemical, physical or biological substances in amounts that will affect its beneficial use. The most common sources of water pollution are; inadequate domestic wastewater treatment plants, discharge of industrial wastes, surface runoff, mining activities and irrigation.
WATER CONSERVATION [ Water conservation ] Programs and methods for reducing the amount of water consumed by residences, industry and agriculture. Examples of applications are often seen in areas such as reusing runoff, reducing evaporation from reservoirs and using reprocessed water for industrial purposes. The double piping system is expected to result in an increased percentage of water reprocessing in the coming years.
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM [ Water supply system ] Collection, processing, storage and distribution of drinking water from source to consumer.
WATER HARDNESS [ Water hardness ] The water hardness caused by the presence of calcium carbonate and other chemicals in the water prevents foaming and causes accumulation on the water. Water can be softened by treating it with lime and soda ash and filtering it or passing it through a porous cation.
WATER STERILIZATION [ Water sterilization ] The process applied to drinking water after purification.
WATER COLLECTION [ Impound ] Collecting and storing water for purposes such as hydroelectric power generation, drinking water supply or irrigation.
WATER COLLECTION BASIN (DRAINAGE BASIN) [ Drainage Basin ] A piece of land that continuously accentuates rainfall waters towards a certain outlet.
WATER HOLDING BASIN [ Catchment ] A drainage basin that collects and collects rain water.
Waterproofing sheet: A flexible material, generally in the form of rolls, used to perform waterproofing.
Waterproofing: Processes made on the surface of the building envelope in order to protect the buildings against water or moisture that may come from all directions.
WATER WAY: The direction in which the fibers accelerate while producing paper. It is also called the machine direction. The papers with the reverse water path (using a right angle with the fiber direction used in the production of the paper) cause a lot of trouble since they do not walk in the printing.
WATER SOFTENERS [ Water softeners ] Mineral compounds that soften water by ion exchange process.
GROWING PRODUCTS IN WATER [ Aquaculture ] A method of artificially accelerating the production of organisms living in fresh or salt water.
Wetlands [ Wetlands ] Areas such as peatlands and marshes with sufficient surface or ground water to support vegetation or aquatic life requiring saturated soil conditions; important wildlife habitats providing habitat for many fish and waterfowl species.
WET OXIDATION [ Wet oxidation ] Fragmentation of highly concentrated sludge by flameless combustion method, which leads to the formation of hot gases.
WET WASHER [ Wet scrubber ] Air pollution inspection device used to remove particles or gases by passing the bubbled waste gas through the liquid or by spraying the liquid into the gas stream.
SURGE ( WAVE - PRESSURE MIX ): It is the movement of a positive wave in the flow direction and a negative wave together in the opposite direction of the flow as a result of the sudden deterioration of the velocity in fluids. It is the water hammer (SURGE) event that occurs when the valve is suddenly closed while pumping.
SURGE JACKETS: These are the elements that discharge to the surge tank in case the pressure value deemed suitable for the safety of the line is exceeded.
SURGE SYSTEM: It is the system that ensures the safety of the line in case of pressure fluctuations and pressure rises on the line.
SURGE TANK: It is the tank where some oil is taken and stored after the surge system is activated in order to ensure the safety of the line in case of pressure fluctuations on the line.
Dewatered sludge [ Dewatered sludge ] Sewage sludge that has been treated to reduce the liquid content in order to bring it to a consistency suitable for combustion or to be used as fertilizer.
DEWATERING: It is the operation of replacing the salt water accumulated in the cavern with the injected gas after the completion of the leaching process and dewatering the cavern. (Relevant: Tuz Gölü Underground Natural Gas Storage Project)
WATER TRANSPORTED DISEASES [ Waterborne diseases ] Epidemic diseases such as cholera, typhoid fever, smallpox, dysentery, stomach and intestinal inflammation, hepatitis, which are usually carried by contaminated water.
LEAKAGE OF WATER [ Percolation ] The descent of water from rocks or soil by seeping downwards.
REUSE OF WATER [ Water reuse ] After the treatment of waste water, it is not discharged to the receiving environment and used especially for irrigation purposes.
CLEANING WATER [ Water purification ] The treatment of water through filtration, chemical processes, distillation or freezing processes as part of the necessary methods to produce drinking water.
SULFIDE: It is the general name of sulphurous components used as fragrance material. They are widely used in terms of chemical stability, physical properties and odor intensity. The most used component is THT (Tetra Hydra Thiophene). (Relevant: Fragrance)
SULFUR (SULFUR) [ Sulfur ] A non-metallic element with a wide variety of commercial and medical uses.
SULFUR (SULFUR) DIOXIDE [ Sulfur dioxide ] Colorless, irritating, pungent odor gas formed by the combustion of sulfur in air; One of the major air pollutants that comes from the combustion of sulfur, which is found in most fuels.
SULFUR (SULFUR) CYCLE [ Sulfur cycle ] Cycle of sulfur containing compounds in biosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and lithosphere.
SULFUR (SULFUR) TRIOXIDE [ Sulfur trioxide ] Compound consisting of three oxygen and one sulfur atom, in which sulfur dioxide is oxidized in the atmosphere by catalytic or photochemical processes. It turns into sulfuric acid with moisture in the air and causes acid rain.
SULFURIC ACID [ Sulfuric acid ] A dark oily liquid that is colorless in its pure form. It is the most widely used, highly toxic and corrosive industrial chemical.
Sulfurization: It is the combination of sulfur compounds with petroleum-based lubricating oils.
CREEP: It is the movement of the walls of the salt cavern to flow slowly with the gas filling-discharge cycle or the effect of tectonic activities. Same time; This name is also given to the natural self-healing movement of salt, which may occur during drilling and dissolving operations, which causes the closure of cracks and fractures in the salt. (Relevant: Tuz Gölü Natural Gas Underground Storage Project)
WASTE [ Litter ] Solid waste scattering haphazardly on streets, highways and vacant lots.
SWEEPING: It is the process of throwing unburned hydrocarbons, which are likely to be found in the combustion chamber (cell) or waste gas channels of natural gas devices, to the open air by forced blowing before ignition.
SPEED TRAIN [ Bullet train ] Extremely fast train.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT [ Sustainable development ] Economic growth policies that allow the needs of present generations to be met without jeopardizing the needs of future generations.
Continuous Fiber Wrapping Method: It refers to the method of applying fiber and resin on an infinitely mobile mold system that can produce continuous pipes.
GATE VALVE: It is the element that performs the opening and closing task in pipelines with the up and down movement of the disc-shaped slider. Such valves are not used as regulating valves. Also known as gate valve. They must be kept in either the open or closed position.
Friction: The resistance that opposes motion when two surfaces are in contact; friction of surfaces creates heat.
Ornamental PILYAGI: It is the support point made at a distance of 3-5 mm from the spine of the products such as books, catalogs, etc., which allows the pages to be opened easily.
FILTERING [ Filtration ] A process used in liquid waste treatment, which reduces bacteria and other organisms, while separating unsettled waste matter and colloids, and filtering the waste through a layer of granular materials. Sewage water treatment filters are generally sandy filters, while pressure filtration is used to separate the water from the sludge.
Filtering layer: The layer that prevents the dust transfer between the layers.
INfiltration [ Infiltration ] Absorption of the water flowing from the surface by the soil; the infiltration process that allows the soil to function as a reservoir, gradually releasing water into streams and surface currents.
SWAP: It means gas exchange.
Sweetening: Processes of removing malodorous sulfur compounds (mainly hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans and thiophenes) from petroleum fractions or streams, or converting them (as in mercaptans) into odorless, light colored and oxidation-resistant compounds.
SYN Gas: Synthesis gas.
SYNDET [ Synthetic detergent ] Synthetic detergent.
S
Witness Sample: It refers to the product taken and stored together with the sample.
Alum bath: Acid bath. Zinc is made for washing the mold.
Conditioning: The materials are kept at a certain temperature after heating and then cooled at a certain speed. This practice reduces the internal stress in the molding.
CITY SUPPLY LINE: It is the high pressure pipeline connecting the City Entry Station to the Transporter's Main Transmission Network.
CITY ENTRANCE STATION (Station for short): It is the whole of the facility consisting of the related equipment and buildings where the high-pressure natural gas coming from the City Supply Line is reduced to the desired pressure value and measured, as well as other processes that may be needed regarding the natural gas such as heating, blending, filtering and odorizing. .
CITY ENTRANCE MEASUREMENT AND PRESSURE SETTING STATION: In order to determine the total gas supplied to any settlement and to adjust the gas pressure; It is the counter and regulator unit built at the beginning (input) of the city network.
CITY NETWORK: It is a pipe network consisting of sections such as Mains Line, Distribution Network, Service Lines of various diameters and various pressures that carry natural gas from the exit of the city entrance stations to the building entrances owned by the consumers, and composed of steel and polyethylene lines with a maximum operating pressure of 25 bar.
Chelate/Complex Agent: Molecules that can bind to a metal ion with several bonds (additives); They deactivate (deactivate) the metal. Such additives are particularly used to increase the stability of polymers in contact with metal (eg cables). Examples of chelating agents are EDTA, ethylene diamine and phosphites.
Bonding in strips: Adhering the waterproofing membrane to the underlying layer in the form of an unglued strip of 5 – 10 cm along the width of the cover.
Strip: They are prepregs in the form of strips, which are prepared in a width of up to 305 mm when made of unidirectional carbon fiber and up to 75 mm when made of boron fiber.
NOP (Natural Gas Network Operation Regulations): Principles on Transmission Network Operational Regulations, prepared in order to record certain rights and obligations of parties related to the transportation of natural gas via the Transmission Network, within the framework of the Natural Gas Market Law No. 4646 and the legislation based on this Law.
Shift: displacement,
COMPLAINT EXAMINATION: It is the examination carried out upon the written application of the owner of the measuring and measuring instrument or another person or institution to determine whether the measuring and measuring instruments are working correctly.
ŞİRAZE: Books, catalogs, etc. It is called a thin strip knitted from yarn at both ends of the place where they are attached to the cover.
SHIRING: It is the process of wrapping the plastic packaging material (foil) on the products and gluing the edges with the help of heat in order to send the printed materials such as magazines, books, brochures, catalogs, which are ready for delivery, to the mail individually or in pairs or triplets. prevents it from being seen and scattered.
BLOWING PRESSURE: The pressure required to bring the parison to the shape in the mold in the blow molding operation.
BLOW MOLDING: It is the process of inflating the hot plastic semi-molten tube (Parison) between the two halves of the mold and inflating it according to the desired shape. This improves the gas barrier, rigidity, transparency and impact resistance of the container better than extrusion (extraction) molding; and as a result the weight of the container is also reduced.
Swelling: Generally defined, it is the increase in volume of a solid substance by absorbing a liquid. For example, as raw or vulcanized rubber absorbs organic liquids (such as benzene, and gasoline), its volume increases by several times its original volume. Swelling is also seen in some colloids that come into contact with other liquids.
SHOMİZ: A printed cover that is usually placed on the covers of the books.
T
T-PIECE: Unless otherwise requested, it is generally a right-angle pipe fitting that allows for another separation line connection over the pipeline.
LAYER OFFSET (FLAT OFFSET): It is the technique of printing cut (sheet) paper.
Separation into Layers: It is the separation of the layers that make up the composite laminate from each other, regionally or in a wide area. It can occur during curing or later, during its service life.
FLOOR AREA COEFFICIENT [Floor area ratio] The ratio between the total size of a building plot and the maximum allowed floor area of the building to be built on that plot.
BASE LAYER (PLASTIC): The part of the mold that contains the base diameter and is pushed to form the mold.
BASE: The stern of the bottle or jar - usually marked with a recycling code or indented writing.
Table: It is the flat surface of the molding press where the mold halves are connected. These surfaces are generally horizontal in compression presses.
Tabular Reactor: Tubular reactor.
DISCHARGE SAFETY VALVE: It is a device that automatically discharges gas in the natural gas network or installations at the outlet of the pressure reduction station in case the gas pressure exceeds the upper limit of the permitted safety pressure. (Attention: Safety Valve)
DISCHARGE OPERATION: It is the process of storing crude oil coming from outside by sea.
DISCHARGE DEVICE: It is the assembly consisting of a pressure pipe in the pipeline between equipment or valves. (Reference: Pressure Blowdown Device.)
DISCHARGE: See… Unloading
Estimated Ultimate Production: It is the sum of the estimated potentially producible crude oil in an accumulation and the amount produced until then.
IRRITANT [Irritant] Airborne pollutant that causes irritation to the eyes or itching of the skin. TAXONOMY [Taxonomy] The science of classifying organisms.
DESTRUCTED INSPECTION (DT): It is an inspection method that is applied to the test piece and rarely to the work piece, and it is an examination method where the part becomes unusable as a result of the inspection, but a number of values is obtained, pulling, bending, notched impact etc. are methods like. With these methods, information is obtained about the mechanical properties of materials and / or weld seams. (DT: Destructive Test)
NON-DESTRUCTIVE INSPECTION (NDT): Ultrasonic, radiography, magnetic particle, liquid penetrant etc. that leave no damage or trace on the inspected part. examination methods such as. These methods are applied in order to detect whether there is any defect inside the semi-finished materials or the weld seam area. As a result of the inspection, the part or product is available. (NDT: Non Destructive Test)
ALLOCATION: It is the amount of gas shared within the scope of UPP (Basic Usage Procedures and Principles) according to the programs of Service Users approved by the Storage Company for the relevant Day.
Tail Gas: It is the lightest hydrocarbon gas from a refinery process.
TAKE OFF: They are small reinforced concrete structures with a manhole cover, which are built underground to get gas from the main network line (at certain points) of a Natural Gas City Network.
Tachometer: An indicator instrument that shows the speed of an engine per minute.
Tacticity: The regularity of repeating units that follow each other in the main chain of a macromolecule or polymer molecule.
Reinforcement Material: It refers to other materials such as wood, metal, honeycomb, foam that are used during production and increase its mechanical properties by remaining within the product, but do not directly bond with the matrix.
Reinforcement: It is a durable material bonded to the matrix in order to increase the mechanical properties of the matrix material.
Reinforced Plastics: It refers to products made of thermoset or thermoplastic resins that are shaped by various methods after the addition of reinforcement materials such as fabric, felt, ribbon, etc.
FALI EXIT POINT: It is the station exit valve of stations not directly connected to the Main Transmission Network, located downstream of a main exit point and whose ownership and operating responsibility belongs to the carrier.
FULL SIZE: It is the length of the pipe after it has been cut in certain dimensions.
FULL SCALA: The maximum measurement value designed to measure within the transducer's specification. Full scale is also known as Nominal Capacity.
FULL COMBUSTION: It is the chemical reaction of natural gas with the required amount of combustion air calculated in accordance with its chemical composition. CH4 + 2O2 + 8N2 → CO2 + 2H2O + 8N2 + ENERGY
Full adhesion: Adhering the entire surface of the waterproofing cover to the lower layer without leaving any non-adhered part in between.
Total Failure: All unexpected failures caused by mechanical, thermal or electrical problems.
Completion: Making a production well, production tube, wellhead and Christmas Tree ready for production by assembling.
REPAIR BAND: These are tapes manufactured for the purpose of repairing possible small tears and damages in the coating of pipes covered with polyethylene based protective tape. As with the application of hot and cold wrap tapes, the surface to be repaired should be cleaned very well until the shiny metal surface appears.
TANAP (Trans-Anatolian NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT): natural gas will be produced in Azerbaijan's Shah Deniz 2 field in the Caspian Sea is a line of pipes which aims to move to Europe via Turkey and Turkey.
TANK CALIBRATION SCHEDULE: It is the amount of volume corresponding to 1 mm of the tank.
TANK SEDDESİ: Structures with a certain area and height surrounding the tank in order to prevent crude oil from spreading around in case the tank is ruptured.
TANKER DOMESTIC WATER LINE: It is the line that provides the domestic water requirement of the ships. TAP: It is the Trans Adriatic Natural Gas Pipeline.
Plug: The actual item used to create the mold, to be copied in fiberglass or other composite materials. The plug can be the real part or a special shape made from almost any type of material.
PLUG VALVE: It is the element that performs the opening and closing function in pipelines by rotating the cylinder or conical shaped plug with a hole in the middle.
SCANNER: It is a device used to convert transparent or opaque images into digital format.
HISTORICAL CONSERVATION [Historic preservation] Identification, evaluation, conservation, maintenance, restoration and reconstruction of historical assets for future generations.
AGRICULTURAL (EKO) SISTEM [Agro (eco) system] The relationship between agricultural activities and their environment.
AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION [Agricultural pollution] Liquid and solid wastes resulting from agricultural activity.
AGRICULTURAL FORESTRY [Agroforestry] Soil management techniques that combine agricultural and forestry methods to grow trees or similar plants on the same soil with agricultural products or animals.
DESIGN PRESSURE: See… Projecting Pressure
SAVING VALVE: It is a valve placed to store hot water in a part or all of the boiler.
DISPOSAL The process of liquidation or processing of a substance. Waste disposal refers to the treatment of waste water and the treatment of solid waste.
Carrying capacity The maximum ability of a system to overcome the increase in population without deteriorating environmental quality.
CARRIER [Vector] Disease, parasite or infectious organism.
TASKIN [Flood] Soil being temporarily overrun by a river or large bodies of water created by a large amount of rain or other reasons.
TASKIN AREA [Flood plain] Land adjacent to a flood source that forms the valley floor and is often tasked.
FLOOD PLAIN MANAGEMENT Planning and implementation designed to use flood areas and minimize damage from floods. The type of zoning in these areas; The regulations that determine the density and structural form constitute the basis of the land management.
FLOOD CONTROL Techniques such as embankments, canals, dams and dams used to control or minimize damage caused by floods.
DRAWING: It is the process of plastering paper, binding cloth, leather, etc. materials with glue on cardboard and similar materials.
Carrier (reinforcement): Cover placed in or on waterproofing covers to provide mechanical strength.
Carrier and Protective Film: It refers to cellophane or polyethylene transparent bendable strips used on both surfaces of the sheet in order to obtain special surface effects in the sheet process, protect and carry the continuous sheet throughout the process.
Overflow (Burr): It is the excess material that occurs in the separation line.
OVERFLOW CAPACITY: The maximum volume of the bottle when filled to the top. This value helps manufacturers determine whether their product will fit the specified bottle type.
OVERFLOW SHARE: The margin added to ensure that the print up to the edge of the paper can be trimmed properly. Bleed must be given for ground works.
Overflow: Excess material that overflows from the mold cavity during molding. It is an excess of plastic material that can leak into the cavity along the mold jointing line and must be trimmed after the part is removed from the mold.
FRESH WATER: It is an unsaturated water solution used for the dissolution process. (Re: Tuz Gölü Natural Gas Underground Storage Project)
FRESH WATER RESOURCES [Freshwater bodies] Ponds, lakes, springs, streams, streams, streams, etc.
ANNEALING: It is the process of slowly heating the hard lamella cementite in the steel material texture into spherical cementite, keeping it between 830 ° C and 900 ° C for a period of time and cooling it slowly in the furnace.
ANNEALED PIPE: Pipes that are subjected to controlled heat treatment in atmosphere or vacuum after final cold forming are called annealed pipes.
TEFLON BAND: It is the band that is wrapped in the thread direction of the pipe threads in order to provide sealing in threaded connections in pipe joints.
Tangent Modulus: It is the slope of the tangent line drawn at a predetermined point on the static stress-strain curve expressed in unit stress per unit area.
THREATENED SPECIES [Endangered speciies] Fauna and flora, in whole or in part, under threat of extinction.
THREATENED SPECIES [Threatened species] Rare species that may be difficult to survive for various reasons in the near future.
HAZARDOUS WASTES [Hazardous wastes] Wastes containing substances that, if not properly managed, pose a danger to human health and the environment, and can lead to illness or death. Especially flammable waste such as hydrocarbons, corrosive wastes such as acids and alkalis, self-reactive reactive wastes, agricultural pesticides, arsenic compounds, radioactive compounds, cadmium compounds, etc.
HAZARD DETERMINATION ANALYSIS (HAZID The Hazard Identification): It is the general system hazard analysis report when the layout plan, heat mass balance and process flow diagram information are available.
HAZARD AND OPERABILITY ANALYSIS (HAZOP Hazard and Operability): It is the technique of facilities to identify risks to people, equipment, environment and / or organization.
Hazard: Refers to the potential for harm or damage to the employee or the workplace, existing in the workplace or that may come from outside.
Mono Grade Oil: An engine oil that meets a single SAE viscosity grade classification.
SINGLE USE [Disposable] For disposal after one use.
Single Ended Wick: It is obtained by directly winding the glass fibers flowing from the casings containing many holes.
One Directional Laminate: It is a reinforced plastic laminate in which all fibers are directed to the same direction.
ONE WAY PACKAGING [One way packging] Non-recyclable packaging; disposable packaging.
Textile Yarns: It is a reinforcement material obtained by twisting glass fibers.
TEL (Tetra Ethyl Lead): It is an additive that improves the knock feature of gasoline; raises the octane number.
TEL [Tetraethyl lead] Tetraethyl lead.
WIRE STITCH: It is the process of combining intertwined forms using a cover with a wire. It is generally used in brochure style works with few pages. It is divided into two as flat and Omega. Flat wire stitch is generally in the form of 2 flat staples on the back of the work. the pieces are protruding for attaching to the folder.
CONTACT FILM: It is a liquid or flexible material placed between the probe and the material to be examined in order to provide or facilitate the input of ultrasonic energy into the part.
Contact Molding: It is a molding process in which reinforcement material is placed in an open mold and impregnated with resin. By adding a curing system consisting of catalyst and accelerator into the resin, curing is achieved by heating it in the furnace at room temperature or without an additional pressure. Hand lay-up and spraying methods are contact molding methods.
BASIC USAGE PROCEDURES AND PRINCIPLES (UPP): These are the procedures and principles regarding the use of the Storage Facility prepared by the Storage Company in order to determine the rights and obligations of the parties regarding the Standard Service and submitted to the approval of EMRA.
BASEL PROFILE [Baseline profile] Investigation of environmental conditions and organisms in an area before artificial degradation.
CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES [Clean technologies] Technologies without polluting effects.
CLEANING [Purification] The process of converting organic, separable material into stable, stable material; Part of the lagim water processing process; when applied to water, this means destroying harmful bacteria by processes such as chlorination or aeration; In terms of air, it means cleansing the atmosphere from particles.
THEORETICAL REQUIREMENT OF AIR: It is the amount of air required for the fuel to be fully combusted according to the chemical combustion equation under laboratory conditions.
Peak Stream: Top stream.
Terrace roof: Roof with a slope of 5% or less. A slope lower than 2% is not recommended to ensure proper water drainage.
TERRACING An embankment built on the contour of a slope to control the surface flow of water and minimize soil erosion.
Thermal (Thermal) Cracking: It is the process of breaking down heavy oil molecules into lighter fractions at high temperatures without the aid of any catalysts.
Thermal Degradation (Degradation): It is the decomposition of hydrocarbons by giving unstable compounds at high temperatures. Unstable compounds tend to oxidize and polymerize; resins, waxes form coke and sludge (sludge).
THERMAL CUTTING DEVICE: It is a safety device designed to stop the gas flow in case the surrounding air temperature exceeds a predetermined value.
Thermal Conversion: Thermal conversion.
THERMAL MASS: Thermal mass flow meters often use combinations of heated elements and temperature sensors to measure the mass flow of a fluid. The fluid temperature is also measured and compensated. They provide a direct mass flow reading and do not require any additional pressure temperature compensation within the specified range.
Thermal Recovery: It is one of the processes applied to gain more product from a formation; Heat is supplied to the reservoir to reduce the viscosity of heavy oils in the reservoir and to increase their fluidity and allow them to flow into the well. Heating is provided by steam injection (steam repellency) or by burning some of the oil in the reservoir (burning in place) by injecting air.
THERMAL POWER PLANT [Fossil fuel plant] Power plant using fossil fuel.
TERMINAL: It is the element that helps the combustion gases to be expelled or escaped by placing it at the outlet of the waste gas chimney system, while reducing the backlash and preventing the entrance of the elements that can block the chimney system.
THERMO LAC: It is water-based, protective and decorative and has an adhesion feature. Also known as Blister Lacquer. Specially designed Thermocolon lacquer is applied on Aluminum foil (Blister foil) and provides thermal adhesion to rigid PVC and PS.
THERMO -PLASTIC: The material, which is softened by repeated heating and hardened by cooling, is generally used for lids.
The First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy is conserved in an isolated system.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics (Clausius)
Second Law of Thermodynamics (Kelvin)
Third Law of Thermodynamics
Thermodynamic Laws
Thermoforming: It is the shaping of the fiber reinforcement without cracking or breaking it, after being heated to the point where the thermoplastic material becomes soft enough.
Thermoforming: It is one of the processing processes of thermoplastic sheets or films. The material is heated to the temperature at which it will be formed, then formed on (or inside) a temperature-controlled mold; The mold is waited until it cools down and the shaped part is removed from the mold. The thermoforming process is diverse; For example, it can be done under vacuum or by the application of pressure.
Thermogenic Methane: Eating organic matter such as plant and animal residues.
Thermocouple: It refers to a temperature measuring element obtained by welding the ends of two different metal alloys.
Thermoplastic Elastomer: They are polymers similar to elastomers; can be stretched again without distorting the original shape of the material. They are real thermoplastics so there is no need for curing.
Thermoplastic Rubber: They are rubbers that do not need chemical vulcanization; They retain their softening and solidification properties in repeated heating and cooling processes, the loss of their original characteristics is very low.
Thermoplastic Polyesters: It is a class of thermoplastic polymers in which self-repeating groups are bonded to each other by ester groups.
Thermoplastic: It is a plastic group that softens with the increase of heat, hardens with falling, and shows reproducible features.
Thermoplastic: They are plastic (or resin) compounds that generally consist of linear or less branched structures, soften at high temperatures and harden at low temperatures, maintain the same behavior in repeated temperature raising and lowering processes. They have moderate crystallinity and high tensile elongation.
Thermoset Rubber: Chemically vulcanized rubbers; They cannot be remelted and remolded before their original characteristics deteriorate or disintegrate.
Thermoset Plastic: Since they are cured or cross-linked compounds, they are long-lasting and heat-resistant, it is not possible to rework or shape them. Molecules undergo chemical and phase change due to factors such as heat, catalyst, ultraviolet light, etc., three-dimensional cross-links (network structure) form between polymer chains and become non-meltable. Typical plastics from this group are amino compounds (melamine and urea), many polyesters, alkyds, epoxies and phenolics.
Thermoset Polyester: It is a class of resins produced by dissolving unsaturated alkyd resins in vinyl-based active monomers such as styrene and methyl styrene or in diallyl phthalate, generally in a linear structure.
Thermoset: It is a class of plastic that turns into an insoluble and non-meltable substance after it is cured by the addition of heat or a chemical substance.
THERMOSPHERE [Thermosphere] The layer of the atmosphere above the mesopause where its heat increases as it rises.
Terpolymer: It is a polymeric system containing three monomeric units.
Terpolymer: It is a polymer formed as a result of three separate monomer combinations.
Reverse Rotation: A notch or bump that prevents a molded part from being removed from a rigid mold.
REVERSE OSMOSIS [Reverse osmosis] The movement of the solvent through the filters under pressure towards a lower density solution in high-density solutions; It is used to treat water to remove undesired dissolved solids and colloids.
Random Distribution: It is the winding process performed without relying on a fixed pattern.
TEST PRESSURE: It is the pressure applied to the fluid filled in the line in order to test the sealing and strength of the natural gas pipeline or distribution line, which is completed and made ready for operation.
TEST HEAD: They are specially manufactured components for water filling and discharging, PIG sending and receiving, measurement control devices and pump, compressor connections in the whole or partial hydrostatic test of the line.
TEST PIT: See… Trial Pit
TEST NIPPLES: Elements that are placed on accessories and pipelines in order to be used in pressure measurements to be made during leakage testing, maintenance and adjustments.
LEVELING [Grading] Re-profile a site to functionally establish soil surface and subsoil drainage patterns and minimize soil erosion, improve appearance, facilitate irrigation or distribute excess soil in the most efficient way.
TETRAETIL KURSUN [TEL = Tetraethyl lead] Very toxic organic chemical substance. When it is added to a certain amount of petroleum fuel, it prevents sedimentation, increases the octane number of the fuel and provides better efficiency from the engine. Since the inorganic lead ejected from the exhaust pipe poses a danger to human health, various legal measures have been implemented against the addition of lead compounds to fuels.
TETRAMETIL COURSE [TML = tetramethyl lead] A chemical similar to, but more active than, the tetraethyl course used as an anti-knock agent in gasoline.
THERMOFORMING: A method of heating a plastic layer until it softens and becomes foldable. Then, the desired shape is given to this layer using vacuum, pressure and mechanical assistance.
THP [Toxicity, hazard, persistence] Toxicity, danger, durability.
COMMERCIAL WASTES [Trade effluents] workplace waste.
TIFF: Video is a computer format used to store images from digital cameras or cameras or scanners.
TIGHTLINE: It is the flow of oil in the pipeline with the liquid phase due to high pressure. It is called a tight line.
CLIMBING [Intrainment] The movement of particulate matter in sediment or suspended gas or liquids from the bottom upwards by means of vertical conveying forces.
NAIL CLOSING: Screw type closure where the screw thread is not continuous but spaced. One advantage is that the application is very fast as the cap requires a rotation angle of several degrees. In contrast, a normal continuous screw cap requires a 360 degree rotation angle or more to impress the seal.
COMMERCIAL MEASURING EQUIPMENTS: Measuring Equipment used in the Measuring Line or Measuring Lines, which are used to determine the amount of natural gas delivered.
COMMERCIAL DELIVERY POINT: It is the point where the delivered natural gas amount is measured. TIE - IN: It is the combination of two steel lines.
Tidal Energy: Look. Med-Cezir Energy.
TIFDURUK (PIT PRINTING): It is the most advanced industrial printing technique in the world. It serves in magazine publishing, textile and especially in the packaging industry. Its biggest feature is that it makes infinite pressure. (Since the printing is made on a flat cylinder, there is no such thing as skirt scissors shares, the whole surface of the cylinder is fully printed)
Thixotropic: These are materials that are gel-like when at rest, but fluid when shaken.
Thinner: It is the solvent used to thin paints and primers before application.
TINT: It is the screen values of an extra color used in certain proportions.
TYPE PRINTING: It is the high printing made with metal letters. It requires a long and laborious print preparation process. The method of arranging metal letters in a single page is used. Although the print preparation process has improved, it is far from the possibilities provided by today's desktop publishing system. There are two cylinders in letterpress printing. One of them is the die cylinder, the other is the printing cylinder. It is a direct printing system, that is, the image on the mold is directly transferred to the printing material. While the higher parts on the mold take the ink, the lower parts do not take the ink. The higher parts perform the printing. (Similar to potato print) The image on the plate is reversed.
TİRE: It consists of two tones such as black and white, that is, the absence of intermediate tones.
TMF [Tropical moist forest] Tropical moisture forest.
TML [Tetramethyl lead] Let Tetra methyl lead.
TNEL [Total noise exposure level] Total noise exposure level.
TNR [Total noise rating] Total noise rating.
TOXICOLOGY [Toxicology] The discipline that studies poisons and their effects, mechanisms of action and purification methods.
TOLERANCE [Tolerance] The ability of an organism to cope with changes in its environment; Safety level of a chemical applied to human or animal food.
TOLERANCE: It is the measurement differences in pipes, installations and machinery elements that are outside of the nominal size, but within the acceptable dimensions of that nominal size.
Tolerance: It is the value at which a component can deviate the most from its specifically determined characteristics in a standard environment.
SOIL, SOFT [Floc] A set of solids formed in lagim water by biological or chemical action.
COLLECTION, SOFTENING During the wastewater treatment, physicochemically, the formation of lumps and the removal of un-settled wastes from the environment.
TOTAL CAPACITY: It is the maximum gas flow rate that can be consumed in one hour by all devices in a building and used in dimensioning the building installation.
Total Produced Crude Oil: Identified reserve
COLLECTION CHANNEL [Interceptor sewer] Large channel line that collects effluent from main ducts and transports lagim water to the treatment plant.
Collection network. The term used for the whole sewage system.
COLLECTION (ASSEMBLY): It is the process of finalizing the products such as boxes, bags, etc., whose jobs such as lamination and cutting are finished after printing.
COMMUNITY A group of species that are located in a certain geographical area and interact.
TOPOGRAPHY [Topography] Physical form of the earth's surface.
SOIL COLLECTION [Land subsidence] Downward collapse of the ground surface for various reasons, especially as a result of removal of substances such as coal, salt, gold water or oil.
SOIL Erosion [Soil erosion] The natural process where soil particles are changed and crumbled by the effect of air and then transported by wind and water.
SOIL RECOVERY [Land reclamation] Changing the soil to be used for agriculture and development by building dams, canals and pumping systems.
GROUND SLIP [Mass wasting] Under the influence of gravity, the downward movement of rock or soil slowly or at a high speed.
Soil consevation Soil use management applied to minimize soil degradation due to erosion, loss of soil balance or loss of nutrients ingested by plants.
SOIL USE SURVEY [Land use survey] An inventory of land use patterns in a specific area. This study is often summarized as an explanatory map and statistical data.
LAND USE MAP A map showing the land use situation in a geographic region, political boundaries, transportation network and water occurrences in the region.
LAND USE PLAN [Land use plan] Official proposal on how the land will be used, including public and private development.
LAND USE [Land use] The forms of land allocated for industrial, residential, recreational or other purposes.
SOIL COVER [Ground cover] Plants grown to reduce soil erosion caused by wind and water.
SOIL TEMPERATURE: It is the ground temperature at a depth of approximately 1 meter. In practice, the elevation where the relevant buried pipeline is located is taken as the measurement depth. Its unit is degrees Celsius.
SOIL MANAGEMENT A management aiming at the development and protection of the soil in order to provide the maximum long-term benefit in terms of the needs of the present population and future generations and the protection of the natural environment.
TOPRAKBILIM (PEDOLOJI) [Pedology] Science related to soil.
EARTH [Terrestiral] It's about the land, it's about the land.
Bag Molding: It is a process in which the compression and hardening of the reinforced resin deposited in the mold is achieved by applying gas or liquid pressure under a flexible membrane.
Bagging: It is the closing of a water and airtight film layer on the part that has not yet hardened and the part is made ready for vacuum application.
TORÇ: Especially in gas and submerged arc welding methods, it is the element that provides arc formation, control of the welding bath and welding seam, and in which the welding current, shielding gas (or dust), wire electrode passes. In manual welding, it is moved mechanically by the welder and in automatic applications.
Torque: the force of rotation applied to turn a shaft or other mechanism or give it a similar motion; It can be expressed in units such as foot-pound, joule, Newton-meter, etc.
Sludge: Residue.
Deposition of sediment The sedimentation of the material from the water column to the effluent bed when the energy of the flowing water is unable to withstand the unset sediment.
TOVALOP [Tanker Owners' Voluntary Agreement concerning Liability for Oil Pollution] Voluntary agreement on the liability of tanker owners for oil pollution.
Tow: Twisted bundles of continuous filaments. Generally used for carbon and graphites, but also for glass and aramid. There are 140,000 fibers in tow, which is defined as 140 K.
DUST [Dust] Solid particles larger than the particles that create smoke or fog, that can hang in the air.
SAW Submerged Arc Welding: The wire feed unit is similar to MIG / MAG welding, but the arc region is protected by a chemical powder (flux) instead of gas. Flux has the task of both protecting (creating slag on the seam surface) and alloying the weld metal. Since it enables welding at higher current intensities, it is widely used for welding parts with high wall thickness and large mass. It is applied automatically, especially in the horizontal and rarely in the lateral position.
TPE: Molecular structures where hard and soft regions are together.
TPE: Thermoplastic elastomer
TPIC: Turkey Petroleum of Corporation (TPAO) connected to Turkish Petroleum International Company Limited Company (TPIC) 12/24/2012 date for the transfer of our organization and the Council of Ministers Decision No. 2012/4152 date 01.22.2013 and published in Official Gazette No. 28 536 entered into force. TPIC was registered and announced on behalf of our Corporation on 12.07.2013. T
TPU: Thermoplastic elastomer urethane.
Tracer: Scout.
TRAFFIC POLLUTION Traffic pollution The total pollution caused by the atmospheric and noise pollution caused by vehicles and increasing with the density of traffic.
Traking: It is the load jump that occurs due to impurities on the insulating material between the electrodes at a certain distance.
TRAM: Lines formed by regular dot fogs on film or die.
TRANSFER EXIT POINT: A virtual point at an Entry Point where a Shipper or a generation company holding an Import License to the Shipper with a Wholesale License transfers the ownership and risk of some natural gas, following the measurement process.
TRANSFER ENTRY POINT: It is a virtual point at an Entry Point where a Wholesale License holder Shippers take over the ownership and risk of some natural gas from a Shipper or generation company holding an Import License, following the measurement process.
Transfer Molding: It is a molding method in which the thermoplastic resin, which is softened with heat in a transfer chamber, is then transferred to the closed mold through a suitable channel to take its final shape and harden.
TRANSIT LINE: DUdUr independent pipelines for exporting natural gas to other countries via Turkey.
TRANSMETER: Instruments that convert analog information (temperature, pressure, etc.) into digital information.
TRANSMITTER: It is a device that transfers the physical values received from the field by converting them into electrical energy.
TRANCHE: It is the name given to the channel opened in accordance with the pipe diameters and within the framework of the measurements and other issues specified in the technical specification to lay steel or polyethylene pipes underground during the construction of the pipeline.
TRASE: It is the drawing of the knife print of the work to be printed or the final finishing drawing on the back side of the printing face. It is printed as a single color.
SHAVING SHARP (CUTTING LINE): It is an auxiliary sign used to indicate the places of cut after cutting and cutting after cutting.
Treatment: Look. Processing.
Tribology: It is a science that studies the interactions of surfaces moving on each other; The interactions are based on two fundamental factors, load and friction force.
TRIGROMY: It is a type of printing with different screen angles printed with three-color serial dyes (Cyan + Magenta + Yellow).
Trillion Feet3: Unit of volume for natural gas, equal to 1 Quad.
Trimming: It is the process of removing overflowing excess in plastic molding.
Troposphere: It is the inner layer of the atmosphere (about 15 km); the temperature decreases steadily with increasing altitude.
TROPOPOZ [Tropopause] Upper nerve of the troposphere.
TROPOSPHERE [Troposphere] The inner layer of the atmosphere in which weather events take place, spreading to an altitude of 0-16 kilometers on the earth's surface.
TSD [Treatment, storage and disposal] Processing, storage and disposal.
TSO (TRANSMISSION SYSTEM OPERATOR): Transmission System Operator
TTSC [Two stage combustion] Two stage combustion.
TURBA [Peat] Fuel of partially segregated material found in peatlands and swamps.
TURBALIK [Science] Flat swampy land.
TURBINE DRILLING, A method of drilling by rotating a turbine-mounted drill rotated by high-pressure drilling mud. In this method, only the turbine engine and the drill directly connected to it rotate. Other elements of the team array do not rotate; It enables the drilling mud to reach the turbine with high pressure and make the necessary pressure on the drill.
TURBO-COMPRESSOR PACKAGE: It is the main equipment of compressor stations. It consists of a gas compressor, to which natural gas is transferred by compression, a gas generator that drives the compressor and auxiliary equipment.
TURNE, supervisor, engineer etc. working in mines. people's january trip.
It has been changed as TURUSGAZ Taahhüt Pazarlama ve Ticaret A.Ş.
Turusgaz: In order to import natural gas from Russia to Turkey with Turkish-Russian cooperation was established in 1993 as gamma-Gazprom in 1997, with 35% of the organization's subsidiary company title
Touch: It is the softness of the fabric that can be expressed by touching.
Retention basin [Retention basin] A pool or reservoir (depot) that receives excess surface flux due to any unusual reason and holds it for long-term storage.
HOLDING CELL [Catch press] Drainage chamber (chamber) under the street that prevents clogging of the sewer by preventing debris and debris carried by floods.
CHARGER [Arrester] Mechanical collector that collects particles from flue emissions.
CONTAINABLE [Inflammable] Readily flammable.
DEGREE OF IGNITION [Incendivity] Lower combustion limit in flammable materials.
IGNITION [Flaring] The process of burning excess or unnecessary gas in the atmosphere.
IGNITION TEMPERATURE The minimum temperature required for a gas or mixture of gas to start burning as heat energy from a hot surface or source. Ignition temperatures of some gases and their mixtures: methane 650-750 ° C, hydrogen 580-590 ° C, carbon monoxide 644-658 ° C, butane 480-530 ° C, normal gasoline 280 ° C, 100 octane gasoline 429 ° C. -> Burning.
IGNITION TEMPERATURE: It is the temperature value at which the object will ignite in order to start the combustion process. The ignition temperature for natural gas is 704 ° C.
TUTYA is zinc metal, usually containing 1-2% lead, obtained from the distillation of metallic zinc produced by reducing roasted or sintered zinc ore concentrate with coal in horizontal or modern vertical retorts with strong heat.
TUVÖNAN, 1) Ore or coal extracted from the mine and not subjected to any enrichment process. 2) Raw ore.
SALT DOME: It is a salt structure that is roughly in the form of a dome underground.
Desalting: The process of removing mineral salts (many chloride compounds, such as magnesium chloride and sodium chloride) from crude oil.
SALT WATER (BRINE): It is the salt water solution formed after the dissolution process.
BRINE DISCHARGE LINE: It is the pipeline that provides the discharge of brine obtained as a result of the solution process within the scope of the Tuz Gölü Natural Gas Underground Storage Project to Tuz Gölü.
SALT WATER POOL (BRINE BASIN): These are the pools where the brine solution is collected and diluted in order to be diluted before it is given to the discharge line. (Ref: Tuz Gölü Natural Gas Underground Storage Project)
SALT WATER MIXTURE [Salt water intrusion] Salt water contamination of groundwater; this event usually takes place in coastal areas. Tidal events in the estuaries and salt water transport into the estuaries with undercurrent.
SALINITY [Salinity] The amount of salt in the water; It can occur from natural sources as well as in wastewater infiltration. Excessive reuse of water aggravates salinity.
Desalination The process of desalination of water to make it suitable for human or animal consumption.
DEPLOYMENT [Depletion] Reduction of natural resources, depletion, drying, especially use for consumption purposes, loss of water due to evaporation or leakage.
Consumer Living organisms that provide energy by eating producer organisms or consumers weaker than themselves. Consumers are divided into classes such as primary, secondary and tertiary. Primary consumers live by eating producers. Secondary consumers eat primary consumers and so on. For example, a grass-eating deer is the primary consumer. The lion that eats the deer becomes the secondary consumer. (See producer)
CONSUMER COUNTER: These are the devices used to measure the gas delivered to the consumption area to be consumed (burned). (TS 8415, TS 5910, TS 5477) CONSUMPTION LINE: It is a part of the internal installation from the natural gas number to the separation lines and generally drawn horizontally.
Tulle: It is a very thin felt made of glass fiber or organic fibers, similar to a surface felt.
TUNNELS: These are the tunnels that are built in a size that a person can pass underground and where gas is likely to be collected.
TYPE [Species] A plant or group of animals. There is a close resemblance, common origin, and a continuous reproductive system among the members of the group. The species is the smallest widely used biological classification unit.
TURBINE METER: It is a gas measuring device that works according to the principle of recording the gas volume passing through the line, depending on the number of revolutions of the wheel rotated by the gas passing through it.
TURBINMETER: See… Turbine Counter
TURKEY CURRENT: natural gas reserves in Russia through the Black Sea to Turkey's natural gas distribution network directly linking Turkey and Southeastern Europe or the transportation projects.
TVL [Threshold limit value] Threshold limit value.
U / Ü
UV BALANCER (ULTRAVIOLET): Any chemical component that selectively absorbs UV rays when added to thermoplastic resin and minimizes possible physical or chemical changes.
UV INHIBITOR: The chemical that absorbs UV rays added to the plastic resin and helps prevent their damage, thus extending the life of the plastic. Tinuvin components are an example.
UCS [Uncontrolled site] Uncontrolled dumpsite.
End Number: It is the "end" number of bundles that are brought together while a roving bobbin is being wound.
Tip: It refers to the whole in which a certain number of glass filaments are held together. It is called a "bundle" when used without twisting, and called a "thread" when used in twisting.
Volatile [Volatile] Relatively volatile at low temperatures.
VOLATILE ALLERGENS [Aerdallergens] Airborne allergens such as plant dust and pollen that cause allergic diseases.
Volatile Gases: It is the diffusion of substances such as alcohol, water, acetone, styrene in a material formulation to the environment with an increase in temperature or in the form of vapor at room temperature.
FLY ASH [Fly ash] Low density, non-flammable particles carried by flue gas. UF [Uncertainty factor] Uncertainty factor.
Volatility: It can be defined as the evaporation tendency. Two physical properties determine the volatility of hydrocarbon mixtures (eg fuels); these are the vapor pressure and the distillation profile. A highly volatile fuel has a high vapor pressure and a low distillation starting temperature.
UF: Urea formaldehyde.
SHREDDING Shredding of solid waste into smaller pieces for faster separation.
UHMW: Ultra high molecular weight polymer (usually used for polyethylene).
UL: Founded in 1894, it is an American organization that tests plastic materials for end user safety.
ULTRASONIC INSPECTION: Based on the principle of observing the change of ultrasonic waves (mechanical vibrations at frequency levels greater than 20,000 Hz) while passing through a material, errors that may occur in metallic materials and / or weld seams of these materials are detected on a screen ( observed) is the non-destructive testing method.
NATIONAL BALANCING DEPARTURE POINT: It refers to the virtual point where a Shipper with positive imbalance is assumed to withdraw the amount of natural gas it releases into the system.
NATIONAL BALANCING ENTRY POINT: It is the virtual point where a Shipper with negative imbalance is supposed to deliver the amount of natural gas it withdraws from the system.
NATIONAL TRANSMISSION NETWORK: These are high pressure pipelines that are part of the national transmission system.
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION (IEC): It is the commission established to standardize and certify ectrotechnic systems. Presents industry standards (eg EIC 61508, 61511) that assist in determining the safety systems of electronic equipment. (ICE: Equipment Identification Code)
Prospective Resources: These are undiscovered resources that can be produced in the future; Technically and economically, they can be produced.
Uncertainty: Uncertainty
Unconformite: It is a worn surface; If the reservoir beds are below this surface, the surface (unconformity) is tilted and the impermeable beds above it form a cover, then a closure geometry is formed.
UNEP [UNEP = United Nations Environment Program] United Nations Environment Program.
Unproved Reserves: Unproven Reserves.
UOP: Universal Oil Products
Up-Dip Plug: This type of trap prevents the upward flow of oil, preventing it from flowing into another very favorable reservoir rock; The impermeable residues accumulated in the channels form a plug or set that cuts off contact with the lower parts of the reservoir. As the porosity and permeability of the reservoir change, the lower parts are permeable and porous, thus containing hydrocarbons, while the upper parts become impermeable and non-porous. As a result, part of the reservoir only holds water and cannot capture oil or gas.
UPSTREAM (THE FIRST SALES POINT OF GAS): It is the name given to the point where the gas is made ready for shipment in the country where it is produced.
URANIUM [Uranium] Radioactive metallic element required for nuclear power generation.
USTURMACA: They are rubber and rubber materials used to prevent damage to the ship and the business while leaning against the docking docks.
UV PRINTING: UV (ultraviolet) printing technique, with its resistance to sunlight, reduces the drying time to less than 1 second in order to restrict the drying of the printing works, as well as eliminating the reasons that damage the print such as fading from the sun due to its dye feature. The printing material produced with the UV Printing system is not affected by substances such as water, and does not deteriorate longer than the materials printed with offset printing.
UV DETECTOR: It is a control system developed to control the ignition spark of gas burners and to control the continuity of the flame. This system is applied in both gas and liquid fuel burners. (Interest: Flame Ionization Detector)
UV LAK: It is a lacquer process that is dried with ultraviolet light and used for protection against printing. UV Lacquer, in its long form, Ultraviolet Lacquer is a coating method for decoration and protection in the printing house. UV lac coating is always the necessary coating method for a solid packaging and a good looking packaging.
UVC exposure: Light source with the lowest wavelength used for plate exposure in flexo printing. UVC-exposure removes the stickiness on the plate surface. UVC light should not be viewed directly with the naked eye, as it is extremely harmful to the human eye.
UVENIL WATER, magma origin water that comes from the magma with volatile substances and condenses. -> Vados water.
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN [Implementation plan] Outlines of the work to be done in order to meet environmental quality standards in a certain period of time.
INCOMPATIBLE GAS: Natural gas delivered at an entry point or submitted for delivery, without complying with the gas entry provision or the Natural Gas Quality Specification attached to the NOP.
Adaptation The ability of living organisms to overcome environmental conditions.
Compatible: A term describing the tendency of different mixtures mixed with each other to precipitate; For example, when two different fuels are mixed, if the compounds they contain do not cause phase separation or precipitation by interacting with each other, they are called compatible substances.
COMPATIBLE BACTERIA [Facultative bacteri] Microorganisms that can survive in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
Compatibility: It is the ability of two or more substances to be used together in order to obtain a homogeneous structure in the properties of plastic materials. For example; such as the use of a certain binder in a particular resin type, according to their end use.
Remote sensing is a method of collecting information about physical properties from long distances, such as taking photographs from the air, by the presence of electromagnetic energy.
Elongation: The increase in the length (before rupture) of a stretched item.
Elongation: The amount of elongation under tensile force and expressed in%. The elongation at break expressed in the tensile test determines the amount of elongation shown by the material before rupture occurs.
LONG TERM STRENGTH: It is the strength value that polyethylene pipes can provide operation service for 100,000 hours or 50 years without being damaged.
Three-Dimensional Seismic: look. Seismic, Three Dimensional
THREE-WAY HYDRAULIC VALVE: Hydraulic equipment that cuts the hydraulic ways of loading arms, three movement pistons.
THIRD CLASS AREA (C): It is a commercial, industrial zone and development areas adjacent to the new settlement, with more than 28 buildings in the area of 1 km long on the pipeline route and 200 meters wide from the axis of the pipeline. (Ref: Site Class)
THIRD CLASS LEAK: These are leaks that do not cause any harm to the environment and persons at the time of detection and will not cause any possible damage in the future. (Ref: Gas Leakage Class)
THIRD PARTY SUPPLIER: Any person who buys or has the right to receive natural gas at any Entry Point for transportation over the Transmission Network of any shipper.
THIRD PARTY: An end user is any person who can reasonably prove that he or she is directly involved with NOP, including (but not limited to) the connecting system operator, the prospective shipper and the future connected system operator.
Third Production (Tertiary Recovery): It is a method of extracting the oil that still remains in the well after the second production, not only by pressurizing methods, but also by improving some properties of the residue, such as fluidity. Third production techniques include steam flotation and chemical injection.
THIRD TREATMENT [Tertiary treatment] Treatment of wastewater after secondary treatment. At this stage, organic pollutants, dissolved inorganic salts, phosphorus and nitrogen are removed in order to obtain water suitable for use for certain purposes.
UNIVERSAL FLEXIBLE CONNECTION PART: It is a flexible connection element that can compensate for axial movement, angular movement and lateral axis deviations in gas pipelines and installations.
Urea Formaldehyde Resin (UF): They are amino resins obtained from urea and formaldehyde; They harden when heated and when certain chemicals (catalysts or hardeners) are added.
Urethane Plastics: These are plastics molded with resins produced by reacting organic isocyanates with resins and compounds containing hydroxyl groups.
PRODUCERS [Producers] Living creatures growing by photosynthesis; plants.
MANUFACTURING REACTOR [Breeder] Reactor that converts non-fissionable atoms into fissile atoms of the same or different elements and produces more fuel than it consumes.
Recoverable Resources: The estimated amount of crude oil that can be produced from discovered or undiscovered deposits.
Unrecoverable Resources: It is a subclass of discovered unrecoverable resources; They cannot be produced technically or economically.
Production Factor: The ratio between the volume of oil (or gas) produced from a reservoir and the volume of oil (or gas) that can be produced.
Production Water: It is the water extracted from under the surface together with oil and gas; It consists of some chemical substances added during the production / processing processes with the water coming from the reservoir and injected into the formation. Production water is also called "brine" (may also contain large amounts of minerals and salt) or "formation water". Some production waters are very clean and can be used in livestock and irrigation provided that they comply with legal specifications.
PRODUCTION COMPANY: Natural Gas 07.03.1954 dated 6326 Petroleum Law removed the top place of the bed underneath in Turkey, cleaning and purification of the collection line with legal persons performing the activity of transportation to the transmission lines.
UPPER FLOW OPERATOR: It is the operator that operates the pipeline before the delivery point where BOTAŞ receives the natural gas.
HIGH HEAT VALUE: It defines the total value of the heat absorbed by the water vapor in addition to the effective thermal value released as a result of combustion. (Interest: Lower Calorific Value)
TOP LAYER [Lift] In a sanitary solid waste burying process, the section formed by the compressed layer of waste and the final cover.
UPPER EXPLOSION LIMIT (UPP): It is the highest gas mixture ratio that will cause an explosion when gas is mixed with air. For natural gas, this ratio (depending on its composition) is 14.5%. (Interest: Lower Explosion Limit)
UPPER LIMIT LOAD: The limit load that is equal to 1.15 times the rated load is called the upper limit load.
UPPER WIRE STITCHING: Top wire sewing method is used to bring together books, magazines, receipts, notepads, invoices and ticket stubs that are too thick to be fastened from the back. The only downside is that it doesn't allow pages to be opened completely. The wire may rust over time and tear the page. For this reason, the saddle stitching method should not be preferred in publications such as dictionaries and encyclopedias that should be reference and should be long-lasting.
[Load on top system] A method of making new loading on a mixture of residue and washing water left in the tanks instead of being poured into the sea in order to avoid polluting the sea on fuel-carrying ships. Later, in ports with suitable facilities, oil and water are subjected to the necessary procedures to separate them from each other.
U / Ü
UV BALANCER (ULTRAVIOLET): Any chemical component that selectively absorbs UV rays when added to thermoplastic resin and minimizes possible physical or chemical changes.
UV INHIBITOR: The chemical that absorbs UV rays added to the plastic resin and helps prevent their damage, thus extending the life of the plastic. Tinuvin components are an example.
UCS [Uncontrolled site] Uncontrolled dumpsite.
End Number: It is the "end" number of bundles that are brought together while a roving bobbin is being wound.
Tip: It refers to the whole in which a certain number of glass filaments are held together. It is called a "bundle" when used without twisting, and called a "thread" when used in twisting.
Volatile [Volatile] Relatively volatile at low temperatures.
VOLATILE ALLERGENS [Aerdallergens] Airborne allergens such as plant dust and pollen that cause allergic diseases.
Volatile Gases: It is the diffusion of substances such as alcohol, water, acetone, styrene in a material formulation to the environment with an increase in temperature or in the form of vapor at room temperature.
FLY ASH [Fly ash] Low density, non-flammable particles carried by flue gas. UF [Uncertainty factor] Uncertainty factor.
Volatility: It can be defined as the evaporation tendency. Two physical properties determine the volatility of hydrocarbon mixtures (eg fuels); these are the vapor pressure and the distillation profile. A highly volatile fuel has a high vapor pressure and a low distillation starting temperature.
UF: Urea formaldehyde.
SHREDDING Shredding of solid waste into smaller pieces for faster separation.
UHMW: Ultra high molecular weight polymer (usually used for polyethylene).
UL: Founded in 1894, it is an American organization that tests plastic materials for end user safety.
ULTRASONIC INSPECTION: Based on the principle of observing the change of ultrasonic waves (mechanical vibrations at frequency levels greater than 20,000 Hz) while passing through a material, errors that may occur in metallic materials and / or weld seams of these materials are detected on a screen ( observed) is the non-destructive testing method.
NATIONAL BALANCING DEPARTURE POINT: It refers to the virtual point where a Shipper with positive imbalance is assumed to withdraw the amount of natural gas it releases into the system.
NATIONAL BALANCING ENTRY POINT: It is the virtual point where a Shipper with negative imbalance is supposed to deliver the amount of natural gas it withdraws from the system.
NATIONAL TRANSMISSION NETWORK: These are high pressure pipelines that are part of the national transmission system.
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION (IEC): It is the commission established to standardize and certify ectrotechnic systems. Presents industry standards (eg EIC 61508, 61511) that assist in determining the safety systems of electronic equipment. (ICE: Equipment Identification Code)
Prospective Resources: These are undiscovered resources that can be produced in the future; Technically and economically, they can be produced.
Uncertainty: Uncertainty
Unconformite: It is a worn surface; If the reservoir beds are below this surface, the surface (unconformity) is tilted and the impermeable beds above it form a cover, then a closure geometry is formed.
UNEP [UNEP = United Nations Environment Program] United Nations Environment Program.
Unproved Reserves: Unproven Reserves.
UOP: Universal Oil Products
Up-Dip Plug: This type of trap prevents the upward flow of oil, preventing it from flowing into another very favorable reservoir rock; The impermeable residues accumulated in the channels form a plug or set that cuts off contact with the lower parts of the reservoir. As the porosity and permeability of the reservoir change, the lower parts are permeable and porous, thus containing hydrocarbons, while the upper parts become impermeable and non-porous. As a result, part of the reservoir only holds water and cannot capture oil or gas.
UPSTREAM (THE FIRST SALES POINT OF GAS): It is the name given to the point where the gas is made ready for shipment in the country where it is produced.
URANIUM [Uranium] Radioactive metallic element required for nuclear power generation.
USTURMACA: They are rubber and rubber materials used to prevent damage to the ship and the business while leaning against the docking docks.
UV PRINTING: UV (ultraviolet) printing technique, with its resistance to sunlight, reduces the drying time to less than 1 second in order to restrict the drying of the printing works, as well as eliminating the reasons that damage the print such as fading from the sun due to its dye feature. The printing material produced with the UV Printing system is not affected by substances such as water, and does not deteriorate longer than the materials printed with offset printing.
UV DETECTOR: It is a control system developed to control the ignition spark of gas burners and to control the continuity of the flame. This system is applied in both gas and liquid fuel burners. (Interest: Flame Ionization Detector)
UV LAK: It is a lacquer process that is dried with ultraviolet light and used for protection against printing. UV Lacquer, in its long form, Ultraviolet Lacquer is a coating method for decoration and protection in the printing house. UV lac coating is always the necessary coating method for a solid packaging and a good looking packaging.
UVC exposure: Light source with the lowest wavelength used for plate exposure in flexo printing. UVC-exposure removes the stickiness on the plate surface. UVC light should not be viewed directly with the naked eye, as it is extremely harmful to the human eye.
UVENIL WATER, magma origin water that comes from the magma with volatile substances and condenses. -> Vados water.
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN [Implementation plan] Outlines of the work to be done in order to meet environmental quality standards in a certain period of time.
INCOMPATIBLE GAS: Natural gas delivered at an entry point or submitted for delivery, without complying with the gas entry provision or the Natural Gas Quality Specification attached to the NOP.
Adaptation The ability of living organisms to overcome environmental conditions.
Compatible: A term describing the tendency of different mixtures mixed with each other to precipitate; For example, when two different fuels are mixed, if the compounds they contain do not cause phase separation or precipitation by interacting with each other, they are called compatible substances.
COMPATIBLE BACTERIA [Facultative bacteri] Microorganisms that can survive in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
Compatibility: It is the ability of two or more substances to be used together in order to obtain a homogeneous structure in the properties of plastic materials. For example; such as the use of a certain binder in a particular resin type, according to their end use.
Remote sensing is a method of collecting information about physical properties from long distances, such as taking photographs from the air, by the presence of electromagnetic energy.
Elongation: The increase in the length (before rupture) of a stretched item.
Elongation: The amount of elongation under tensile force and expressed in%. The elongation at break expressed in the tensile test determines the amount of elongation shown by the material before rupture occurs.
LONG TERM STRENGTH: It is the strength value that polyethylene pipes can provide operation service for 100,000 hours or 50 years without being damaged.
Three-Dimensional Seismic: look. Seismic, Three Dimensional
THREE-WAY HYDRAULIC VALVE: Hydraulic equipment that cuts the hydraulic ways of loading arms, three movement pistons.
THIRD CLASS AREA (C): It is a commercial, industrial zone and development areas adjacent to the new settlement, with more than 28 buildings in the area of 1 km long on the pipeline route and 200 meters wide from the axis of the pipeline. (Ref: Site Class)
THIRD CLASS LEAK: These are leaks that do not cause any harm to the environment and persons at the time of detection and will not cause any possible damage in the future. (Ref: Gas Leakage Class)
THIRD PARTY SUPPLIER: Any person who buys or has the right to receive natural gas at any Entry Point for transportation over the Transmission Network of any shipper.
THIRD PARTY: An end user is any person who can reasonably prove that he or she is directly involved with NOP, including (but not limited to) the connecting system operator, the prospective shipper and the future connected system operator.
Third Production (Tertiary Recovery): It is a method of extracting the oil that still remains in the well after the second production, not only by pressurizing methods, but also by improving some properties of the residue, such as fluidity. Third production techniques include steam flotation and chemical injection.
THIRD TREATMENT [Tertiary treatment] Treatment of wastewater after secondary treatment. At this stage, organic pollutants, dissolved inorganic salts, phosphorus and nitrogen are removed in order to obtain water suitable for use for certain purposes.
UNIVERSAL FLEXIBLE CONNECTION PART: It is a flexible connection element that can compensate for axial movement, angular movement and lateral axis deviations in gas pipelines and installations.
Urea Formaldehyde Resin (UF): They are amino resins obtained from urea and formaldehyde; They harden when heated and when certain chemicals (catalysts or hardeners) are added.
Urethane Plastics: These are plastics molded with resins produced by reacting organic isocyanates with resins and compounds containing hydroxyl groups.
PRODUCERS [Producers] Living creatures growing by photosynthesis; plants.
MANUFACTURING REACTOR [Breeder] Reactor that converts non-fissionable atoms into fissile atoms of the same or different elements and produces more fuel than it consumes.
Recoverable Resources: The estimated amount of crude oil that can be produced from discovered or undiscovered deposits.
Unrecoverable Resources: It is a subclass of discovered unrecoverable resources; They cannot be produced technically or economically.
Production Factor: The ratio between the volume of oil (or gas) produced from a reservoir and the volume of oil (or gas) that can be produced.
Production Water: It is the water extracted from under the surface together with oil and gas; It consists of some chemical substances added during the production / processing processes with the water coming from the reservoir and injected into the formation. Production water is also called "brine" (may also contain large amounts of minerals and salt) or "formation water". Some production waters are very clean and can be used in livestock and irrigation provided that they comply with legal specifications.
PRODUCTION COMPANY: Natural Gas 07.03.1954 dated 6326 Petroleum Law removed the top place of the bed underneath in Turkey, cleaning and purification of the collection line with legal persons performing the activity of transportation to the transmission lines.
UPPER FLOW OPERATOR: It is the operator that operates the pipeline before the delivery point where BOTAŞ receives the natural gas.
HIGH HEAT VALUE: It defines the total value of the heat absorbed by the water vapor in addition to the effective thermal value released as a result of combustion. (Interest: Lower Calorific Value)
TOP LAYER [Lift] In a sanitary solid waste burying process, the section formed by the compressed layer of waste and the final cover.
UPPER EXPLOSION LIMIT (UPP): It is the highest gas mixture ratio that will cause an explosion when gas is mixed with air. For natural gas, this ratio (depending on its composition) is 14.5%. (Interest: Lower Explosion Limit)
UPPER LIMIT LOAD: The limit load that is equal to 1.15 times the rated load is called the upper limit load.
UPPER WIRE STITCHING: Top wire sewing method is used to bring together books, magazines, receipts, notepads, invoices and ticket stubs that are too thick to be fastened from the back. The only downside is that it doesn't allow pages to be opened completely. The wire may rust over time and tear the page. For this reason, the saddle stitching method should not be preferred in publications such as dictionaries and encyclopedias that should be reference and should be long-lasting.
[Load on top system] A method of making new loading on a mixture of residue and washing water left in the tanks instead of being poured into the sea in order to avoid polluting the sea on fuel-carrying ships. Later, in ports with suitable facilities, oil and water are subjected to the necessary procedures to separate them from each other.
V / W / X
WAHSI YASAM MANAGEMENT [Wildlife management] The maintenance and development of species in natural ecosystems; preservation of environmental balance and diversity of species.
Wax Removal: Dewaksing.
Wax: Solid or semi-solid substances obtained from petroleum distillates or residues; It is white, contains more or less crystalline parts, has an oily texture to the touch. Waxes are a mixture of solid hydrocarbons, most of which are paraffinic. The most used area is industrial coatings as surface protectors.
Vacuum Gas Oil, VGO: Vacuum gas oil; The boiling point varies between 299-538 0C, depending on the source of the oil, it contains three times more sulfur than AGO.
Vacuum Infusion Method: It refers to the method based on the principle of applying the catalyzed resin to a mold containing fibers and reinforcement materials with the help of a low pressure force, and the method of coating the main mold with a vacuum bag that acts as a counter mold.
Vacuum Bag Molding: After the product is processed on the mold by hand lay-up or spraying method, the combination of a flexible transparent film, ventilation fabric and separating film is placed on the uncured product and adhered to the edges of the mold. Vacuum is applied between the composite product and the triple plastic film layer.
Vacuum Bagging Method: It refers to the method of applying the resin to the fiber / fabric by hand, placing the vacuum bag on the fiber / fabric soaked with resin and applying vacuum between the vacuum bag and the mold to wet the fiber completely and homogeneously.
VALVE NAMED DIAMETER: Valves are named according to the nominal diameter of the pipeline in which they are used.
VALVE GROUP: It is the place where the gas flow direction of other pipelines from that area where more than one buried steel or PE valve is located together in the same space.
VALVE ROOM: It is a reinforced concrete chamber built underground in order to maintain and operate the valves located at certain points on the main network line of a natural gas city network, and large enough for people to enter. Valve rooms have a manhole cover and ventilation pipes above the ground.
VANTUZ: They are the elements that are used to evacuate the air in the line.
PRINTING WITH VARIOUS: It is the process of transferring the foil (Foil Material) from its carrier to the area where it will be printed by means of a heated cliché. Foil cliches are one-sided. Transfer printing obtained by heating the letterpress printing mold prepared from metal cliché or lead, on gilding paper (manually or mechanically) placed on a binding cloth or a similar material.
BARREL (BBL): It is the value obtained when the volume of crude oil (m³) is multiplied by 6,28981. American standard oil company blue barrel unit is used as a measure of volume, according to the international agreement, in order to facilitate the trade of crude oil in the world. Blue barrel (1 bbl) equals 159 liters (42 gallons) in volume.
Barrel (bbl): A unit of measure for crude oil equivalent to 42 US gallons; More than 44 gallons of product are obtained from 42 gallons of crude oil. The amount of products varies depending on the region where crude oil is extracted; for example, 19.6 gallons of motor gasoline, 10 gallons of diesel fuel and heating oil, 4 gallons of jet fuel, 1.7 gallons of heavy fuel oil, 1.7 gallons of liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) and 7.6 gallons of other products.
Barrels of Oil Equivalent (BOE): A unit of oil volume; it is the expression of the amount of gas (such as natural gas) as a barrel oil equivalent considering its energy.6000 ft3 gas = 1 barrel of oil equivalent.
VARTM (Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Method): It refers to the process in which the catalyzed resin is injected or transferred into a closed mold containing fiber and reinforcement material, and is also supported by vacuum suction.
VDE: German standard in Electrics and Electronics.
VENT LINE: For the evacuation of the gas in the pipeline when necessary; It is a line consisting of ball valves and pipes suitable for natural gas installed on the pipeline, safety shut-off valves system, pressure relief valves, pre-burner gas control lines.
Vent: It is the gas exhaust system that steps in to eliminate dangerous pressures.
VENTURI GAS SCRUBBER [Venturi scrubbir] Water scrubber type for removing dust from gases.
DATA [Data] Information or facts used in analysis or interpretation to draw conclusions.
Efficiency point: In the tensile test, it is the point where the expert takes place without changing the force. At this point, the applied force may be less than the maximum force. Some materials do not have a yield / year point.
VARNISH: It is one of the protection processes applied to the printing surface and is easy to apply to the surface, although its durability and brightness is not as high as lacquer. It is applied after color printing in Offset printing machines. There are matte and glossy varieties.
Varnish: It is a thin, sticky substance that is mostly defined by its color and is usually organic residues. It is resistant to saturated solvents (such as naphtha), but dissolves in benzene, chloroform, ketones and similar compounds.
VI: Viscosity Index
VINIL CHLORIDE [Vinyl chloride] Chemical compound used in the production of plastic materials such as PVC, which can cause cancer.
VIBRATION: It is defined as the way the material travels per unit time. Its unit is mm / s. V
Vinyl Ester: It is a class of thermosetting resin containing acrylic ester and / or meta acrylic acids, mostly made of epoxy resin.
Visbreaking: It is the thermal cracking process in mild conditions applied to reduce the viscosity of residues; atmospheric or vacuum distillation residues are thermally decomposed in an environment without catalyst and converted into gas, naphtha, distillates and low viscosity fuel oil.
Viscoelastic: It is the property of the material to exhibit both fluid and elastic properties under the conditions applied.
Viscometer, Cold Cranking Simulator: An intermediate sliding speed is a viscometer; It measures whether the transmission of movement of an oil in a cold engine is sufficient.
Viscometer: It is an instrument by which the flow rate of a fluid (eg oils) at a certain temperature is measured; such as a fixed volume orifice or capillary tube.
Viscosity Index Improver (Improver): They are polymeric compounds used as additives to increase the viscosity index of a grain; It is used to ensure that the viscosity of the oil is not affected much by temperature changes.
Viscosity Index (VI): It is a system developed to show the change of viscosity of a fluid with temperature; higher values indicate that the fluid is not affected much by temperature changes. VI is determined by comparing the change in viscosity of the two reference oils with temperature; One of the oils has VI = 100, the other's VI = 0. The viscosity of the oil whose viscosity index will be determined is determined experimentally at 100 ° F and 210 ° F and VI is calculated from the formula.
Viscosity Loss, Temporary: It is a test applied to lubricating oils; The loss in dynamic viscosity at low and high shear rates is measured.
Viscosity, Brookfield: A test method that measures the apparent viscosity of an oil.
Viscosity, Solution: Solution viscosity is a viscosity measurement method used in dilute polymer solutions (or large molecules); The flow rate of the solution under controlled conditions (temperature, concentration) through a capillary is measured. From the obtained data, the intrinsic viscosity is calculated, which is correlated with the Mark-Houwink's equation ([h] = K Mva).
Viscosity, Dynamic: The ratio between the applied shear stress and shear rate of a fluid; It is a measure of the fluid's resistance to flow or deformation. The unit of dynamic viscosity in the cgs system is poise; 1 poise (P) = 100 cP = 1 g cm − 1 s − 1 = 0.1 Pa s.
Viscosity, Apparent): It is the viscosity of a liquid that only indicates the temperature-shear rate.
Viscosity, Kinematic: It is the viscosity value obtained by dividing the absolute (dynamic) viscosity of a fluid by its density at the same temperature. It shows the fluid's resistance to flow under gravity. The unit of kinematic viscosity in the cgs system is stokes (S or St);
Viscosity, Mooney: A type of viscometer that measures the resistance of raw or vulcanized rubber to deformation.
Viscosity, Redwood: It is a viscosity measurement method, but it is still not used.
Viscosity, Saybolt SSU: ASTM D 88, is the time in seconds required for a 60 ml petroleum product sample to flow through the calibrated Saybolt Universal viscometer.
Viscosity, Saybolt, SSF: ASTM D 88 is the time in seconds required for a 60 ml petroleum product sample to flow through the calibrated Saybolt Furol viscometer.
VISCOSITY: The specific resistance of the substance entering the flow.
Viscosity: The resistance of a fluid against flowing. In any flow event, layers on each other move at different speeds and the fluid thickens due to the shear stress between the layers and shows a resistance to the applied force (Newton Theory). In laminar shear between the two layers, the friction between the fluid and the moving layer causes the fluid to slide; The force required for this motion is a measure of the viscosity (dynamic or shear) of the fluid.
Viscosity: The tendency of a material to resist flow.
VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds): Volatile organic compounds; like butane, propane.
VOC [Volatile organic compounds] Volatile organic compounds.
VOLCANIC ROCK [Igneous rock] Rock formed by solidification in molten and partially melted state, such as basalt, granite and especially lava.
Volcanic Rock: Volcanic rocks are of two types; lava (aboveground, rhyolite and basalt) and magma (underground, granite). These are formed by the cooling of liquid material at a temperature of ~ 1500 0C; Meanwhile, large crystals are formed from the chemical substances in the liquid. Magma is a mixture of liquid rocks, crystals and gas. Rhyolite and granite contain similar chemicals, mostly silicon, and are light colored. Basalt is less silicon, so it is darker in color. Look. Rock Cycle.
VP [Vapor pressure] Vapor pressure.
VS [Volatile solids] Volatile solids.
VSS [Volatile suspended solids] Volatile non-precipitated solid.
VTOL [Vertical takeoff and landing] Vertical takeoff and landing.
Vulcanization: It is the bridging (crosslink) between neighboring polymer chains through one or more sulfur (or other suitable element) atoms; By controlling the degree of crosslinking, the physical properties of an elastomer can be changed as desired.
Knock: It is the explosion or noise that occurs due to premature ignition of a part of the fuel-air mixture in the cylinders of spark-fired (ignition) engines.
ANTI-KNOCK [Anti-knock] Compounds, usually containing course, added to the oil to make the engine run smoother.
WATER DEW POINT: The water dew point (or dew point) of a gas mixture is the temperature at which any water vapor in the gas mixture will begin to condense into liquid water at a given pressure. At a given pressure, the water dew point of a gas mixture is often referred to as the point where the gas mixture is saturated with water vapor. (In other words, the gas cannot hold any more water vapor). WPS: "Welding Method Specification" or more simply "welding instruction" is a document that explains to welders which welding detail will be welded in what way and with which parameters.
WCED [World Commission on Environment and Development] World environment and development commission.
WCIP [World Climate Impact Studies Program] World Climate Impact Studies Program.
WEB OFFSET (ROTATIVE PRINT): It is the advanced form of offset printing system. It is a printing system on bobbin papers. It is not much different from the printing technique on sheet papers, except for the direction of using the paper. Although web offset machines are not very different from sheet offset machines as their main working principles, the fact that the paper used enters the machine as a bobbin and the printing speed is very high provide great advantages to it. Books, magazines, catalogs, inserts, newspapers, etc. It performs printing operations much more economically, with high quality and fast. They have been manufactured to perform a specific job (newspaper, magazine, magazine, etc.) by adding devices capable of folding, cutting, blending, packing, and drying.
WES [Waste-to-energy system] Waste-to-energy system.
White Oil: Well refined straight mineral oils; It is colorless, odorless and tasteless, its chemical stability is very high. The purest white oils do not contain unsaturated compounds; It is used in the food, medical and cosmetic industries.
White Spirit: A refined distillate intermediate with a boiling range (eg 135-200 0C) between gasoline and kerosene; however, fractions between 30-200 0C are generally preferred for industrial purposes. Used as paint thinner and dry cleaning.
WIT: Water injection technology (injection molding technology)
WPC: Wood-Plastic-Composites
WWF [World Wildlife Fund] World Wildlife Fund.
X-Axis: In composite laminates, it is the axis accepted as 0o reference angle on the laminet plane.
V / W / X
WAHSI YASAM MANAGEMENT [Wildlife management] The maintenance and development of species in natural ecosystems; preservation of environmental balance and diversity of species.
Wax Removal: Dewaksing.
Wax: Solid or semi-solid substances obtained from petroleum distillates or residues; It is white, contains more or less crystalline parts, has an oily texture to the touch. Waxes are a mixture of solid hydrocarbons, most of which are paraffinic. The most used area is industrial coatings as surface protectors.
Vacuum Gas Oil, VGO: Vacuum gas oil; The boiling point varies between 299-538 0C, depending on the source of the oil, it contains three times more sulfur than AGO.
Vacuum Infusion Method: It refers to the method based on the principle of applying the catalyzed resin to a mold containing fibers and reinforcement materials with the help of a low pressure force, and the method of coating the main mold with a vacuum bag that acts as a counter mold.
Vacuum Bag Molding: After the product is processed on the mold by hand lay-up or spraying method, the combination of a flexible transparent film, ventilation fabric and separating film is placed on the uncured product and adhered to the edges of the mold. Vacuum is applied between the composite product and the triple plastic film layer.
Vacuum Bagging Method: It refers to the method of applying the resin to the fiber / fabric by hand, placing the vacuum bag on the fiber / fabric soaked with resin and applying vacuum between the vacuum bag and the mold to wet the fiber completely and homogeneously.
VALVE NAMED DIAMETER: Valves are named according to the nominal diameter of the pipeline in which they are used.
VALVE GROUP: It is the place where the gas flow direction of other pipelines from that area where more than one buried steel or PE valve is located together in the same space.
VALVE ROOM: It is a reinforced concrete chamber built underground in order to maintain and operate the valves located at certain points on the main network line of a natural gas city network, and large enough for people to enter. Valve rooms have a manhole cover and ventilation pipes above the ground.
VANTUZ: They are the elements that are used to evacuate the air in the line.
PRINTING WITH VARIOUS: It is the process of transferring the foil (Foil Material) from its carrier to the area where it will be printed by means of a heated cliché. Foil cliches are one-sided. Transfer printing obtained by heating the letterpress printing mold prepared from metal cliché or lead, on gilding paper (manually or mechanically) placed on a binding cloth or a similar material.
BARREL (BBL): It is the value obtained when the volume of crude oil (m³) is multiplied by 6,28981. American standard oil company blue barrel unit is used as a measure of volume, according to the international agreement, in order to facilitate the trade of crude oil in the world. Blue barrel (1 bbl) equals 159 liters (42 gallons) in volume.
Barrel (bbl): A unit of measure for crude oil equivalent to 42 US gallons; More than 44 gallons of product are obtained from 42 gallons of crude oil. The amount of products varies depending on the region where crude oil is extracted; for example, 19.6 gallons of motor gasoline, 10 gallons of diesel fuel and heating oil, 4 gallons of jet fuel, 1.7 gallons of heavy fuel oil, 1.7 gallons of liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) and 7.6 gallons of other products.
Barrels of Oil Equivalent (BOE): A unit of oil volume; it is the expression of the amount of gas (such as natural gas) as a barrel oil equivalent considering its energy.6000 ft3 gas = 1 barrel of oil equivalent.
VARTM (Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Method): It refers to the process in which the catalyzed resin is injected or transferred into a closed mold containing fiber and reinforcement material, and is also supported by vacuum suction.
VDE: German standard in Electrics and Electronics.
VENT LINE: For the evacuation of the gas in the pipeline when necessary; It is a line consisting of ball valves and pipes suitable for natural gas installed on the pipeline, safety shut-off valves system, pressure relief valves, pre-burner gas control lines.
Vent: It is the gas exhaust system that steps in to eliminate dangerous pressures.
VENTURI GAS SCRUBBER [Venturi scrubbir] Water scrubber type for removing dust from gases.
DATA [Data] Information or facts used in analysis or interpretation to draw conclusions.
Efficiency point: In the tensile test, it is the point where the expert takes place without changing the force. At this point, the applied force may be less than the maximum force. Some materials do not have a yield / year point.
VARNISH: It is one of the protection processes applied to the printing surface and is easy to apply to the surface, although its durability and brightness is not as high as lacquer. It is applied after color printing in Offset printing machines. There are matte and glossy varieties.
Varnish: It is a thin, sticky substance that is mostly defined by its color and is usually organic residues. It is resistant to saturated solvents (such as naphtha), but dissolves in benzene, chloroform, ketones and similar compounds.
VI: Viscosity Index
VINIL CHLORIDE [Vinyl chloride] Chemical compound used in the production of plastic materials such as PVC, which can cause cancer.
VIBRATION: It is defined as the way the material travels per unit time. Its unit is mm / s. V
Vinyl Ester: It is a class of thermosetting resin containing acrylic ester and / or meta acrylic acids, mostly made of epoxy resin.
Visbreaking: It is the thermal cracking process in mild conditions applied to reduce the viscosity of residues; atmospheric or vacuum distillation residues are thermally decomposed in an environment without catalyst and converted into gas, naphtha, distillates and low viscosity fuel oil.
Viscoelastic: It is the property of the material to exhibit both fluid and elastic properties under the conditions applied.
Viscometer, Cold Cranking Simulator: An intermediate sliding speed is a viscometer; It measures whether the transmission of movement of an oil in a cold engine is sufficient.
Viscometer: It is an instrument by which the flow rate of a fluid (eg oils) at a certain temperature is measured; such as a fixed volume orifice or capillary tube.
Viscosity Index Improver (Improver): They are polymeric compounds used as additives to increase the viscosity index of a grain; It is used to ensure that the viscosity of the oil is not affected much by temperature changes.
Viscosity Index (VI): It is a system developed to show the change of viscosity of a fluid with temperature; higher values indicate that the fluid is not affected much by temperature changes. VI is determined by comparing the change in viscosity of the two reference oils with temperature; One of the oils has VI = 100, the other's VI = 0. The viscosity of the oil whose viscosity index will be determined is determined experimentally at 100 ° F and 210 ° F and VI is calculated from the formula.
Viscosity Loss, Temporary: It is a test applied to lubricating oils; The loss in dynamic viscosity at low and high shear rates is measured.
Viscosity, Brookfield: A test method that measures the apparent viscosity of an oil.
Viscosity, Solution: Solution viscosity is a viscosity measurement method used in dilute polymer solutions (or large molecules); The flow rate of the solution under controlled conditions (temperature, concentration) through a capillary is measured. From the obtained data, the intrinsic viscosity is calculated, which is correlated with the Mark-Houwink's equation ([h] = K Mva).
Viscosity, Dynamic: The ratio between the applied shear stress and shear rate of a fluid; It is a measure of the fluid's resistance to flow or deformation. The unit of dynamic viscosity in the cgs system is poise; 1 poise (P) = 100 cP = 1 g cm − 1 s − 1 = 0.1 Pa s.
Viscosity, Apparent): It is the viscosity of a liquid that only indicates the temperature-shear rate.
Viscosity, Kinematic: It is the viscosity value obtained by dividing the absolute (dynamic) viscosity of a fluid by its density at the same temperature. It shows the fluid's resistance to flow under gravity. The unit of kinematic viscosity in the cgs system is stokes (S or St);
Viscosity, Mooney: A type of viscometer that measures the resistance of raw or vulcanized rubber to deformation.
Viscosity, Redwood: It is a viscosity measurement method, but it is still not used.
Viscosity, Saybolt SSU: ASTM D 88, is the time in seconds required for a 60 ml petroleum product sample to flow through the calibrated Saybolt Universal viscometer.
Viscosity, Saybolt, SSF: ASTM D 88 is the time in seconds required for a 60 ml petroleum product sample to flow through the calibrated Saybolt Furol viscometer.
VISCOSITY: The specific resistance of the substance entering the flow.
Viscosity: The resistance of a fluid against flowing. In any flow event, layers on each other move at different speeds and the fluid thickens due to the shear stress between the layers and shows a resistance to the applied force (Newton Theory). In laminar shear between the two layers, the friction between the fluid and the moving layer causes the fluid to slide; The force required for this motion is a measure of the viscosity (dynamic or shear) of the fluid.
Viscosity: The tendency of a material to resist flow.
VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds): Volatile organic compounds; like butane, propane.
VOC [Volatile organic compounds] Volatile organic compounds.
VOLCANIC ROCK [Igneous rock] Rock formed by solidification in molten and partially melted state, such as basalt, granite and especially lava.
Volcanic Rock: Volcanic rocks are of two types; lava (aboveground, rhyolite and basalt) and magma (underground, granite). These are formed by the cooling of liquid material at a temperature of ~ 1500 0C; Meanwhile, large crystals are formed from the chemical substances in the liquid. Magma is a mixture of liquid rocks, crystals and gas. Rhyolite and granite contain similar chemicals, mostly silicon, and are light colored. Basalt is less silicon, so it is darker in color. Look. Rock Cycle.
VP [Vapor pressure] Vapor pressure.
VS [Volatile solids] Volatile solids.
VSS [Volatile suspended solids] Volatile non-precipitated solid.
VTOL [Vertical takeoff and landing] Vertical takeoff and landing.
Vulcanization: It is the bridging (crosslink) between neighboring polymer chains through one or more sulfur (or other suitable element) atoms; By controlling the degree of crosslinking, the physical properties of an elastomer can be changed as desired.
Knock: It is the explosion or noise that occurs due to premature ignition of a part of the fuel-air mixture in the cylinders of spark-fired (ignition) engines.
ANTI-KNOCK [Anti-knock] Compounds, usually containing course, added to the oil to make the engine run smoother.
WATER DEW POINT: The water dew point (or dew point) of a gas mixture is the temperature at which any water vapor in the gas mixture will begin to condense into liquid water at a given pressure. At a given pressure, the water dew point of a gas mixture is often referred to as the point where the gas mixture is saturated with water vapor. (In other words, the gas cannot hold any more water vapor). WPS: "Welding Method Specification" or more simply "welding instruction" is a document that explains to welders which welding detail will be welded in what way and with which parameters.
WCED [World Commission on Environment and Development] World environment and development commission.
WCIP [World Climate Impact Studies Program] World Climate Impact Studies Program.
WEB OFFSET (ROTATIVE PRINT): It is the advanced form of offset printing system. It is a printing system on bobbin papers. It is not much different from the printing technique on sheet papers, except for the direction of using the paper. Although web offset machines are not very different from sheet offset machines as their main working principles, the fact that the paper used enters the machine as a bobbin and the printing speed is very high provide great advantages to it. Books, magazines, catalogs, inserts, newspapers, etc. It performs printing operations much more economically, with high quality and fast. They have been manufactured to perform a specific job (newspaper, magazine, magazine, etc.) by adding devices capable of folding, cutting, blending, packing, and drying.
WES [Waste-to-energy system] Waste-to-energy system.
White Oil: Well refined straight mineral oils; It is colorless, odorless and tasteless, its chemical stability is very high. The purest white oils do not contain unsaturated compounds; It is used in the food, medical and cosmetic industries.
White Spirit: A refined distillate intermediate with a boiling range (eg 135-200 0C) between gasoline and kerosene; however, fractions between 30-200 0C are generally preferred for industrial purposes. Used as paint thinner and dry cleaning.
WIT: Water injection technology (injection molding technology)
WPC: Wood-Plastic-Composites
WWF [World Wildlife Fund] World Wildlife Fund.
X-Axis: In composite laminates, it is the axis accepted as 0o reference angle on the laminet plane.
Y / Z
Y (YELLOW-YELLOW): Abbreviation for yellow ink in process printing.
Y.İ. : It is a Build Operate Model.
Y.İ.D. : It is the Build-Operate-Transfer Model.
Oil Sand: It is a sandstone obtained from oil.
Lubrication Oil: They are ready-to-use oils containing suitable base oils and necessary additives depending on the purpose of use.
Lubricating Oil, Synthetic: Synthetic oils are oils developed in research laboratories and prepared by chemical reactions to contain the desired lubricating properties. Synthetic base stocks (or fluids) can generally be grouped into six groups; polyalphaolefins (PAO), dibasic acid esters, polyol ethers, alkylated aromatics, polyalkylene glycols and phosphate esters. In addition, silicones, silicate esters and halogenated hydrocarbons are special synthetic oils.
Lubrication: The roughness on the surfaces of the moving parts in contact with each other makes the movement difficult. The phenomenon of strain against movement is called friction. As a result of friction, parts become hot and eroded. When the parts working in contact with each other are lubricated, an oil film occurs between the friction surfaces. The oil gets filled between the roughnesses on the surface of the part, minimizing friction and preventing wear and heating. Look. Hydrodynamic Lubrication; Boundary Lubrication; Elasto Hydrodynamic Lubrication.
Fuel Cell: An electrochemical mechanism that converts the chemical energy of a fuel directly into electrical energy. Similar to batteries, fuel cells generate low-voltage direct current. Electrolysis and fuel cell are two systems that work opposite to each other.
GILDING PAINTING (BRONZING): Powdered foil, silver etc. Dyeing process by sprinkling gilds on transparent printed substrate. The luxury and expensive box in religious book prints, historical mosaic prints and the packaging industry facilitates the application of gold, silver, copper and bronze colored powders applied to paper prints.
YALDIZ: It is a metallic foil material covered with gold, silver and alternative colors used in foil printing.
SIDE PAPER: In products such as hard cover books and catalogs, it is called the double page group at the beginning and the end that allows the inner forms to be attached to the cover. Generally, its application as a heavier paper than the inner paper ensures cleaner and higher quality.
By-Product: Some basic products are secondary or undesirable products that occur during their manufacture.
Flammability: It is the measurement of the flammability and combustion degree of a material.
LATERAL FLEXIBLE CONNECTION PART: It is a flexible connection element that is used to compensate for lateral axis deviations in gas pipelines and installations.
FIRE SYSTEM: It is a system that detects the fire at the beginning and provides the intervention of the units with warning elements, warns the extinguishing systems, and saves time for evacuation by deactivating the potentially dangerous units.
RESPONSE TIME: The time required for a sensor to reach 63.2% of a step change in temperature under a specified set of conditions. Five time constants are required for the sensor to stabilize at 63.2% of the step change value.
Combustion Cell: It is a closed cell in which the chemical oxidation of the fuel occurs, that is, it burns; For example, in gasoline engines, the area occupied by the piston compressed fuel in the cylinder is the combustion chamber.
Burning Point: It is the lowest temperature where sufficient steam is generated to enable combustion.
BURN CHALLENGE: These are defects in the form of pits or notches occurring on the edges of the weld seam. Especially, it occurs due to reasons such as the welder working with the wrong electrode angle and excessive speed in excessive current strengths. This defect reduces the strength of the weld seam against dynamic stress.
Combustion: It can be defined as the very rapid oxidation of a fuel. The products of an ideal (complete) combustion process are H2O and CO2. When the combustion is not complete, carbon monoxide (CO) occurs because carbon cannot be oxidized completely.
Non-flammability: Chemical additives or products applied superficially that prevent, slow down or stop the spread of flame. The additives are used by chemically bonding during polymerization or by adding them to the plastic later.
BURNED GAS FLOW INSURANCE (CHIMNEY SAFETY VALVE): It is the device mounted on the burnt gas pipe and cuts the gas in cases of strong draft, build-up and backlash occurring in the chimney.
BURNED GAS CHIMNEY: It is the chimney that allows the burnt gases formed as a result of combustion in gas consumption devices to be thrown into the atmosphere.
BURNED GAS FLAP: It is a valve that works thermally or mechanically in the chimney or burnt gas duct.
BURNED GAS: It is the gas that is formed as a result of the combustion of gas mixed with air and thrown into the atmosphere.
CONSTRUCTION LENGTH: It is the length of the pipe after it comes out of the rolling mill.
Adhesiveness: The feeling of stickiness that a glue or prepreg material gives when touched.
Adhesion Strength: It is the expression of the degree of adhesion between bonded surfaces. It is based on measuring the amount of load required per bond area to separate the surfaces from each other.
Adhesive: It is the substance that allows two materials to be held together by providing a bond on the surface. It can be used in the form of film, liquid or paste.
Bonding: It is the combination of two or more hardened composite parts with an adhesive component.
LEAF: It is a paper that consists of one page on both sides.
AUXILIARY ANOTE: In external current-sourced cathodic protection systems, it is graphite, metal or alloys to which the positive end of the direct current supplied from the transformer-rectifier system to the cathodic protection circuit is connected. (Interest: Cathodic Protection)
AUXILIARY NATURAL GAS [SNG = Subtite natural gas] Gas obtained from any source and carrying the properties of natural gas.
Auxiliary Raw Material: Filler materials other than gelcoat, resin and fiber, which are the main raw materials of composite production, but whose use are necessary for the process, as well as catalysts, accelerators, etc. Refers to auxiliary materials.
Auxiliary Businesses: Refineries, petrochemical complexes and a group of units or factories where necessary services such as electricity, steam, water, waste disposal used during production are obtained.
HALF-LIFE: The time from a radioactive decay event until the initial activity of the radioisotope is halved. (Ref: Radiographic Examination)
DURATION OF INJURY [Half-life] The time required for the fragmentation of half of the atoms of a radioactive isotope; This term is also applied to agricultural pesticides and other pollutants in terms of the contaminant duration of action.
HALF CUT: It is the process of cutting the material to a certain depth with a knife. It is generally used to separate the carrier and the label in the label (sticker) cutting.
YAS STRUCTURE [Age structure] Classification of the population according to age groups.
PROHIBITED REGION: These are the areas where there are structures where a person can enter such as station building, zone regulator, valve room where gas is likely to be collected.
LIFE CYCLE [Life cycle] The different stages a creature goes through from egg fertilization to death.
LIFE ZONES [Life zones] Usually areas with an exemplary climate and soil characteristics and as a result, the biota, which is a highly exemplary in terms of species, composition and adaptation to the environment.
LIVING SPACE [Biotope] A restricted area of relatively uniform environmental conditions suitable for a particular plant and animal community.
LIVING ENVIRONMENT [Habitat] The natural environment in which an organism or group of organisms is located, determined by the relative uniformity of the physical environment and the tight interaction of all relevant biological species. The habitat can be a desert, tropical forest, grassland, arctic tundra, or ice sea.
LEGAL [Viable] Living, reproductive systems.
PILLOW GAS (CUSHION GAS): It is the amount of gas that can be produced only when the cavern is to be abandoned after completing its economic life, which should always be present in the cavern in order to ensure the stability of the cavern created. (Rel: Tuz Gölü Natural Gas Underground Storage Project)
PILLOW GAS: Pillow gas is the gas that must be kept in reservoirs in order to serve the storage activity of the underground gas tank.
PILLOWING: In natural gas pipelines placed in the channel, it is the process of filling the pipe circumference with at least 10 cm thick (20 cm) fine sand in order to protect the pipe coating against hard objects.
Aging: It is the change of properties of a substance in a positive or negative way over time under defined conditions. With the addition of additives such as antioxidants, UV / light stabilizers, etc., the adverse effects due to aging are eliminated or reduced.
Aging / Degradation: Chemical or physical changes in the structure due to the effect of heat and light. It is the main factor that causes the material to lose its properties.
Horizontal Drilling: In addition to the vertical shaft in an oil and gas well, one or more horizontal shafts are placed towards areas otherwise inaccessible. The technique is particularly important in offshore drilling; where a platform can serve many horizontal shafts, efficiency increases.
Horizontal Pressing: It refers to a pressing method used in molding of complex shaped products, which involves pushing the material into the snail with a piston or screw and closing the mold first up to the burr line, then injecting the HKB Dough and completely closing it.
Laying: The process of placing the reinforcement material in the mold and processing it.
SPREAD FIELD [Range] Geographical distribution of biological forms.
SUMMER TERM: It is the period that starts at 08:00 on May 1st and ends at 08:00 on September 1st.
SPARE (ENERGY) GENERATION CAPACITY [Reserve generating capacity] Extra energy generation capacity to meet unexpected energy demands.
Y-Axis: It is the axis perpendicular to the x-axis on the laminate plane in bidirectional composite laminates.
Recycling The process of recycling waste material, especially for the production of useful products such as paper, glass and plastic.
Renewable resource Natural resources such as wood, air or water that renew themselves naturally or can be renewed by human intervention.
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES [Rnewable energy sources] Self-renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, hydropower, biocide energy, tidal energy and generating nuclear energy reactors.
NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES Natural, as a rule non-renewable resource, such as a finite mineral.
Rearranging: It is one of the transformation methods; Most of the gasoline from the distillation of crude oil and cracking units does not have a sufficient octane number. The octane number is increased by removing hydrogen from low-octane gasoline with the catalytic reforming process. Hydrogen is used in hydrotreating units.
UNDERGROUND TANK: It is the space region limited by permeable rocks that can be saturated by impregnating pressurized water underground. In gas storage applications, in order for the gas to be stored in an aquifer (underground storage), the lower rock layer must be permeable and the upper layer (or cover) must be non-permeable.
UNDERGROUND WATER [Groundwater] Water formations sinking under the ground surface, regenerated by seepage or rain from aboveground water sources.
GROUNDWATER POLLUTION The main sources of groundwater pollution are sewage water installations, sewage pits and so on. and salt water leaks in coastal areas.
GROUNDWATER REINFORCEMENT [Groundwater recharge] Groundwater reproduction by rainwater or surface water infiltration.
Underground Gas Storage: The surplus of the gas taken from the gas well is transferred to suitable underground storage places without taking it to the earth. These places are drained (or dried up) oil and gas wells, or water-bearing sand basins covered with rocks so that they are water and airtight.
Underground Injection: It is to deliver gas or liquid to an underground reservoir through a well. The aim is to get more oil from a well (increased oil production) or to remove the water accumulated in the reservoir.
UNDERGROUND WATER LEVEL [Water table] Level of groundwater accumulated in the base bed.
SURFACE WATER (Surface water) A broad term used to describe all water on earth, including the oceans. In a narrow sense, it refers to the water found in river beds.
MONITORING THE EARTH [Earthwatch] A comprehensive environmental assessment program developed to identify important environmental trends, examine the effects of human activity on the environment, identify early warnings of potential dangers to the environment, and monitor natural resources.
YESIK KUSAK [Green belt] An unconsolidated soil belt around a residential area.
GREEN REVOLUTION [Green Revolution] It refers to achieving more successful agricultural yields through the use of intensive fertilizers and an improved irrigation system and the adoption of new varieties of crop seeds, especially wheat and rice.
GREEN ZONE: It represents the zone (area) planned for the SDG facility, which can be built on a prepared area only by leveling without requiring much infrastructure.
INSUFFICIENT NUTRITION [Malnutrition] Inadequacy in one or more of the essential metabolic elements required for the survival and growth of the organism, usually caused by nutritional deficiency.
Insufficient Curing: This is the situation encountered when the molded product is removed from the mold without waiting for the required heat or time for curing.
LIQUIDATION BY WASHING [Ekutriation] The separation process utilizing different sedimentation rates during the flotation process.
WASHER [Scrubber] Air pollution device consisting of a water sprayer. Sprayed water collides with undesirable particles, traps them and separates them from emissions; the emission then goes to the chimney free of dirt.
WASHER [Washer] General term used for gas purifier, droplet separator, wet dust collector that treats with liquid as the collection medium.
DEMOLITION [Debris] The destruction of rocks, timber, rubble, bricks, stones etc. the accumulation of debris.
ANNUAL DISCHARGE LIMIT [ARL = Annual release limit] The maximum amount of waste that can be released from the pollution source in one year.
Repeated dose toxicity Toxic effect of multiple exposure to a particular hazard.
Wear: It is the impact of environmental factors on materials over a period of time.
PASTER [Predator] Creature and organism that live by hunting. In each successive nutrient relationship level in the "raptor chain", the consumer is generally larger and stronger than the one consumed. In this context, the ultimate predator is human.
Yield Strength: Yield Strength.
Density-dependent factor Environmental factor that depends on population density to be fully effective.
Density-Independent factor The environmental factor that shows its effect regardless of the density of the population.
Density The relationship of the population, settlements, or basement area of a place to the unit of land area, expressed as a ratio.
DENSITY: It defines the amount of mass per unit volume. In the natural gas sector, the value of the natural gas mass amount in m³ volume in kg kg / m³ is commonly used.
DENSITY: Weight per unit volume is generally specified as gr / cm3.
Density: The weight of liquid per unit volume at a given temperature, usually 15.5 ° C; the unit can be various, for example, gr / cm3.
Runner: It is the channel where the molding compound is injected directly into the mold cavity.
BURNING: It is the damage caused by the printed sheets to the printed image during adhesion and separation.
CHIPPING (NOTCHING) [Spalling] Making into chips or pieces.
Fatigue Strength: It is the highest stress level that the material can withstand without any deterioration in the material as a result of a certain number of periodic load imposition. It also refers to the concept of strength value remaining after any kind of fatigue.
Fatigue Life: Refers to the time until deformation occurs.
Fatigue Limit: It is the maximum periodic stress period that can be loaded infinitely on a material without any deterioration.
Fatigue: It is the situation where mechanical properties decrease or disappear completely after repeated load applications. Fatigue test, about the negativities experienced as a result of repeated applications, for example; It is a test that provides information on the improvement of cracking resistance of a material.
Algae Killer [Algicide] A toxic chemical substance effective on algae.
ALGAE EXPLOSION [Algal bloom] The rapid growth of algae within them as a result of the enrichment of water resources in terms of nutrients, especially nitrates and phosphates, through various wastes and effluents.
Algae [Algae] Plants that live completely or partially underwater or grow on moist surfaces, multiply rapidly under conditions of certain chemical elements, contain chlorophyll and other photosynthetic pigments.
Young's Modulus: It is expressed as the ratio of normal stress to tensile and compression stress (strain).
Orientation: In order to produce a highly aligned structure, the crystalline structure within polymeric materials must also be aligned.
Local Dry Zones: These are the regions that are generally formed on the edges of the laminate and remain without wetting by the resin.
Softening zone: It is the temperature range of the plastic material in transition from solid state to soft state.
Softening temperature: It is the temperature at which a certain deformation is measured under a certain load.
INTERNATIONAL OPERATOR: It is the overseas network operator that operates the international transmission system connected to the Transmission Network at the Entry or Exit Points of the imported or exported natural gas.
LOAD (q): The equivalent of the gas burning in an hour in a gas appliance in kcal / h or kwh is called the load of that device. (Reference: Lower Limit Load, Rated Load, Limit Load, Upper Limit Load)
Deformation Temperature Under Load: The temperature at which the specified standard test rod is deflected under a specified load.
Curve Under Load: It is the curve in which the tensile, compression and bending loads increase on the Y axis and the bending caused by these loads on the X axis.
LOAD FACTOR: It is the ratio of average load to peak load in a certain period.
Load Voltage: It is the voltage value obtained by dividing the applied load in kilograms by the area that carries the load. The maximum load stress is the maximum load that can be carried by the carrying area.
Load Bearing Strength: It is the maximum load voltage that can be met.
LOADING LINE: These are the main lines used for loading the crude oil stored in the tanks onto the ship.
LOADING HANDLES: These are the systems that provide the passage between the ship and the shore for the loading and unloading operation of the crude oil.
LOADING ARM MINI PANEL: It is the panel on the loading arm that allows the operator to use the loading arms more precisely.
CONTRACTOR COMPANY: It refers to the company that undertakes the "Pipeline and Station Installation".
Laminates Made Under High Pressure: Laminates that are molded and hardened at pressures of at least 6.9 MPa and more commonly 8.3 to 13.9 MPa.
HIGH PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK: The natural gas distribution network whose operating pressure is at most 4 bars is called high pressure distribution network.
HIGH ENERGY WASHER [High energy scrubber] Collector that cleans the dirty gas with atomized water.
HIGH DENSITY PE: It is a polyethylene pipe material with a density between 0.942 - 0.965 gr / cm³. (Interest: Low Density PE, Medium Density PE)
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE): High density Polyethylene is a solid, hard and strong naturally milky white resin. HDPE has a good resistance to cracking, impact and melting. HDPE is suitable for personal care, beverages, food and chemicals. he gives himself well.
PHYSICAL CHEMICAL PURIFICATION METHOD FOR THE FLOATING OF SUBSTANCES FROM LIQUID WASTES.
FLOATING BOOMS [Floating booms] Floating booms, which can be produced from various materials, are used to keep oil dispersed in the water in a specific area, as dealing with a dense mass gathered in a small area is much easier than dealing with a dispersed mass.
Surface: It refers to the area where hand lay-up or spraying will be applied in moldless applications.
SURFACE ACTIVE MATERIAL [Surfactant] A surfactant chemical substance used in detergents and when present in waste water that causes foaming in the receiving water. It is one of the causes of effective water pollution.
Interfacial Tension: It is the force required for the rupture of the surface between two phases; The inter-surface is classified according to whether two successive phases are solid, liquid or gas. The properties of the molecules in the phases such as capillary effect, wetting property, adsorption, etc. affect the behavior of the molecules forming the interface. Intermolecular bonding forces in phase are equal in all directions; whereas on the surface, intermolecular forces (in the direction of the interface and in the phase direction) are effective and try to reduce the surface. On the other hand, a factor trying to increase the surface (such as moving molecules from phase to interface) has to do a job (W, erg) against the forces on the surface. W = g DA
SURFACE QUALITY: It is the definition of small indentations and protrusions seen on the surface of the manufactured part obtained by casting, rolling, machining and similar manufacturing methods according to a reference surface.
SURFACE TREATMENT: The process of making ink, lacquer and adhesive applied by changing the surface of a plastic.
Surface Net: It refers to the low-weight reinforcement material used to create a resin-rich and smooth-surfaced layer made in the form of felt in a random distribution known as the surface felt of the fiber.
SURFACE FLOW [Runoff] Water and rainwater that reunites with surface water formations flowing or leaking from the earth's surface.
SURFACE FLOW Erosion [Runoff erosion] Erosion caused by surface flow; This results in the uprooting of vegetation in erosion soil.
TIME SWITCH: It is a control device that initiates a certain process or series of transactions at certain times of the day.
DAMAGE SEALERS [Membranes] Membranes made of membranes used in water purification, desalination and also in industrial processes.
HARMFUL [Noxious] Physically damaging negative effects.
TOXIC SUBSTANCES [Toxic substances] Chemical substances which may cause harm through exposure in different forms.
GROUND ELECTRIC SPECIFIC RESISTANCE: It is the electrical resistance of the ground between two surfaces with an area of 1 cm² with a distance of 1 cm between them. Its unit is ohm-cm.
GROUND POTENTIAL: It is the potential difference measured with the help of reference electrodes between two points of the ground at a certain distance along the pipeline. (Interest: Cathodic Protection)
GROUND REDOX POTENTIAL: It is the potential value of the platinum electrode in the ground calculated from the electrode potential measured using a reference electrode and the ground pH value.
RICH GAS: It is a gas with a high methane content, but it also contains other hydrocarbon gases.
ZIFT [Bitumen] Oil residue used to make surfaces resistant to weather effects or to coat road surfaces.
Staple: It is the mold element that shapes the interior of the product.
ZIMMERMAN PROCESS [ZIMPRO = Zimmerman process] A deep aqueous oxidation process used in the treatment of sewage sludge to reduce the BOD-biological Oxygen Demand in a closed container under pressure.
ZIMPRO [Zimmerman process] Zimmerman process.
ZIRNIK, with the chemical formula As2S, dirty-orange, yellow-orange or gray-yellow, if the amount of iron is high, dirty-red color, very hygroscopic, easily oxidized in air, crystalline, easily soluble in water and melted mass, leaf (flake ), or in parts, or in granules, which are dangerous to touch in some cases, explosive and used in industrial branches such as sulfur dyes leather, viscose, cotton textiles.
ZIFT, 1) Black, shiny substance obtained from the distillation of tar and other organic substances, melting with little heat, easily broken when solid. 2) Black gum.
Pitch: A term that refers to the substances that come out of the distillation of coal tar.
Chain Polymerization: Simple molecules (monomers) are added / joined together in order to obtain long chain molecules (polymers) without obtaining by-products.
Chain Transfer: It is a chemical reaction that usually occurs during chain polymerization; The activity of the kinetic chain transporter in a growing macromolecule or oligomer is transferred to another molecule or to another part of the same molecule (backbiting).
CHAIN, Force and motion transfer vehicle in machinery and equipment.
ZONE: Region; for example, it is the area between two different depths in a well.
ZOOPLANKTON [Zooplankton] animal plankton.
HARD DAY: It is the day when the system balance is disrupted due to the increase in natural gas withdrawal amounts of the Shippers and / or the decrease in the amount of inputs and / or the stopping of natural gas input at any Entry Point.
V / W / X
WAHSI YASAM MANAGEMENT [Wildlife management] The maintenance and development of species in natural ecosystems; preservation of environmental balance and diversity of species.
Wax Removal: Dewaksing.
Wax: Solid or semi-solid substances obtained from petroleum distillates or residues; It is white, contains more or less crystalline parts, has an oily texture to the touch. Waxes are a mixture of solid hydrocarbons, most of which are paraffinic. The most used area is industrial coatings as surface protectors.
Vacuum Gas Oil, VGO: Vacuum gas oil; The boiling point varies between 299-538 0C, depending on the source of the oil, it contains three times more sulfur than AGO.
Vacuum Infusion Method: It refers to the method based on the principle of applying the catalyzed resin to a mold containing fibers and reinforcement materials with the help of a low pressure force, and the method of coating the main mold with a vacuum bag that acts as a counter mold.
Vacuum Bag Molding: After the product is processed on the mold by hand lay-up or spraying method, the combination of a flexible transparent film, ventilation fabric and separating film is placed on the uncured product and adhered to the edges of the mold. Vacuum is applied between the composite product and the triple plastic film layer.
Vacuum Bagging Method: It refers to the method of applying the resin to the fiber / fabric by hand, placing the vacuum bag on the fiber / fabric soaked with resin and applying vacuum between the vacuum bag and the mold to wet the fiber completely and homogeneously.
VALVE NAMED DIAMETER: Valves are named according to the nominal diameter of the pipeline in which they are used.
VALVE GROUP: It is the place where the gas flow direction of other pipelines from that area where more than one buried steel or PE valve is located together in the same space.
VALVE ROOM: It is a reinforced concrete chamber built underground in order to maintain and operate the valves located at certain points on the main network line of a natural gas city network, and large enough for people to enter. Valve rooms have a manhole cover and ventilation pipes above the ground.
VANTUZ: They are the elements that are used to evacuate the air in the line.
PRINTING WITH VARIOUS: It is the process of transferring the foil (Foil Material) from its carrier to the area where it will be printed by means of a heated cliché. Foil cliches are one-sided. Transfer printing obtained by heating the letterpress printing mold prepared from metal cliché or lead, on gilding paper (manually or mechanically) placed on a binding cloth or a similar material.
BARREL (BBL): It is the value obtained when the volume of crude oil (m³) is multiplied by 6,28981. American standard oil company blue barrel unit is used as a measure of volume, according to the international agreement, in order to facilitate the trade of crude oil in the world. Blue barrel (1 bbl) equals 159 liters (42 gallons) in volume.
Barrel (bbl): A unit of measure for crude oil equivalent to 42 US gallons; More than 44 gallons of product are obtained from 42 gallons of crude oil. The amount of products varies depending on the region where crude oil is extracted; for example, 19.6 gallons of motor gasoline, 10 gallons of diesel fuel and heating oil, 4 gallons of jet fuel, 1.7 gallons of heavy fuel oil, 1.7 gallons of liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) and 7.6 gallons of other products.
Barrels of Oil Equivalent (BOE): A unit of oil volume; it is the expression of the amount of gas (such as natural gas) as a barrel oil equivalent considering its energy.6000 ft3 gas = 1 barrel of oil equivalent.
VARTM (Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Method): It refers to the process in which the catalyzed resin is injected or transferred into a closed mold containing fiber and reinforcement material, and is also supported by vacuum suction.
VDE: German standard in Electrics and Electronics.
VENT LINE: For the evacuation of the gas in the pipeline when necessary; It is a line consisting of ball valves and pipes suitable for natural gas installed on the pipeline, safety shut-off valves system, pressure relief valves, pre-burner gas control lines.
Vent: It is the gas exhaust system that steps in to eliminate dangerous pressures.
VENTURI GAS SCRUBBER [Venturi scrubbir] Water scrubber type for removing dust from gases.
DATA [Data] Information or facts used in analysis or interpretation to draw conclusions.
Efficiency point: In the tensile test, it is the point where the expert takes place without changing the force. At this point, the applied force may be less than the maximum force. Some materials do not have a yield / year point.
VARNISH: It is one of the protection processes applied to the printing surface and is easy to apply to the surface, although its durability and brightness is not as high as lacquer. It is applied after color printing in Offset printing machines. There are matte and glossy varieties.
Varnish: It is a thin, sticky substance that is mostly defined by its color and is usually organic residues. It is resistant to saturated solvents (such as naphtha), but dissolves in benzene, chloroform, ketones and similar compounds.
VI: Viscosity Index
VINIL CHLORIDE [Vinyl chloride] Chemical compound used in the production of plastic materials such as PVC, which can cause cancer.
VIBRATION: It is defined as the way the material travels per unit time. Its unit is mm / s. V
Vinyl Ester: It is a class of thermosetting resin containing acrylic ester and / or meta acrylic acids, mostly made of epoxy resin.
Visbreaking: It is the thermal cracking process in mild conditions applied to reduce the viscosity of residues; atmospheric or vacuum distillation residues are thermally decomposed in an environment without catalyst and converted into gas, naphtha, distillates and low viscosity fuel oil.
Viscoelastic: It is the property of the material to exhibit both fluid and elastic properties under the conditions applied.
Viscometer, Cold Cranking Simulator: An intermediate sliding speed is a viscometer; It measures whether the transmission of movement of an oil in a cold engine is sufficient.
Viscometer: It is an instrument by which the flow rate of a fluid (eg oils) at a certain temperature is measured; such as a fixed volume orifice or capillary tube.
Viscosity Index Improver (Improver): They are polymeric compounds used as additives to increase the viscosity index of a grain; It is used to ensure that the viscosity of the oil is not affected much by temperature changes.
Viscosity Index (VI): It is a system developed to show the change of viscosity of a fluid with temperature; higher values indicate that the fluid is not affected much by temperature changes. VI is determined by comparing the change in viscosity of the two reference oils with temperature; One of the oils has VI = 100, the other's VI = 0. The viscosity of the oil whose viscosity index will be determined is determined experimentally at 100 ° F and 210 ° F and VI is calculated from the formula.
Viscosity Loss, Temporary: It is a test applied to lubricating oils; The loss in dynamic viscosity at low and high shear rates is measured.
Viscosity, Brookfield: A test method that measures the apparent viscosity of an oil.
Viscosity, Solution: Solution viscosity is a viscosity measurement method used in dilute polymer solutions (or large molecules); The flow rate of the solution under controlled conditions (temperature, concentration) through a capillary is measured. From the obtained data, the intrinsic viscosity is calculated, which is correlated with the Mark-Houwink's equation ([h] = K Mva).
Viscosity, Dynamic: The ratio between the applied shear stress and shear rate of a fluid; It is a measure of the fluid's resistance to flow or deformation. The unit of dynamic viscosity in the cgs system is poise; 1 poise (P) = 100 cP = 1 g cm − 1 s − 1 = 0.1 Pa s.
Viscosity, Apparent): It is the viscosity of a liquid that only indicates the temperature-shear rate.
Viscosity, Kinematic: It is the viscosity value obtained by dividing the absolute (dynamic) viscosity of a fluid by its density at the same temperature. It shows the fluid's resistance to flow under gravity. The unit of kinematic viscosity in the cgs system is stokes (S or St);
Viscosity, Mooney: A type of viscometer that measures the resistance of raw or vulcanized rubber to deformation.
Viscosity, Redwood: It is a viscosity measurement method, but it is still not used.
Viscosity, Saybolt SSU: ASTM D 88, is the time in seconds required for a 60 ml petroleum product sample to flow through the calibrated Saybolt Universal viscometer.
Viscosity, Saybolt, SSF: ASTM D 88 is the time in seconds required for a 60 ml petroleum product sample to flow through the calibrated Saybolt Furol viscometer.
VISCOSITY: The specific resistance of the substance entering the flow.
Viscosity: The resistance of a fluid against flowing. In any flow event, layers on each other move at different speeds and the fluid thickens due to the shear stress between the layers and shows a resistance to the applied force (Newton Theory). In laminar shear between the two layers, the friction between the fluid and the moving layer causes the fluid to slide; The force required for this motion is a measure of the viscosity (dynamic or shear) of the fluid.
Viscosity: The tendency of a material to resist flow.
VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds): Volatile organic compounds; like butane, propane.
VOC [Volatile organic compounds] Volatile organic compounds.
VOLCANIC ROCK [Igneous rock] Rock formed by solidification in molten and partially melted state, such as basalt, granite and especially lava.
Volcanic Rock: Volcanic rocks are of two types; lava (aboveground, rhyolite and basalt) and magma (underground, granite). These are formed by the cooling of liquid material at a temperature of ~ 1500 0C; Meanwhile, large crystals are formed from the chemical substances in the liquid. Magma is a mixture of liquid rocks, crystals and gas. Rhyolite and granite contain similar chemicals, mostly silicon, and are light colored. Basalt is less silicon, so it is darker in color. Look. Rock Cycle.
VP [Vapor pressure] Vapor pressure.
VS [Volatile solids] Volatile solids.
VSS [Volatile suspended solids] Volatile non-precipitated solid.
VTOL [Vertical takeoff and landing] Vertical takeoff and landing.
Vulcanization: It is the bridging (crosslink) between neighboring polymer chains through one or more sulfur (or other suitable element) atoms; By controlling the degree of crosslinking, the physical properties of an elastomer can be changed as desired.
Knock: It is the explosion or noise that occurs due to premature ignition of a part of the fuel-air mixture in the cylinders of spark-fired (ignition) engines.
ANTI-KNOCK [Anti-knock] Compounds, usually containing course, added to the oil to make the engine run smoother.
WATER DEW POINT: The water dew point (or dew point) of a gas mixture is the temperature at which any water vapor in the gas mixture will begin to condense into liquid water at a given pressure. At a given pressure, the water dew point of a gas mixture is often referred to as the point where the gas mixture is saturated with water vapor. (In other words, the gas cannot hold any more water vapor). WPS: "Welding Method Specification" or more simply "welding instruction" is a document that explains to welders which welding detail will be welded in what way and with which parameters.
WCED [World Commission on Environment and Development] World environment and development commission.
WCIP [World Climate Impact Studies Program] World Climate Impact Studies Program.
WEB OFFSET (ROTATIVE PRINT): It is the advanced form of offset printing system. It is a printing system on bobbin papers. It is not much different from the printing technique on sheet papers, except for the direction of using the paper. Although web offset machines are not very different from sheet offset machines as their main working principles, the fact that the paper used enters the machine as a bobbin and the printing speed is very high provide great advantages to it. Books, magazines, catalogs, inserts, newspapers, etc. It performs printing operations much more economically, with high quality and fast. They have been manufactured to perform a specific job (newspaper, magazine, magazine, etc.) by adding devices capable of folding, cutting, blending, packing, and drying.
WES [Waste-to-energy system] Waste-to-energy system.
White Oil: Well refined straight mineral oils; It is colorless, odorless and tasteless, its chemical stability is very high. The purest white oils do not contain unsaturated compounds; It is used in the food, medical and cosmetic industries.
White Spirit: A refined distillate intermediate with a boiling range (eg 135-200 0C) between gasoline and kerosene; however, fractions between 30-200 0C are generally preferred for industrial purposes. Used as paint thinner and dry cleaning.
WIT: Water injection technology (injection molding technology)
WPC: Wood-Plastic-Composites
WWF [World Wildlife Fund] World Wildlife Fund.
X-Axis: In composite laminates, it is the axis accepted as 0o reference angle on the laminet plane.
Y / Z
Y (YELLOW-YELLOW): Abbreviation for yellow ink in process printing.
Y.İ. : It is a Build Operate Model.
Y.İ.D. : It is the Build-Operate-Transfer Model.
Oil Sand: It is a sandstone obtained from oil.
Lubrication Oil: They are ready-to-use oils containing suitable base oils and necessary additives depending on the purpose of use.
Lubricating Oil, Synthetic: Synthetic oils are oils developed in research laboratories and prepared by chemical reactions to contain the desired lubricating properties. Synthetic base stocks (or fluids) can generally be grouped into six groups; polyalphaolefins (PAO), dibasic acid esters, polyol ethers, alkylated aromatics, polyalkylene glycols and phosphate esters. In addition, silicones, silicate esters and halogenated hydrocarbons are special synthetic oils.
Lubrication: The roughness on the surfaces of the moving parts in contact with each other makes the movement difficult. The phenomenon of strain against movement is called friction. As a result of friction, parts become hot and eroded. When the parts working in contact with each other are lubricated, an oil film occurs between the friction surfaces. The oil gets filled between the roughnesses on the surface of the part, minimizing friction and preventing wear and heating. Look. Hydrodynamic Lubrication; Boundary Lubrication; Elasto Hydrodynamic Lubrication.
Fuel Cell: An electrochemical mechanism that converts the chemical energy of a fuel directly into electrical energy. Similar to batteries, fuel cells generate low-voltage direct current. Electrolysis and fuel cell are two systems that work opposite to each other.
GILDING PAINTING (BRONZING): Powdered foil, silver etc. Dyeing process by sprinkling gilds on transparent printed substrate. The luxury and expensive box in religious book prints, historical mosaic prints and the packaging industry facilitates the application of gold, silver, copper and bronze colored powders applied to paper prints.
YALDIZ: It is a metallic foil material covered with gold, silver and alternative colors used in foil printing.
SIDE PAPER: In products such as hard cover books and catalogs, it is called the double page group at the beginning and the end that allows the inner forms to be attached to the cover. Generally, its application as a heavier paper than the inner paper ensures cleaner and higher quality.
By-Product: Some basic products are secondary or undesirable products that occur during their manufacture.
Flammability: It is the measurement of the flammability and combustion degree of a material.
LATERAL FLEXIBLE CONNECTION PART: It is a flexible connection element that is used to compensate for lateral axis deviations in gas pipelines and installations.
FIRE SYSTEM: It is a system that detects the fire at the beginning and provides the intervention of the units with warning elements, warns the extinguishing systems, and saves time for evacuation by deactivating the potentially dangerous units.
RESPONSE TIME: The time required for a sensor to reach 63.2% of a step change in temperature under a specified set of conditions. Five time constants are required for the sensor to stabilize at 63.2% of the step change value.
Combustion Cell: It is a closed cell in which the chemical oxidation of the fuel occurs, that is, it burns; For example, in gasoline engines, the area occupied by the piston compressed fuel in the cylinder is the combustion chamber.
Burning Point: It is the lowest temperature where sufficient steam is generated to enable combustion.
BURN CHALLENGE: These are defects in the form of pits or notches occurring on the edges of the weld seam. Especially, it occurs due to reasons such as the welder working with the wrong electrode angle and excessive speed in excessive current strengths. This defect reduces the strength of the weld seam against dynamic stress.
Combustion: It can be defined as the very rapid oxidation of a fuel. The products of an ideal (complete) combustion process are H2O and CO2. When the combustion is not complete, carbon monoxide (CO) occurs because carbon cannot be oxidized completely.
Non-flammability: Chemical additives or products applied superficially that prevent, slow down or stop the spread of flame. The additives are used by chemically bonding during polymerization or by adding them to the plastic later.
BURNED GAS FLOW INSURANCE (CHIMNEY SAFETY VALVE): It is the device mounted on the burnt gas pipe and cuts the gas in cases of strong draft, build-up and backlash occurring in the chimney.
BURNED GAS CHIMNEY: It is the chimney that allows the burnt gases formed as a result of combustion in gas consumption devices to be thrown into the atmosphere.
BURNED GAS FLAP: It is a valve that works thermally or mechanically in the chimney or burnt gas duct.
BURNED GAS: It is the gas that is formed as a result of the combustion of gas mixed with air and thrown into the atmosphere.
CONSTRUCTION LENGTH: It is the length of the pipe after it comes out of the rolling mill.
Adhesiveness: The feeling of stickiness that a glue or prepreg material gives when touched.
Adhesion Strength: It is the expression of the degree of adhesion between bonded surfaces. It is based on measuring the amount of load required per bond area to separate the surfaces from each other.
Adhesive: It is the substance that allows two materials to be held together by providing a bond on the surface. It can be used in the form of film, liquid or paste.
Bonding: It is the combination of two or more hardened composite parts with an adhesive component.
LEAF: It is a paper that consists of one page on both sides.
AUXILIARY ANOTE: In external current-sourced cathodic protection systems, it is graphite, metal or alloys to which the positive end of the direct current supplied from the transformer-rectifier system to the cathodic protection circuit is connected. (Interest: Cathodic Protection)
AUXILIARY NATURAL GAS [SNG = Subtite natural gas] Gas obtained from any source and carrying the properties of natural gas.
Auxiliary Raw Material: Filler materials other than gelcoat, resin and fiber, which are the main raw materials of composite production, but whose use are necessary for the process, as well as catalysts, accelerators, etc. Refers to auxiliary materials.
Auxiliary Businesses: Refineries, petrochemical complexes and a group of units or factories where necessary services such as electricity, steam, water, waste disposal used during production are obtained.
HALF-LIFE: The time from a radioactive decay event until the initial activity of the radioisotope is halved. (Ref: Radiographic Examination)
DURATION OF INJURY [Half-life] The time required for the fragmentation of half of the atoms of a radioactive isotope; This term is also applied to agricultural pesticides and other pollutants in terms of the contaminant duration of action.
HALF CUT: It is the process of cutting the material to a certain depth with a knife. It is generally used to separate the carrier and the label in the label (sticker) cutting.
YAS STRUCTURE [Age structure] Classification of the population according to age groups.
PROHIBITED REGION: These are the areas where there are structures where a person can enter such as station building, zone regulator, valve room where gas is likely to be collected.
LIFE CYCLE [Life cycle] The different stages a creature goes through from egg fertilization to death.
LIFE ZONES [Life zones] Usually areas with an exemplary climate and soil characteristics and as a result, the biota, which is a highly exemplary in terms of species, composition and adaptation to the environment.
LIVING SPACE [Biotope] A restricted area of relatively uniform environmental conditions suitable for a particular plant and animal community.
LIVING ENVIRONMENT [Habitat] The natural environment in which an organism or group of organisms is located, determined by the relative uniformity of the physical environment and the tight interaction of all relevant biological species. The habitat can be a desert, tropical forest, grassland, arctic tundra, or ice sea.
LEGAL [Viable] Living, reproductive systems.
PILLOW GAS (CUSHION GAS): It is the amount of gas that can be produced only when the cavern is to be abandoned after completing its economic life, which should always be present in the cavern in order to ensure the stability of the cavern created. (Rel: Tuz Gölü Natural Gas Underground Storage Project)
PILLOW GAS: Pillow gas is the gas that must be kept in reservoirs in order to serve the storage activity of the underground gas tank.
PILLOWING: In natural gas pipelines placed in the channel, it is the process of filling the pipe circumference with at least 10 cm thick (20 cm) fine sand in order to protect the pipe coating against hard objects.
Aging: It is the change of properties of a substance in a positive or negative way over time under defined conditions. With the addition of additives such as antioxidants, UV / light stabilizers, etc., the adverse effects due to aging are eliminated or reduced.
Aging / Degradation: Chemical or physical changes in the structure due to the effect of heat and light. It is the main factor that causes the material to lose its properties.
Horizontal Drilling: In addition to the vertical shaft in an oil and gas well, one or more horizontal shafts are placed towards areas otherwise inaccessible. The technique is particularly important in offshore drilling; where a platform can serve many horizontal shafts, efficiency increases.
Horizontal Pressing: It refers to a pressing method used in molding of complex shaped products, which involves pushing the material into the snail with a piston or screw and closing the mold first up to the burr line, then injecting the HKB Dough and completely closing it.
Laying: The process of placing the reinforcement material in the mold and processing it.
SPREAD FIELD [Range] Geographical distribution of biological forms.
SUMMER TERM: It is the period that starts at 08:00 on May 1st and ends at 08:00 on September 1st.
SPARE (ENERGY) GENERATION CAPACITY [Reserve generating capacity] Extra energy generation capacity to meet unexpected energy demands.
Y-Axis: It is the axis perpendicular to the x-axis on the laminate plane in bidirectional composite laminates.
Recycling The process of recycling waste material, especially for the production of useful products such as paper, glass and plastic.
Renewable resource Natural resources such as wood, air or water that renew themselves naturally or can be renewed by human intervention.
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES [Rnewable energy sources] Self-renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, hydropower, biocide energy, tidal energy and generating nuclear energy reactors.
NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES Natural, as a rule non-renewable resource, such as a finite mineral.
Rearranging: It is one of the transformation methods; Most of the gasoline from the distillation of crude oil and cracking units does not have a sufficient octane number. The octane number is increased by removing hydrogen from low-octane gasoline with the catalytic reforming process. Hydrogen is used in hydrotreating units.
UNDERGROUND TANK: It is the space region limited by permeable rocks that can be saturated by impregnating pressurized water underground. In gas storage applications, in order for the gas to be stored in an aquifer (underground storage), the lower rock layer must be permeable and the upper layer (or cover) must be non-permeable.
UNDERGROUND WATER [Groundwater] Water formations sinking under the ground surface, regenerated by seepage or rain from aboveground water sources.
GROUNDWATER POLLUTION The main sources of groundwater pollution are sewage water installations, sewage pits and so on. and salt water leaks in coastal areas.
GROUNDWATER REINFORCEMENT [Groundwater recharge] Groundwater reproduction by rainwater or surface water infiltration.
Underground Gas Storage: The surplus of the gas taken from the gas well is transferred to suitable underground storage places without taking it to the earth. These places are drained (or dried up) oil and gas wells, or water-bearing sand basins covered with rocks so that they are water and airtight.
Underground Injection: It is to deliver gas or liquid to an underground reservoir through a well. The aim is to get more oil from a well (increased oil production) or to remove the water accumulated in the reservoir.
UNDERGROUND WATER LEVEL [Water table] Level of groundwater accumulated in the base bed.
SURFACE WATER (Surface water) A broad term used to describe all water on earth, including the oceans. In a narrow sense, it refers to the water found in river beds.
MONITORING THE EARTH [Earthwatch] A comprehensive environmental assessment program developed to identify important environmental trends, examine the effects of human activity on the environment, identify early warnings of potential dangers to the environment, and monitor natural resources.
YESIK KUSAK [Green belt] An unconsolidated soil belt around a residential area.
GREEN REVOLUTION [Green Revolution] It refers to achieving more successful agricultural yields through the use of intensive fertilizers and an improved irrigation system and the adoption of new varieties of crop seeds, especially wheat and rice.
GREEN ZONE: It represents the zone (area) planned for the SDG facility, which can be built on a prepared area only by leveling without requiring much infrastructure.
INSUFFICIENT NUTRITION [Malnutrition] Inadequacy in one or more of the essential metabolic elements required for the survival and growth of the organism, usually caused by nutritional deficiency.
Insufficient Curing: This is the situation encountered when the molded product is removed from the mold without waiting for the required heat or time for curing.
LIQUIDATION BY WASHING [Ekutriation] The separation process utilizing different sedimentation rates during the flotation process.
WASHER [Scrubber] Air pollution device consisting of a water sprayer. Sprayed water collides with undesirable particles, traps them and separates them from emissions; the emission then goes to the chimney free of dirt.
WASHER [Washer] General term used for gas purifier, droplet separator, wet dust collector that treats with liquid as the collection medium.
DEMOLITION [Debris] The destruction of rocks, timber, rubble, bricks, stones etc. the accumulation of debris.
ANNUAL DISCHARGE LIMIT [ARL = Annual release limit] The maximum amount of waste that can be released from the pollution source in one year.
Repeated dose toxicity Toxic effect of multiple exposure to a particular hazard.
Wear: It is the impact of environmental factors on materials over a period of time.
PASTER [Predator] Creature and organism that live by hunting. In each successive nutrient relationship level in the "raptor chain", the consumer is generally larger and stronger than the one consumed. In this context, the ultimate predator is human.
Yield Strength: Yield Strength.
Density-dependent factor Environmental factor that depends on population density to be fully effective.
Density-Independent factor The environmental factor that shows its effect regardless of the density of the population.
Density The relationship of the population, settlements, or basement area of a place to the unit of land area, expressed as a ratio.
DENSITY: It defines the amount of mass per unit volume. In the natural gas sector, the value of the natural gas mass amount in m³ volume in kg kg / m³ is commonly used.
DENSITY: Weight per unit volume is generally specified as gr / cm3.
Density: The weight of liquid per unit volume at a given temperature, usually 15.5 ° C; the unit can be various, for example, gr / cm3.
Runner: It is the channel where the molding compound is injected directly into the mold cavity.
BURNING: It is the damage caused by the printed sheets to the printed image during adhesion and separation.
CHIPPING (NOTCHING) [Spalling] Making into chips or pieces.
Fatigue Strength: It is the highest stress level that the material can withstand without any deterioration in the material as a result of a certain number of periodic load imposition. It also refers to the concept of strength value remaining after any kind of fatigue.
Fatigue Life: Refers to the time until deformation occurs.
Fatigue Limit: It is the maximum periodic stress period that can be loaded infinitely on a material without any deterioration.
Fatigue: It is the situation where mechanical properties decrease or disappear completely after repeated load applications. Fatigue test, about the negativities experienced as a result of repeated applications, for example; It is a test that provides information on the improvement of cracking resistance of a material.
Algae Killer [Algicide] A toxic chemical substance effective on algae.
ALGAE EXPLOSION [Algal bloom] The rapid growth of algae within them as a result of the enrichment of water resources in terms of nutrients, especially nitrates and phosphates, through various wastes and effluents.
Algae [Algae] Plants that live completely or partially underwater or grow on moist surfaces, multiply rapidly under conditions of certain chemical elements, contain chlorophyll and other photosynthetic pigments.
Young's Modulus: It is expressed as the ratio of normal stress to tensile and compression stress (strain).
Orientation: In order to produce a highly aligned structure, the crystalline structure within polymeric materials must also be aligned.
Local Dry Zones: These are the regions that are generally formed on the edges of the laminate and remain without wetting by the resin.
Softening zone: It is the temperature range of the plastic material in transition from solid state to soft state.
Softening temperature: It is the temperature at which a certain deformation is measured under a certain load.
INTERNATIONAL OPERATOR: It is the overseas network operator that operates the international transmission system connected to the Transmission Network at the Entry or Exit Points of the imported or exported natural gas.
LOAD (q): The equivalent of the gas burning in an hour in a gas appliance in kcal / h or kwh is called the load of that device. (Reference: Lower Limit Load, Rated Load, Limit Load, Upper Limit Load)
Deformation Temperature Under Load: The temperature at which the specified standard test rod is deflected under a specified load.
Curve Under Load: It is the curve in which the tensile, compression and bending loads increase on the Y axis and the bending caused by these loads on the X axis.
LOAD FACTOR: It is the ratio of average load to peak load in a certain period.
Load Voltage: It is the voltage value obtained by dividing the applied load in kilograms by the area that carries the load. The maximum load stress is the maximum load that can be carried by the carrying area.
Load Bearing Strength: It is the maximum load voltage that can be met.
LOADING LINE: These are the main lines used for loading the crude oil stored in the tanks onto the ship.
LOADING HANDLES: These are the systems that provide the passage between the ship and the shore for the loading and unloading operation of the crude oil.
LOADING ARM MINI PANEL: It is the panel on the loading arm that allows the operator to use the loading arms more precisely.
CONTRACTOR COMPANY: It refers to the company that undertakes the "Pipeline and Station Installation".
Laminates Made Under High Pressure: Laminates that are molded and hardened at pressures of at least 6.9 MPa and more commonly 8.3 to 13.9 MPa.
HIGH PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK: The natural gas distribution network whose operating pressure is at most 4 bars is called high pressure distribution network.
HIGH ENERGY WASHER [High energy scrubber] Collector that cleans the dirty gas with atomized water.
HIGH DENSITY PE: It is a polyethylene pipe material with a density between 0.942 - 0.965 gr / cm³. (Interest: Low Density PE, Medium Density PE)
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE): High density Polyethylene is a solid, hard and strong naturally milky white resin. HDPE has a good resistance to cracking, impact and melting. HDPE is suitable for personal care, beverages, food and chemicals. he gives himself well.
PHYSICAL CHEMICAL PURIFICATION METHOD FOR THE FLOATING OF SUBSTANCES FROM LIQUID WASTES.
FLOATING BOOMS [Floating booms] Floating booms, which can be produced from various materials, are used to keep oil dispersed in the water in a specific area, as dealing with a dense mass gathered in a small area is much easier than dealing with a dispersed mass.
Surface: It refers to the area where hand lay-up or spraying will be applied in moldless applications.
SURFACE ACTIVE MATERIAL [Surfactant] A surfactant chemical substance used in detergents and when present in waste water that causes foaming in the receiving water. It is one of the causes of effective water pollution.
Interfacial Tension: It is the force required for the rupture of the surface between two phases; The inter-surface is classified according to whether two successive phases are solid, liquid or gas. The properties of the molecules in the phases such as capillary effect, wetting property, adsorption, etc. affect the behavior of the molecules forming the interface. Intermolecular bonding forces in phase are equal in all directions; whereas on the surface, intermolecular forces (in the direction of the interface and in the phase direction) are effective and try to reduce the surface. On the other hand, a factor trying to increase the surface (such as moving molecules from phase to interface) has to do a job (W, erg) against the forces on the surface. W = g DA
SURFACE QUALITY: It is the definition of small indentations and protrusions seen on the surface of the manufactured part obtained by casting, rolling, machining and similar manufacturing methods according to a reference surface.
SURFACE TREATMENT: The process of making ink, lacquer and adhesive applied by changing the surface of a plastic.
Surface Net: It refers to the low-weight reinforcement material used to create a resin-rich and smooth-surfaced layer made in the form of felt in a random distribution known as the surface felt of the fiber.
SURFACE FLOW [Runoff] Water and rainwater that reunites with surface water formations flowing or leaking from the earth's surface.
SURFACE FLOW Erosion [Runoff erosion] Erosion caused by surface flow; This results in the uprooting of vegetation in erosion soil.
TIME SWITCH: It is a control device that initiates a certain process or series of transactions at certain times of the day.
DAMAGE SEALERS [Membranes] Membranes made of membranes used in water purification, desalination and also in industrial processes.
HARMFUL [Noxious] Physically damaging negative effects.
TOXIC SUBSTANCES [Toxic substances] Chemical substances which may cause harm through exposure in different forms.
GROUND ELECTRIC SPECIFIC RESISTANCE: It is the electrical resistance of the ground between two surfaces with an area of 1 cm² with a distance of 1 cm between them. Its unit is ohm-cm.
GROUND POTENTIAL: It is the potential difference measured with the help of reference electrodes between two points of the ground at a certain distance along the pipeline. (Interest: Cathodic Protection)
GROUND REDOX POTENTIAL: It is the potential value of the platinum electrode in the ground calculated from the electrode potential measured using a reference electrode and the ground pH value.
RICH GAS: It is a gas with a high methane content, but it also contains other hydrocarbon gases.
ZIFT [Bitumen] Oil residue used to make surfaces resistant to weather effects or to coat road surfaces.
Staple: It is the mold element that shapes the interior of the product.
ZIMMERMAN PROCESS [ZIMPRO = Zimmerman process] A deep aqueous oxidation process used in the treatment of sewage sludge to reduce the BOD-biological Oxygen Demand in a closed container under pressure.
ZIMPRO [Zimmerman process] Zimmerman process.
ZIRNIK, with the chemical formula As2S, dirty-orange, yellow-orange or gray-yellow, if the amount of iron is high, dirty-red color, very hygroscopic, easily oxidized in air, crystalline, easily soluble in water and melted mass, leaf (flake ), or in parts, or in granules, which are dangerous to touch in some cases, explosive and used in industrial branches such as sulfur dyes leather, viscose, cotton textiles.
ZIFT, 1) Black, shiny substance obtained from the distillation of tar and other organic substances, melting with little heat, easily broken when solid. 2) Black gum.
Pitch: A term that refers to the substances that come out of the distillation of coal tar.
Chain Polymerization: Simple molecules (monomers) are added / joined together in order to obtain long chain molecules (polymers) without obtaining by-products.
Chain Transfer: It is a chemical reaction that usually occurs during chain polymerization; The activity of the kinetic chain transporter in a growing macromolecule or oligomer is transferred to another molecule or to another part of the same molecule (backbiting).
CHAIN, Force and motion transfer vehicle in machinery and equipment.
ZONE: Region; for example, it is the area between two different depths in a well.
ZOOPLANKTON [Zooplankton] animal plankton.
HARD DAY: It is the day when the system balance is disrupted due to the increase in natural gas withdrawal amounts of the Shippers and / or the decrease in the amount of inputs and / or the stopping of natural gas input at any Entry Point.