Hydrocarbons
It is an organic compound consisting of two elements, hydrogen and carbon. Most of the petroleum composition consists of hydrocarbons of varying lengths.
The smallest hydrocarbon methane consists of a single carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. However, hydrocarbons can consist of hundreds or thousands of individual atoms linked together in many ways, including chains, circles, and other complex shapes.
In order to classify the properties of hydrocarbons, they are divided into several basic types.
Alkanes: These are called saturated hydrocarbons. That is, they only contain single bonds between all carbon atoms. Alkanes are the basis of petroleum fuels and exist in linear and branched forms.
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: Hydrocarbons that have one or more double bonds between carbon atoms are called alkenes.
Cycloalkanes: Any hydrocarbon containing one or more ring structures.
Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Aromatic hydrocarbons , also called arenes, are a unique class of carbon molecules in which carbon atoms are bonded by successive double and single bonds. This class of molecules has special ring structures in which the bonds between carbon atoms are an intermediate bond between single and double bonds.
Molecules in this class contain the industrial solvent "benzene".
Benzene (C6H6): Like other hydrocarbons, benzene is a natural component of petroleum. It is a colorless, flammable, sweet-smelling liquid at room temperature and is a component of most gasoline blends because of its high octane number.
Benzene is also highly carcinogenic and is well known to cause bone marrow failure and bone cancer. Of course, its carcinogenicity is not well known when used as an additive in aftershave and other cosmetics due to its "pleasant aroma".
The largest use of benzene (50%) is the product of styrene and polystyrene plastics. It is also converted into a molecule known as cyclohexane, which is important in Nylon production. About 15% of benzene is used to produce cyclohexane. Smaller amounts are used in everything from pesticides to rubber.
The benzene structure can be drawn in two ways. In the first, the double bond character is drawn explicitly. In the short handed version, a circle is drawn inside the ring to show the structure. There is only one hydrogen bonded to each carbon atom in benzene.
I. and II below. drawings are identical. III in practice. drawing is used.
Benzene is a colorless, flammable liquid with a boiling point of 80.1 ° C and a melting point of 5.5 ° C.
Binuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons: They are compounds that contain two benzene rings in their molecules.
Hydrocarbons
It is an organic compound consisting of two elements, hydrogen and carbon. Most of the petroleum composition consists of hydrocarbons of varying lengths.
The smallest hydrocarbon methane consists of a single carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. However, hydrocarbons can consist of hundreds or thousands of individual atoms linked together in many ways, including chains, circles, and other complex shapes.
In order to classify the properties of hydrocarbons, they are divided into several basic types.
Alkanes: These are called saturated hydrocarbons. That is, they only contain single bonds between all carbon atoms. Alkanes are the basis of petroleum fuels and exist in linear and branched forms.
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: Hydrocarbons that have one or more double bonds between carbon atoms are called alkenes.
Cycloalkanes: Any hydrocarbon containing one or more ring structures.
Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Aromatic hydrocarbons , also called arenes, are a unique class of carbon molecules in which carbon atoms are bonded by successive double and single bonds. This class of molecules has special ring structures in which the bonds between carbon atoms are an intermediate bond between single and double bonds.
Molecules in this class contain the industrial solvent "benzene".
Benzene (C6H6): Like other hydrocarbons, benzene is a natural component of petroleum. It is a colorless, flammable, sweet-smelling liquid at room temperature and is a component of most gasoline blends because of its high octane number.
Benzene is also highly carcinogenic and is well known to cause bone marrow failure and bone cancer. Of course, its carcinogenicity is not well known when used as an additive in aftershave and other cosmetics due to its "pleasant aroma".
The largest use of benzene (50%) is the product of styrene and polystyrene plastics. It is also converted into a molecule known as cyclohexane, which is important in Nylon production. About 15% of benzene is used to produce cyclohexane. Smaller amounts are used in everything from pesticides to rubber.
The benzene structure can be drawn in two ways. In the first, the double bond character is drawn explicitly. In the short handed version, a circle is drawn inside the ring to show the structure. There is only one hydrogen bonded to each carbon atom in benzene.
I. and II below. drawings are identical. III in practice. drawing is used.
Benzene is a colorless, flammable liquid with a boiling point of 80.1 ° C and a melting point of 5.5 ° C.
Binuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons: They are compounds that contain two benzene rings in their molecules.
About
Kyäni, nutritional supplement products consisting of beneficial ingredients; It delivers to more than 50 countries around the world with unique business opportunities. We use Kyäni products daily to maintain our ideal health, share these products with others, devote a certain amount of time to work almost every day to build and maintain our business, and share our success with others by involving others in the Kyäni opportunity or contributing to the Potato Pak and Caring Hands programs.
About
Kyäni, nutritional supplement products consisting of beneficial ingredients; It delivers to more than 50 countries around the world with unique business opportunities. We use Kyäni products daily to maintain our ideal health, share these products with others, devote a certain amount of time to work almost every day to build and maintain our business, and share our success with others by involving others in the Kyäni opportunity or contributing to the Potato Pak and Caring Hands programs.
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Training / Knowledge / Solution Platform
Stretch Film
Stretch film; rather it is used to maintain the stability of multi-piece batches. But in the storage area min. In order to use the storage area, there are areas of use according to the need, such as keeping the stacked materials on the pallet fixed, but ensuring the safety of the transportation of the material, protecting the material from external factors, and sometimes facilitating product identification by using stretch in different colors.
Hand-held (manual) is basically under two headings as the machine type used in automatic machines.
While manual stretch films are preferred for smaller volumes, narrow application areas and small quantities, automatic stretch films are preferred for much more serial packaging.
However, these two main titles (manual and automatic) have many subtitles (derivatives) in terms of purpose and features.
Although stretch films can be produced with blown film production technique, they are produced mostly with cast film production technique due to the lower production cost and much higher performance (production capacity).
Straight "T", ring molds and min. It is produced by the three-layer Co-Extrusion technique.
Among the Blown and Cast stretch film differences, the following can be mentioned.
Blown, Blown film, melting polymer is produced by a screw and a bubble meter is blown in the air to cool it. Quality blown film has a greater holding force, that is when applied it will not stretch and fix the load in place, allowing a greater puncture resistance, making it ideal for loads that may have sharper edges, it has a high adhesion on both sides, not too linear, therefore, it can make it a little more difficult to read and scan. It opens with the sound of tearing from the wrapped roll.
Besides, Cast film; It is produced by rapidly cooling molten polymer in laminated layers. It allows the use of high amounts of Metallocene. One side adheres naturally, thus ensuring the packaging is packed securely without sticking to the next pallet. elephant surface is much more opaque, It has excellent clarity which makes it much easier to read and scan. Wrapped roll unwinds much quieter.
One outer face of the film drawn with the Co-Ex technique is processed with additives that provide specific features such as stretch lubricity, special color, UV components, strength-enhancing extra additives, corona bombardment if printing, on the other. The core of the film is the main carrier raw material. (These are all sampling of the three-layer Co-Ex film with the most basic lines).
The foremost decisive argument of a stretch film is its thickness. Film thickness defined in micron (mu) scale may vary between 7 and 40. The most basic criterion that determines the thickness preference is the area of use of the film. The strength of the stretch film is directly proportional to its thickness.
Another main argument is elongation. The most basic criterion that determines the percentage (%) elongation values of stretch films is the compound formula / product recipe. The mLLDPE ratio to be used in the prescription is almost the most basic building block for the product to be a manual / automatic / power product.
In its most basic form, a stretch film product formula / recipe:
96-93% LLDPE / mLLDPE
3-5% Adhesive
1-2% Additive / Color Masterbatch
The quality of the stretch film is shaped according to the ratio of mLLDPE. These qualities; In parallel with the characteristics of mLLDPE, it shows itself as the film's strength, elongation / elasticity, impact resistance, transparency. Approximately according to mLLDPE usage rate:
0-5% manual / 10-15% automatic / 30-50% power / 60% -80% super.
The most common form of marketing for stretch films:
film in manual windings: 150-300 mt (1-2.5 kg / roll) (300-550 gr bobbin) (6 rolls / box)
Film in automatic windings: 1000/1500 mt (12-18 kg / roll) (1200-1900 gr bobbin) (1 roll / parcel)
Film in jumbo windings: 5000/6000 mt (50-80 kg / roll) (1500-2200 gr bobbin)
Possible technical values of stretch films
Possible technical values of Manual Stretch films:
More winding meter, 300 mt. the film thickness is 17-23 mu and the film width is 50 cm. It can be in various colors, but it is usually transparent, rarely black, products in other colors are usually produced specifically for the company / brand, and the likelihood of finding them in the market is negligible. Bobbin weights are 300-330 gr in Europe. is preferred. In the domestic market, it is between 400-600 gr.
Possible technical values of Jumbo Stretch films:
Jumbo windings also vary between 4500-6000 mt depending on the thickness of the film. The usage area of jumbo wrapped films is to make manual film in transfer / slicing machines.
Possible technical values of Automatic Stretch films:
Automatic stretch films are used in wrapping machines and depending on the thickness of the film, the winding is usually 1000-1500 meters. Strength and elongation values are slightly better than manual windings. It can be produced in various colors upon request. The inner diameters of the tubes used are 76mm in terms of entering the machine slots and their strength is higher in terms of being able to handle the winding lengths. The cost of the bobbin varies according to the thickness and weight of the bobbin.
Possible technical values of Power Stretch films:
It is used for the same purpose and in the same way as automatic films. Strength and elongation values are much better than automatic and jumbo stretch films.
Possible technical values of SuperPower Stretch films:
SuperPower stretch films are films with the best strength and elongation values. The rate of use of mLLDPE is higher than the others.
Calculations
When the market research of stretch films is done; Especially in manual stretch films, it is very likely that you will find products in different weights but defined as 17 mu 300 mt film, for example. Or, you may find that the bobbin / bobbin used has very different weights between 300 gr - 600 gr, even though you find a product of the same weight.
The important criterion here is that; If you do not know the calculation of the net film weight, you can never be sure that the product offered to you is in the specified thickness or in the specified length and you will have to accept the information given by the product supplier.
The basis of the calculations is to know the density of the film formula compound.
Since the stretch film formula / recipe constitutes a large percentage of the carrier raw material, the density of this raw material is directly used in calculations as a practice. However, it lies in the determination of the densities of all the real recipe components and the calculation of the actual density of the film with its average in formula ratios.
In practice, LLDPE raw material densities are considered as (d) = 0,917 gr / cm3.
The package weight calculation of Manual Stretch film is as follows:
First of all, the values that need to be known / determined:
width of the film (cm) (possibly 50 cm)
thickness (mu) of the film (17 microns for this sampling)
length of winding (mt) (for this sampling, let it be 300 mt)
bobbin weight (gr) (for this sampling let 370 gr)
Our Net Film weight (kg) = (cm) x (mu) x (mt) x 917 / 100,000,000
Our Net Film weight (kg) = 50 x 17 x 300 x 917 / 100.000.000 = 2.33 kg
Why 100 million:
As noted, we did not make any changes / conversions on centimeter, micron, meter units.
And we found the result directly in kg.
With this practicality, the number of zeros required to not deal with CGS / MKS unit conversions and to be able to read the result directly in the MKS value (kg) corresponds to 100 million.
Our Gross Roll weight (kg) = Our Net Film weight (kg) + Our core weight (kg)
Our gross Roll weight (kg) = 2.33 + 0.37 = 2.70 kg
To determine the coil weight by measuring the coil diameter:
(preparing)
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